A total of 53 gastric adenomas from endoscopically biopsied gastric mucosa were examined histopathologically. The average age at the time of endoscopic biopsy was 59 years, and gastric adenomas were found to be more frequent in the aged, particularly above the age of 50. The majority of adenomas occurred at the antrum. Concerning the shape of the adenomas, Yamada type II was more frequent (55%). All adenomas were accompanied by varying degree of intestinal metaplasia, and this findings suggest that gastric adenoma develops from intestinal metaplasia. In adenomas with severe atypia (grade III), endocrine cells (argyrophil and argentaffin cells) were markedly decreased or absent. Gastric adenocarcinomas coexistent with adenoma were seen in 5 (9.4%) out of 53 cases, and were more frequent in male than female patients (sex ratio, 4:1) and the average age was 61.4 years. It is suggested that there is a necessity of thorough follow-up study for definitive correlation between gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Endocrine Cells ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Stomach

The tracheobronchial histopathologic findings in 7 healthy cats used with high frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV) were compared with those in 6 cats used with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). 4-point, 9-variable scoring system was used to evaluate the injury in the trachea, right & left main bronchi and parenchyma. The following results were obtained; 1) The tracheobronchial tree received HFOV had no significant damage compared with CMV (P>0.05). 2) Intraepithelial mucus loss and emphysema were slightly more prominent in CMV groups. As above results; the tracheobronchial histopathologic difference was not prominent between CMV and HFOV groups received with relatively short period, however, the cellular of function and barotrauma may be more prominent in CMV groups. From now on, as causes of tracheobronchial injury in HFV, interaction between humidification and mechanical trauma considers further study.
Animals ; Barotrauma ; Bronchi ; Cats* ; Emphysema ; High-Frequency Ventilation* ; Mucus ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Trachea ; Trees

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of care burden of caregivers in patients with dementia. METHODS: 128 dementia patients and patients' caregivers participated in this study. Care burden using the BI ; cognition using the K-MMSE ; dementia severity using the CDR ; activities of daily living using the S-ADL and the S-IADL ; behaviour problems using NPI were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that care burden was related significantly with the K-MMSE, the CDR, the S-ADL, the SIADL and the NPI total score. Of the behavior problems, agitation/aggression, anxiety, disinhibition, irritability, and aberrant behavior correlated positively with care burden of caregivers. Regression analysis indicated that agitation/aggression, anxiety, the CDR contributed to care burden. CONCLUSION: Agitation/aggression, anxiety and dementia severity contributed to care burden of caregivers. The identified determinants of care burden and the stress of caregivers suggest areas of therapeutic intervention to reduce caregiver's burden so that the institutionalization can be delayed.
Activities of Daily Living ; Anxiety ; Caregivers* ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Institutionalization

The statistical observation of the time of passage of the first stool and first void was performed on 800 cases of newborns, were carried at the newborn nursery and premature baby room, National Seoul Hospital, during the past two years from Jan, 1977 to Dec, 1978. The population study was performed on sex, gestational age, Apgar score, mode of delivery, and maternal disease or premedication during the pregnancy, congenital anomalies of the newborn infants. The results were as following. 1) The cases of passage of the first stool within 1 hour and 24 hours after birth were 15%, 96.9% of total boy and 12.4%, 97.1% of total girl in each cases. There were no remarkable differences in the time of first stool between the boys and girls. The cases of the first stool passage who was delayed until 48 hours of age were more frequent in boys(0.7%) than girls. The cases of the first voiding in the delivery room or within 1 hour after birth showed 8.2% of boys and 6.7% of girls and the cases after 24 hours of age showed 6.5%, 5.2%, relatively. This revealed that boys were more earlier than girls in their first voiding. 2) According to gestational age, a total of 98.5% and 94.5% of the fullterm infants had their first stool passing and voiding within 24 hours after birth. But 10.8% of preterm infants had their first stool just after birth and 2.4% of preterm infants had their first meconium after 48 hours of age. So this group tended to pass their first stool later than other groups of infants. And also 23.2% of postterm infants had their first stool just after birth and this group tended to pass their first meconium earlier than other group of infants. A total of 97.6% of preterm infants voided in the delivery room and 88.4% of postterm infants had urinated within 24 hours after birth. This showed that preterm infants tended to void early and the postterm infants tended to void later than other groups of infants. 3) According to apgar score, 41.7% of newborn infants with low Apgar score(score 0~4) had their first stool passage in the delivery room and 66.7% of low Apgar score group infants voided within 24 hours after birth and this group tended to pass their stool earlier and void later than high Apgar score group infants. 4) The delivery method did not influence to the general population in the time of first urination and stool passage. 5) The infants of preeclampsia or diabetic mother tended to void early and the infants born to mother who received diuretics during the pregnancy voided early also. The newborn infants who had combined with congenital anomalies of gastrointestinal tract or genitourinary tract were delayed the time of passage of the first stool or first urine.
Apgar Score ; Delivery Rooms ; Diuretics ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Meconium ; Mothers ; Nurseries ; Parturition ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Premedication ; Seoul ; Urination

OBJECTIVES: Our study investigated the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with three groups (mild, moderate, severe) and prevalence of BPSD with the severity of AD. METHOD: In a study group of 338 patients with AD (mild:184, moderate:99, severe:55), information on gender, age, education was collected. The severity of dementia was measured by the Korean version of mini-mental status examination (K-MMSE) and Clinical dementia rating (CDR). The Korean version of Neruopsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI) was administered to all patients. RESULTS: Depression/dysphoria, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability, anxiety were frequent in the mild AD group. Apathy/indifference, Depression/dysphoria, agitation/aggression, delusion were frequent in the moderate AD group. Apathy/indifference, agitation/aggression, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behavior, anxiety were frequent in the severe AD group. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that delusion was a more dominant symptom in moderate AD group and the prevalence of depression declined in severe AD group.
Alzheimer Disease ; Anxiety ; Delusions ; Dementia ; Deoxycytidine ; Depression ; Humans ; Prevalence

This study was conducted to examine the reliability, validity and clinical utility of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) for a Korean population. 69 dementia patients with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) stages 2 or 3 were participated in this study. The SIB, Korean version-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), CDR, and Seoul-Activities of Daily Living (S-ADL) were administered. The validity of the SIB was confirmed by evaluating the correlation coefficients between the SIB and K-MMSE, CDR, S-ADL, which were found to be significant. Cronbach's alpha for the total SIB score and each subscale score showed high significance, and the item-total correlation for each subscale was also acceptable. The test-retest correlation for the total SIB score and subscale scores were significant, except for the praxis and orienting to name. The total SIB score and subscale scores were examined according to CDR. The results suggest that the SIB can differentiate the poor performances of severely impaired dementia patients. On the basis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), it can be concluded that the SIB is able to accurately discriminate between CDR 2 and 3 patients. The results of this study suggest that the SIB is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating severe dementia patients in Korean population.
Severity of Illness Index ; Reproducibility of Results ; ROC Curve ; *Neuropsychological Tests ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; Dementia/*diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition ; Aged ; Activities of Daily Living

OBJECTIVES: Clinical utility of the Short Form of the Samsung Dementia Questionnaire (S-SDQ) as a screening instrument for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). METHODS: Three groups (n=27, Subjective Memory Impairment (SMI); n=41 MCI; n=79, Early Alzheimer's Disease(AD)) recruited from memory clinic were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests including S-SDQ and Korean version-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). RESULTS: S-SDQ, unlike the K-MMSE, had no association with the age and education of the subjects. Scores of S-SDQ was found to correlate (r=-.496) with scores of K-MMSE. Result of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that S-SDQ discriminated between the SMI and the MCI groups. CONCLUSION: S-SDQ may be a solution to the problem of contamination by education and age which affect traditional cognitive screening instruments like K-MMSE, and it may be a useful tool for screening MCI.
Dementia* ; Education ; Mass Screening ; Memory ; Mild Cognitive Impairment* ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; ROC Curve

A 77-year-old woman was admitted to this hospital for evaluation of chest pain for 3 days. On physical examination, icteric sclerae, inspiratory crackles on both lower lung field and normal heart sounds were observed. Electrocardiograms showed pathologic Q waves with ST elevations in the precordial leads(V1-V4). Chest X-rays showed mild pulmonary edema with anteroseptal wall akinesia. Cardiac enzyme studies were compatible with AMI. Hematologic investigation revealed severe thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Coagulation profiles were normal. Coombs test, sucrose lysis test, anti-platelet antibody and antinuclear antibody were all negative. Urinalysis showed albuminuria(+++) and microscopic hematuria. Initial therapy with aspirin, nitrate, morphine and prednisolone was started. Ten hours after admission, she developed agitation, aphagia and confusion with progression to coma. Computed tomography of the brain was normal. Five units of fresh frozen plasma were infused. After one day, platelet counts slightly increased. But cardiogenic shock ensued and she died despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AMI has not been reported in association with TTP. This patient had no risk factors for coronary artery disease and no previous history of angina. TTP was clinically diagnosed with confidence by excluding other known cause of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia. Coronary angiogram and bone marrow examination could not be performed due to a rapidly fatal course. The etiology of AMI in this patient was not confirmed, but clinical evidence strongly supported etiologic association with TTP.
Aged ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Aspirin ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Brain ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Chest Pain ; Coma ; Coombs Test ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Dihydroergotamine ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Sounds ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Lung ; Morphine ; Myocardial Infarction ; Physical Examination ; Plasma ; Platelet Count ; Prednisolone ; Pulmonary Edema ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; Respiratory Sounds ; Risk Factors ; Sclera ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Sucrose ; Thorax ; Thrombocytopenia ; Urinalysis

PURPOSE: The characteristics of allergic rhinitis can be different among countries and areas because causative allergens and aggravating factors depend on the living environment. However, there have been few studies on the clinical feature of Korean children with allergic rhinitis, as well as on clinical characteristics in different age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Korean children with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: The medical records of children under 12 years of age who had rhinitis symptoms were analyzed in terms of clinical symptoms and positive allergens. Subjects were classified into 2 groups: those with allergic rhinitis (AR group) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR group). Both groups were subdivided into 3 categories: the 1-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9-12 age groups. RESULTS: Among 516 children, 397 (76.94%) belonged to the AR group and 119 (23.06%) belonged to the NAR group. The male to female ratios were 2:1 in both groups. There were significant differences in sneezing and itching between the AR and NAR groups across different age subgroups. There were significant differences in nasal obstruction between the AR and NAR groups in the 9-12 age group. The incidence of AR was 77.8 % in chronic sinusitis patients. Sensitized allergens were house dust mites, animal hair, pollen, and mold in decreasing order in the AR group. Children who were sensitized to animal hair more frequently had sneezing than those who were not. CONCLUSION: Sneezing and itching strongly suggest allergic rhinitis in Korean children. Clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis in Korean children would helpful in early diagnosis and adequate treatment of disease.
Allergens ; Animals ; Child* ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fungi ; Hair ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical Records ; Nasal Obstruction ; Pollen ; Pruritus ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis* ; Sinusitis ; Sneezing

SmithMagenis syndrome (SMS) is a rare disorder with multiple congenital anomalies caused by a heterozygous interstitial deletion involving chromosome 17p11.2, where the retinoic acid-induced 1 (RAI1) gene is located, or by a mutation of RAI1. Approximately 90% of the patients with SMS have a detectable 17p11.2 microdeletion on fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). SMS is characterized by mental retardation, distinctive behavioral features, craniofacial and skeletal anomalies, speech and developmental delay, and sleep disturbances. Although there are some intervention strategies that help individuals with SMS, there are no reported specific interventions for improving the outcome in children with SMS. Here, we report two cases of SmithMagenis syndrome.
Child ; Chimera ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Smith-Magenis Syndrome