A case of multiple trichilemmal cysts (TC) is presented. TC is known to be a kind of keratinous cyst with lining cells showing trichilemmal keratiniration. A 63-year-old female patient presented with a 30 year duration of increasing in size and number of twenty five nodular lesions on the scalp. All twenty five TC on the scalp were totally excised and examined microscopically. However, the evidence of proliferation or malignant change like the previous case reports was not found in our case.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Scalp

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: While the incidence of skin diseases in our university hospital may not indicate their true incidence in the population, it nonetheless represents the only available source of information. Recently, the composition of the Wonju population has changed rapidly in that the population of old people is increasing and urbanization is accelerating. Thus, statistical study of the latest data is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of common dermatoses and compare this with previous reports. METHODS: We reviewed 27,718 new outpatients who visited the department of dermatology at Wonju Christian Hospital from 2005 to 2009, and statistically analyzed the findings. RESULTS: The study results are summarized as follows: Of the 27,718 outpatients, the total number of male patients was 14,190 (51.2%), and the numbers of female patients was 13,528 (48.8%). The most frequent age groups were the fifth decade (15.9%), sixth decade (13.9%), seventh decade (13.2%), and fourth decade (12.5). The 20 most common dermatoses were dermatophytosis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, other eczema, verruca, alopecia, herpes zoster, pruritus, psoriasis, drug eruption, vitiligo, acne, seborrheic dermatitis, folliculitis, benign epidermal tumors, nevocellular nevus, irritant contact dermatitis, bacterial diseases, and rosacea. The dermatoses which revealed a decreasing tendency to be treated by medicine included dermatophytosis, atopic dermatitis, other eczema, pruritus, psoriasis, drug eruption, vitiligo, acne, and irritant contact dermatitis. An increasing tendency was noted in urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, verruca, alopecia, herpes zoster, seborrheic dermatitis, folliculitis, benign epidermal tumor and nevocellular nevus. Diseases with high seasonal distribution in summer were dermatophytosis, herpes zoster, vitiligo, folliculitis, irritant contact dermatitis and bacterial infections. However, atopic dermatitis, pruritus, and psoriasis showed high incidence in the winter period. Verruca, acne and nevocellular nevus had a peak incidence in both summer and winter. CONCLUSION: The distinct characteristic of skin diseases of the Gangwon province was a high incidence of pruritus and seborrheic dermatitis which represent the senile diseases.
Acne Vulgaris ; Alopecia ; Bacterial Infections ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Dermatology ; Drug Eruptions ; Eczema ; Female ; Folliculitis ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Nevus ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis ; Rosacea ; Seasons ; Skin Diseases ; Statistics as Topic ; Tinea ; Urbanization ; Urticaria ; Vitiligo ; Warts

Prior brief ischemic insult was reported to protect the hippocampal CA1 neurons from delayed neuronal death following global ischemia. Mechanisms of such protective effects have, however, remained unclear. The study was conducted to confirm whether the preceding cortical infarction exerts protective effects on the adjacent hippocampal CA1 neurons against the subsequent global ischemia and to reactive astrocytosis to the mechanisms of protective effects. Male, mongolian gerbils, aged 12-15 weeks and weighing 70-90g, were anethetized with ketamine by intraperitoneal injections, and a small cortical infarction in the unilateral parietal cortex was made by infusing of magnetic ferrite particles which were followed by subsequent global ischemia for 5 minutes on 1, 3 and 7 days later. One week following the subsequent global ischemia, the neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal CA1 regions was examined by Hematoxylin-eosin stain. Immunohistochemistry using GFAP antibody was carried out for evaluating the time course of astrocytic reactivity after 1, 3, and 7 days of cortical infarction. The neuronal degeneration of CA1 regions in the ipsilateral hippocampus preceded by the cortical infarction was less severe than those in the contralateral ones. The differences of neuronal degeneration between both of hemispheres was clearly more prominent in animals whose global ischemia was induced at 1 and 3 days cortical infarctions than 7 days. However, the reactivity of GFAP astrocyte was minimal at 1 day but markedly increased at 3 and 7 days after cortical infarction. This present study confirmed that the preceding cortical infarction may protect the adjacent ipsilateral CA1 neurons from the subsequent global ischemic insult with its protective effect being most remarkable at 1 and 3 days but less at 7 days after cortical infarction. However, the degree of reactive astrocytosis measured by GFAP immunohistochemistry did not correlate well with the degree of neuroprotection, thus it did not fully account for the mechanisms of such protective effect.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; Gerbillinae ; Gliosis ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infarction* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Ischemia ; Ketamine ; Male ; Neurons* ; Rabeprazole

PURPOSE: Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes is the most important prognostic indicator in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The number of lymph nodes examined for adequate staging is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine if the number of lymph nodes after curative surgery is associated with long-term outcome in patents with Dukes B CRC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 174 consecutive patients with Dukes B CRC who underwent curative resection from 1990 to 1999. Patients were stratified according to the number of nodes examined as group A (less than 12 nodes) and group B (12 or more nodes). End-points were local and systemic recurrence and relapse-free survival. Comparisons between the groups were performed by Kaplan-Meier methods and chi-square test as appropriate. RESULTS: There were 115 men (66%). The mean number of nodes examined was 13.4 with the median of 11. No significant difference was found in the number of nodes examined between colon and rectum (16+/-10.6 vs. 13+/-10.0, P=0.675). However, the number of lymph nodes examined tends to be more in recent period of study and if the specimens were examined in the fresh status. With the median follow-up of 44 months, there were 5 local recurrences (2.9%), 22 systemic recurrences (12.6%), and 2 combined local and systemic recurrences (1.1%). Most of the recurrences were observed in group A (79%). The difference of 5-year relapse-free survival rates between the groups was also statistically significant (group A: 73.5%, group B: 91.7%, log-rank test, P=0.0114). The pT stage and number of lymph nodes examined were the independent variables associated with relapse-free survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The number of lymph nodes examined has prognostic value in patients undergoing curative resection for CRC. Based on our analysis, we recommended at least 12 lymph nodes should be analyzed for accurate staging of CRC.
Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis* ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Pyelonephritis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of stereoscopic localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 60 cases of stereotactic localization performed for lesions whichwere mammographically visible but not palpable. Each case was reviewed for chief complaint, indication oflocalization on a mammograph, location of the lesion, pathological diagnosis, and complications during and afterthe procedure. RESULTS: Most patients(75%) had no specific complaint. Among the 60 cases, microcalcification,mass and combined lesions were found in 34(57%), 12(20%), and 14 cases(23%), respectively. The most commonlocation of the lesion was the upper outer quadrant(29 cases). A histopathologic report was available in 56 of 60cases. Among 43 benign cases(76.8%), fibrocystic disease was most common(38 cases, 67.9%), while among 13malignant cases, ductal carcinoma was most common(9 cases, 16.1%). In four of 56 cases(7.1%), failure to removethe target lesion was identified. Retrospective analysis suggests that movement of the patient during theprocedure is the most likely cause of failure. There were no major complications. CONCLUSION: Stereotacticlocalization is simple and accurate, and compared with the conventional method, requires less experience on thepart of the practitioner. Movement of the patient during the procedure may be the major cause of failure.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Eighty-five Korean kidney transplant recipients who received three doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine were tested with anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody and neutralizing antibody. High anti-RBD antibody (≥ 100 U/mL) and neutralizing antibody responses (≥ 30%) were detected in 51/85 (60.0%) patients.When we divided the patients with the time from transplantation to vaccination (< 1, 1–2.4, 2.5–4.9, and ≥ 5-year), anti-RBD antibody titers were 3.2 U/mL, 27.8 U/mL, 370.2 U/mL, and 5,094.2 U/mL (P < 0.001) and anti-neutralizing antibody levels were 2.2%, 11.6%, 45.6%, and 93.0% (P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed increased antibody responses when the time from transplantation to vaccination was five years or longer (odds ratio, 12.0; confidence interval, 2.7–52.8). Korean kidney transplant recipients had suboptimal antibody responses after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. A shorter time from transplantation to vaccination was a risk factor for a low antibody response.

BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder cancer has been diagnosed by urine cytology and cystoscopy with biopsy. Recently, in vitro noninvasive diagnostic tests, measuring urinary nuclear matrix protein22(NMP22) and bladder tumor antigen(BTA), were introduced. We analyzed the usefulness of the NMP22 and BTA tests for diagnosing bladder cancer and compared those with voided urine cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single voided urine specimens were obtained from 27 patients with bladder cancer and 23 healthy volunteers. The urine specimens were assayed by enzyme immunoassay(NMP22, Matrietech(R), Newton, MA.) and latex immunoassay(BTA, Bard, USA). Urine cytology was performed in patients with bladder cancer. RESULTS: Mean urinary NMP22 level of patients with bladder cancer(144.6 U/mL) was significantly higher than those of normal controls(2.9 U/mL, P<0.01). The sensitivities were 89% and 74% for NMP22 and BTA tests, respectively, compared with 41% for voided urine cytology. The sensitivities of NMP22 and BTA tests were 88%, 63% at grade 1(G1), 82%, 73% at G2, and 100%, 88% at G3, respectively(P<0.01; NMP22, P=0.580; BTA). According to tumor stage, the sensitivities of NMP22 and BTA tests were both 79% at superficial, and 100% and 69% at invasive cancer, respectively(P=0.110; NMP22, P=0.678; BTA). The sensitivities of urine NMP22 and BTA tests combined with urine cytology were both 96%. In following of transitional cell carcinoma patients, agreement between urine cytology and BTA test was 75%(24/32). Among the various urologic disease, false positive rate for BTA test was 17%(8/47). CONCLUSION: Urinary NMP22 and BTA tests were more sensitive than voided urine cytology regardless of tumor grade and stage, so these noninvasive and simple tests can be used as screening tests for urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Latex ; Mass Screening* ; Nuclear Matrix ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urologic Diseases