Cyclopia is rare congenital craniofacial anomaly, in which the eyes are fused together and located in a single orbit. It is consistently associated with severe holoprosencephaly, which is the failure of cleavage of the prosencephalon with a deficit in the midline facial development. chromosomal study revealed 47, X( ), +13 (Patau syndrome).
Holoprosencephaly ; Orbit ; Prosencephalon ; Trisomy*

Transient tachypnea of the newborn(TTN) is a benign self-limited disease characterized by early onset and rapid recovery of tachypnea although it may occasionally have a more prolonged and protracted course. A retrospective clinical study was mad on 29 neonates with TTN admitted to NICU of Pohang St. Mary's Hospital from January 1992 to June 1993. The results were as follows: 1) TTN(36.2%) was the most common cause of respiratory distress in the neonate followed by idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome(23.8%), pneumonia(18.8%), meconium aspiration syndrome(6.2%), perinatal asphyxia(6.2%), polycythemia(3.8%), anemia(1.2%), persistent fetal circulation(1.2%), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(1.2%) and tracheoesophageal fistula(1.2%) 2) TTN was more frequent in the male term infants but can occur in premature(41.4%) and low birth weight infants(34.5%). 3) The associated perinatal conditions were oxytocin-induction(8 cases, 27.6%), Cesarean delivery(10 cases, 34.5%) and asphyxia(7 cases, 24.2%) 4) Arterial blood gas analysis showed respiratory acidosis in 3 cases and metabolic acidosis in 3 cases but none of TTN showed hypoxia unresponsive to oxygen 5) Chest X-ray showed hyperaeration in 10 cases(34.5%), increased pulmonary vascularity in 8 cases(27.6%), hyperaeration and increased pulmonary vascularity in 6 cases(20.6%) and cardiomegaly in 12 cases(53%). 6) Tachypnea usually appeared within 6hours and abated by 48-72hours but sustained more than 73hours in 7 cases(24.1%) 7) In majority of cases, maximal respiratory rates were below 100 rates/min and administered oxygen concentrations were 20-40%, and their mean values were 81 rates/min, 37.6% respectively. 8) TTN with more prolonged course(> or=48hours) was associated with low birth weight infants, prematurity and higher respiratory rates(> or=100 breaths a minute)(p<0.05).
Acidosis ; Acidosis, Respiratory ; Anoxia ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cardiomegaly ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachypnea ; Thorax ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn*

Transient tachypnea of the newborn(TTN) is a benign self-limited disease characterized by early onset and rapid recovery of tachypnea although it may occasionally have a more prolonged and protracted course. A retrospective clinical study was mad on 29 neonates with TTN admitted to NICU of Pohang St. Mary's Hospital from January 1992 to June 1993. The results were as follows: 1) TTN(36.2%) was the most common cause of respiratory distress in the neonate followed by idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome(23.8%), pneumonia(18.8%), meconium aspiration syndrome(6.2%), perinatal asphyxia(6.2%), polycythemia(3.8%), anemia(1.2%), persistent fetal circulation(1.2%), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(1.2%) and tracheoesophageal fistula(1.2%) 2) TTN was more frequent in the male term infants but can occur in premature(41.4%) and low birth weight infants(34.5%). 3) The associated perinatal conditions were oxytocin-induction(8 cases, 27.6%), Cesarean delivery(10 cases, 34.5%) and asphyxia(7 cases, 24.2%) 4) Arterial blood gas analysis showed respiratory acidosis in 3 cases and metabolic acidosis in 3 cases but none of TTN showed hypoxia unresponsive to oxygen 5) Chest X-ray showed hyperaeration in 10 cases(34.5%), increased pulmonary vascularity in 8 cases(27.6%), hyperaeration and increased pulmonary vascularity in 6 cases(20.6%) and cardiomegaly in 12 cases(53%). 6) Tachypnea usually appeared within 6hours and abated by 48-72hours but sustained more than 73hours in 7 cases(24.1%) 7) In majority of cases, maximal respiratory rates were below 100 rates/min and administered oxygen concentrations were 20-40%, and their mean values were 81 rates/min, 37.6% respectively. 8) TTN with more prolonged course(> or=48hours) was associated with low birth weight infants, prematurity and higher respiratory rates(> or=100 breaths a minute)(p<0.05).
Acidosis ; Acidosis, Respiratory ; Anoxia ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cardiomegaly ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachypnea ; Thorax ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn*

Airway management for patients who have suffered multiple facial fractures and skull base fractures is complicated. Nasal intubation can interfere with centralization and stabilization of nasal fractures and may lead to cranial intubation. Restoring the dental occlusion by means of intraoperative maxillo- mandibular fixation is a prerequisite to the corrrect anatomical reduction of multiple facial fractures. This fixation precludes oral endotracheal intubation. In the past, it has been overcome by a tracheostomy. Complications of a tracheostomy include infection, hemorrhage, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, recurrent laryngeal nerve damage, tracheal stenosis, and tracheoesophageal fistula. The technique of submental intubation was originally described by Altemir. This technique provide secure airway, an unobstructed intraoral airway field. and allows maxillomandibular fixation while avoiding the drawbacks and complications of naso-endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. With this technique, the multiple facial fractures were corrected successfully.
Airway Management ; Dental Occlusion ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Jaw Fixation Techniques ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Pneumothorax ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Skull Base ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; Surgery, Oral* ; Tracheal Stenosis ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; Tracheostomy

Objectives: This study examined the results of the restandardization of the Korean Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The Korean PAI was first standardized in 2001 and then restandardized in 2019 to establish new normative data. On the other hand, differences may exist in the results of the restandardized version considering the time interval, which may include cultural and social differences. Thus, differences between the results of the Korean PAI administered in 2001 and 2019 must be examined to confirm its new normative data followed by restandardization. Methods: Data from 2212 adults who administered the original Korean PAI in 2001 and 1263 adults who administered the Korean PAI in 2019 were collected. The study compared the reliability and mean scores. In addition, the mean scores of the Korean PAI administered in 2019 were converted to T-scores adapted to the normative data of 2001. The collected data was analyzed using a t-test and comparing the T-scores. Results: The internal consistency reliability showed a similar pattern in both versions, but the differences among the mean scores and T-scores appeared to be significant. Conclusion The significant differences between the scores of the Korean PAI administered in 2001 and 2019 reflect the result of the restandardization. Therefore, the restandardized version of the Korean PAI may bring more precise information that can be adapted to the contemporary era.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic idiopathic urticaria refers to recurrent hives of more than six weeks duration and in approximately 80% of cases, the etiology is unknown. Recently, involvement of an autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria has been suggested. Thyroid autoimmunity has been reported in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and treatment with thyroxine in selected cases induced clinical remission. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 99 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria to evaluate the clinical significance of anti-thyroid auto-antibodies including anti-thyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies. Thirty-four normal volunteers were selected as controls. The prevalence of these two auto-antibodies as well as laboratory findings and clinical features between these two groups were compared. RESULTS: Thyroid auto-antibodies were positive in 24% of patients compared to 8.7% of control patients and the duration of the disease was significantly longer in the patients with thyroid auto-antibodies than in those without thyroid auto-antibodies, respectively (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in age, positive rate of ANA and total eosinophil count. Administration of thyroxine to five patients with refractory urticaria resulted in improvement in three patients. CONCLUSION: Thyroid autoimmunity is associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria in some patients. Administration of thyroxine resulted in improvement of symptoms in some of these patients. Therefore, we recommend routine testing of thyroid auto-antibodies in patients with retractable chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Antibodies ; Autoimmunity ; Eosinophils ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroxine ; Urticaria*

We investigated the association of depressive symptoms with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques in the general Korean population. A total of 7,554 Korean males and females aged 45-74 yr who were free from cardiovascular diseases were included in the analyses. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Subjects with a score of > or =16 were classified as having clinically significant depressive symptoms. Carotid ultrasonography was used to measure mean carotid IMT (C-IMT) and to determine the presence of plaques. A significant association between depressive symptoms and C-IMT was observed only in females. After adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors, females with depressive symptoms had significantly greater C-IMT than females without depressive symptoms (mean difference 0.011+/-0.004 mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.019 mm). Compared with controls, the fully adjusted risk of females with depressive symptoms for abnormal C-IMT (> or =1.0 mm) was significant (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.30). No significant association between depressive symptoms and carotid plaques was observed in either gender. This study shows a significant association between depressive symptoms and C-IMT in middle-aged and older females.
Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carotid Artery Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/*diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Pancytopenia* ; Ticlopidine*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine daytime sleepiness-related factors, including sleeping patterns and daytime activities, in shift and non-shift workers. METHODS: One hundred and twenty two shift workers, and two hundred and fifty four non-shift workers, were selected and identified in terms of their general characteristics, such as age, tenure, educational level, marital status and religion. Screening questionnaires were composed of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for evaluation of daytime sleepiness, the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) for fatigue, and the Korean version of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for sleeping patterns. RESULTS: The shift worker group reported significantly higher rates of sleep disturbance and higher fatigue scores compared with the non-shift workers (all p<0.01). The prevalence of daytime sleepiness was higher in the shift workers (19.7%) than the non-shift workers (10.6%) (p<0.05). The significant daytime sleepiness-related factors were found to be shift work, tenure and difficulties in falling back to sleep once woken (p<0.05). Shift work was proved to be an important factor in workers aged less than 40 years (p<0.05). However, this association was not evident in workers aged 40 years and over. CONCLUSIONS: The shift workers showed a significantly higher prevalence of daytime sleepiness compared with the non-shift workers. The present study suggests a need for the implementation of sleeping and fatigue management programs for shift workers in order to improve working efficiency and control safety accidents during shift work.
Adult* ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Male* ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Cognitive functioning was known to be affected by socioeconomic conditions including ethnicity. The Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and the Korean version of the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (K-modified MMSE; K-mMMSE) scores by age, gender, and educational levels were evaluated. METHODS: Screening interviews were conducted with 2251 men and 3267 women aged 45 and over in 3 communities (Namwon-city of Chonbuk province, Younggwang-gun of Chonnam province). Descriptive performances (means, medians and percentile ranks) were calculated to summarize the range of normal performance. Scatterplots of the K-mMMSE scores according to age or educational attainments were performed. RESULTS: Lower age, higher education, and male gender were associated with higher scores of the K-MMSE and K-mMMSE. In women, more than half (50.6%) had no formal education and 546 women (16.7%) were illiterate. In men, the K-MMSE and K-mMMSE median scores ranged from 27 and 88 for individuals aged from 45 to 49 years old, to 25 and 76 for those aged 70 years and over. In women, the K-MMSE and the K-mMMSE median scores ranged from 17 and 53 for illiterate women, to 28 and 90 for women with more than 10 years of education. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the reference values will allow the clinician to interpret a patients performance on the K-MMSE and K-mMMSE, in light of the value expected from a group of normal subjects with the same sociodemographic profile.
Education ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values