No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

The results of 234 cataract extractions by freezing method are presented. An important advantage of cryoextraction is the reduced incidence of accidental capsular rupture. Good results can be achieved even by the begginner. Cryoextraction of cataract has proved well suited as a routine method.
Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Freezing ; Incidence ; Rupture

We experienced a case of vitamin B12 unresponsive methlymalonic acidemia in a 4 day old female, who had poor feeding, dehydration with metabolic acidosis, and hyperammonernia and died at 7 days of age. Diagnosis was made by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and this case is probably a methylmalonyl CoA mutase apoenzyme deficiency type.
Acidosis ; Apoenzymes ; Chromatography, Gas ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase ; Vitamin B 12

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of handwashing improving program and MRSA carrier detection program on MRSA(methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infection rate in a intensive care unit. METHOD: The intervention was Nosocomial Infection(NI) control program consisted of hand washing improving program and identification and treatment of MRSA carrier. Data on the NI and MRSA infections were collected by an infection control nurse based on the definition of CDC. MRSA infection rates were calculated by the number of MRSA infection per 100 admissions or 1,000 patients-days. The difference of MRSA infection rates between pre and post intervention was tested by Chi-square at =.05. RESULT: MRSA infection rates 3.0% or 3.2 per 1,000 patient-days at the pre, 4.6% or 3.7 per 1,000 patient-days at the post, and the differences were not statistically significant (p=.411, p=.769 respectively). CONCLUSION: The handwashing improving program and MRSA carrier detection program was not effective in reducing the Nosocomial Infection(NI) or MRSA infection rates. It is recommended further studies with a longer intervention and follow-up period.

PURPOSE: There are compelling evidences that house dust mites are important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Recently, detection of house dust mite allergens from clothing, skin, and dust from human hair has been reported. To evaluate the importance of house dust mite exposure in the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis. METHODS: We measured house dust mite allergens (Der f1 from Dermatophagoides farinae and Der p1 from D. pteronyssinus) in scalp dander from 27 children with atopic dermatitis and 41 children with asthma only by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and examined correlation between house dust mite allergen concentrations in scalp dander and clinical severity of atopic dermatitis in children. RESULTS: Der f1 was detectable in scalp dander samples of 32 patients (47%) from overall 68 patient and Der p1 was detectable in 33 patients (49%). House dust mite allergens (Der f1 or Der p1) were detectable in scalp dander samples of 46 patients (70%) from overall 68 patient. There was no significant differences in house dust mite allergen levels between atopic dermatitis patients and patients with asthma only. There was a tendency of inverse correlation between frequency of scalp washing and concentration of Der f1 in scalp dander extract (r=-0.24, P=0.052). There was a significant correlation between severity grade of atopic dermatitis and concentration of Der f1 in scalp dander (r=0.39, P<0.05) in 27 children with atopic dermatitis. However, there was no significant correlation between severity grade of atopic dermatitis and concentration of Der p1 in scalp dander (r=-0.05, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between house dust mite allergen concentrations in scalp dander and clinical severity in children with atopic dermatitis. And these results suggest that exposure to house dust mite allergen is important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
Allergens ; Asthma ; Child* ; Clothing ; Dander* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dust* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hair ; Humans ; Pyroglyphidae* ; Scalp* ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive function, leisure activities and depression in female elderly, to examine the relationships among those variables and to investigate leisure activities and depression according to cognitive function. METHODS: The subjects were 105 female elderly visiting two senior citizen centers in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected from November to December 2006. The participants were assured of anonymity and confidentiality. All information was collected through face-to-face interviews using questionnaires. RESULTS: 26.0% of the participants were cognitive impaired but not demented and 17.3% were demented. The level of depression was severe and 77.9% of the subjects were depressed. The subjects were not actively engaging in leisure activities. There were significant correlations between cognitive function, leisure activities and depression in female elderly. Demented or CIND subjects were more actively engaging in extra family fulfillment type leisure activities than normal subjects, CONCLUSION: These findings showed the need for a program for female elderly regarding leisure activities. When counseling the elderly, nurses must consider their cognitive function, leisure activities and depression.
Aged* ; Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Cognitive Dissonance ; Confidentiality ; Counseling ; Depression* ; Female* ; Humans ; Korea ; Leisure Activities* ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The hippocampal atrophy has been known to be an important biological marker for the early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aims of this study are to disclose the differerence in the interuncal distance (IUD) between MCI, dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and healthy aged controls, and to identify the affecting factors. METHODS: In transaxial plane, the IUDs at the level of the suprasellar cistern on the T1-weighted images on the brain MRI were measured in patients with MCI (N=30), those with DAT (N=34), and healthy aged controls (N=20). Furthermore, demographic data about age, sex, educational level as well as cerebrovascular factors were obtained by structured interviews and medical records, and the severity of cognitive disorders were assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). RESULTS: 1) The mean (+/-S.D.) IUD of DAT group (26.52+/-3.37 mm) was significantly different from that of healthy aged controls (24.35+/-2.91 mm)(p=0.044). However, there were no significant differences between IUD of MCI group (25.60+/-2.66 mm) and that of DAT group (p=0.483) as well as that of healthy aged controls and that of MCI group (p=0.363). 2) Variables such as age, sex, educational level, cerebrovascular risk factors and severity of cognitive disorder were not related to the IUD. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of IUD on the brain MRI did not seem to be a helpful biological marker for the early detection of MCI in clinical practice.
Atrophy ; Biomarkers ; Brain ; Dementia ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Mild Cognitive Impairment* ; Risk Factors

Gastric leiomyomas, which arise from smooth muscle tissue, are the most common non-epi- thelial tumors occurring in the stomach. This tumor is most commonly found incidentally at surgery or autopsy. The incidence of the leiomyoma is about 1-3% of all gastric tumors and sex distribution is equal. We have recently experienced a 59-year-old housewife who had epigastric pain and soreness of one month's duration. Physical examination disclosed tenderness with palpated mass in the left upper quadrant. Gastrofiberscopic finding revealed esophageal diverticulum in the mid-esophagus and 2 x 2 x 1 cm sized submucosal intramural mass with centrally depressed umbilication through ulcerative change on the greater curvature of lower body. Within the umbilication, there were food materials and blood clots. The sleeve segmental resection of stomach was performed. The histopathologic and post operative findings were atypical leiomyoma, perforated with abscess formation to the omentum.
Abscess ; Autopsy ; Diverticulum, Esophageal ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leiomyoma* ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Omentum ; Physical Examination ; Sex Distribution ; Stomach ; Ulcer

Gastric leiomyomas, which arise from smooth muscle tissue, are the most common non-epi- thelial tumors occurring in the stomach. This tumor is most commonly found incidentally at surgery or autopsy. The incidence of the leiomyoma is about 1-3% of all gastric tumors and sex distribution is equal. We have recently experienced a 59-year-old housewife who had epigastric pain and soreness of one month's duration. Physical examination disclosed tenderness with palpated mass in the left upper quadrant. Gastrofiberscopic finding revealed esophageal diverticulum in the mid-esophagus and 2 x 2 x 1 cm sized submucosal intramural mass with centrally depressed umbilication through ulcerative change on the greater curvature of lower body. Within the umbilication, there were food materials and blood clots. The sleeve segmental resection of stomach was performed. The histopathologic and post operative findings were atypical leiomyoma, perforated with abscess formation to the omentum.
Abscess ; Autopsy ; Diverticulum, Esophageal ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leiomyoma* ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Omentum ; Physical Examination ; Sex Distribution ; Stomach ; Ulcer