PURPOSE: Acute diarrhea in young children is a major problem in pediatric hospitals worldwide. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of orally administered Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. METHODS: From September 2002 to July 2003 at National Police Hospital 41 children aged 3 months to 5 years with acute diarrhea were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomized to one of two groups to receive either 0.5 x 10(8) colony forming unit (CFU) of L. acidophilus or matching placebo on admission and every 8 hours during hospitalization. RESULTS: The mean duration of diarrhea in all 41 children was decreased (p=0.001) in the L. acidophilus (40.5 hours) group compared to the placebo (56.6 hours) group. Stool frequency was also reduced (p=0.01) on the 3rd day in the L. acidophilus group. Rotavirus was identified in 58% of the patients. The decrease of duration of diarrhea was more significant in rotavirus-negative patients (p=0.002) compared to the rotavirus-positive patients (p=0.027). CONCLUSION: L. acidophilus shows to be an effective therapeutic agent in acute diarrhea in children. Further studies are needed to confirm the present findings.
Child* ; Diarrhea* ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Lactobacillus acidophilus* ; Lactobacillus* ; Police ; Probiotics ; Rotavirus ; Stem Cells

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the current attitudes and knowledge toward Koryo Hand Therapy(KHT) by the experienced people. METHOD: The Subjects for this study included 3,351 people living in Korea who experienced KHT. The data were collected from April 6 to November 25, 2004 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed through the SAS 8.1 Windows Program using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results of the study are as follows: 1) Families and relatives were a main source of information about Koryo Hand Therapy. The subjects were very satisfied with therapeutic and preventive effects of the therapy. Sujichim was the most preferable choice in the KHT. Most of the subjects thought that KHT could be applied to modern medicine. 2) Those who experienced KHT had a high level of knowledge and very positive attitudes toward KHT. 3) There were statistically significant differences in the attitude toward KHT according to age, gender, educational level, religion, income, place of residence, marital status and experience which studied KHT. 4) There were significant differences in the knowledge of KHT according to age, educational level, income, marital status and experience which studied KHT. 5) The data showed positive correlation between attitude and knowledge. CONCLUSION: According to the above findings, it can be concluded that KHT needs to be actively informed and more easily approached by general peoples. Nursing protocols of KHT needed to be developed.
Hand* ; History, Modern 1601- ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Nursing Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To study the differenced of bone mineral density according to the gestational ages and the birth weight and get a reference data for the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases in the newborn infants, bone mineral densities of the lumbar vertebrae were measured in fifty-three newborn infants bone at Yeungnam University Hospital from March 1, 1995 to February 28, 1997, whose gestational ages were between 28+3 and 41+3 weeks and who had no intrauterine growth retardation, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (X-R 26, Norland, USA) within seven days of life. 1. There was no sexual difference in bone mineral density. The bone density increased significantly as gestational age increased from 0.149+/-0.009 g/cm2 at 28-30wks to 0.229+/-0.034 g/cm2 at 39-41wks of gestational age (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between bone mineral density at 33-34wks and 35-36wks. There was positive linear correlation netween gestational age and bone mineral density (Y=7.5?10-3X-0.082, r=0.7018, p<0.001). 2. The bone mineral density increased significantly as the birth weight increased from 0.158+/-0.020 g/cm2 in 1,000-1,499 g to 0.251+/-0.021 g/cm2 in 3,500-4,000 g of the birth weight (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between bone mineral densities in 1,000-1,499 g and 1,500-1,999 g of the birth weight. There was positive linear correlation between the birth weight and the bone mineral density (Y=3.9?10-5X+0.093, r=0.7296, p<0.001). There were positive correlations between the bone mineral density and gestational age, and between the bone mineral density and the birth weight. It can be used as a reference data for the further study on the bone mineral metabolism in the newborn infants including preterm babies.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Birth Weight* ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Diagnosis ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Metabolism ; Parturition*

The 45 neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia among 355 neonates who were managed with mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy in NICU of Seoul National University Chhildren's Hospital from January 1, 1968 to December 31, 1991, were analyzed for risk factors and outcome. The results were as follows: 1) The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 12.7% 2) Respiratory Distress Syndrome was most common underlying problem. 3) The common radiologic findings of BPD were peripheral streaky density, emphysematous change, reticular or granular perihilar density, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, bubbly or small cystic change, and pneumothorax. 4) The survival rate of BPD showed 80% in the follow-up study. 5) Retinopathy of prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage were more frequent significantly in the BPD group (p<0.05). 6) The risk factors of BPD were lower birth weight, shorter gestational age, longer duration of oxygen therapy an mechanical ventilation, and the presence of PDA.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Emphysema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Oxygen ; Pneumothorax ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

According to recent studies, the immunogenetic factors are thought to be account for a part of the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. In Korea, there was one report on the relationship between HLA DR5, DR8, B13 and autoimmune thyroid disease. There were also several reports on a familial hereditary transmission of autoimmune thyroid disease in other countries but not in Korea. We describe the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease that affected three members of a family through three generations. This is the first report on familial hereditary transmission of autoimmune thyroid disease in Korea. We report on an 80-year-old woman who presented with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, her 53-year-old daughter who had Graves' disease, and her 29-year-old grand-daughter who had Graves' disease. In order to identify the immunogenetic influence in these cases, HLA haplotypes & thyroid autoantibody were studied. HLA DRB3*02 was obseved in each of the patents. HLA DQB1*0301, DR11, DQB1*05031 and DR14 were observed in the two cases. However, HLA B13, DR5 and DR8 were not observed. The patients are currently undergoing follow-up using PTU, methimazole and synthyroid medication.
Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graves Disease ; Haplotypes ; HLA-B13 Antigen ; Humans ; Immunogenetics ; Korea ; Methimazole ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Family ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Occupational Diseases*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Occupational Diseases*

The purpose of this study was to develop a curriculum for the oriental clinical nurse specialist program based on the understanding of Korean human beings so as to develop nursing as a profession and promote the client's health. The design of this study was based on literature review and nominal group study. The research was managed by East-West Nursing Research Institute of nursing science college at Kyung Hee University. The research team was composed of 17 professors of nursing departments of oriental medical colleges. We obtained opinions from Oriental Nurses Association, Oriental Nursing Research Association, and professors in oriental medical college. We reviewed articles, curriculums of other clinical nurse specialist programs, medical laws and the curriculum development plan for the oriental clinical nurse specialist program from Korean Nurses Association. We discussed a curriculum thoroughly in numerous meetings. We developed a following curriculum: 1. Educational philosophy was founded on the oriental human view which was based on Chun-In union theory. It was founded on the oriental health view which recognized health being in harmony with nature and the balance of body function with the harmony of Yin-Yang in the five elements. In addition, it was founded on oriental nursing view to promote these health states. 2. Educational goals were to train oriental clinical nurse specialists, oriental nursing educators and oriental nursing researchers who developed knowledge of oriental nursing theory, nursing practice and created a leadership. 3. Curriculum consisted of 48 credits, of which 36 credits are based on lectures and laboratory classes and 12 credits are based on clinical practice. 36 credits consisted of 5 general subject credits and 31 core subject credits. General subjects consisted of nursing theory, nursing research, law and ethics. Students who had earned master's degrees are not required to take the general subjects. Core subjects consisted of 11 subjects such as advanced physical examination and laboratory, oriental nursing theory, original text of oriental nursing, oriental medical nursing, oriental pediatric nursing, oriental gynecologic nursing, oriental gerontologic nursing, oriental pharmacology, oriental constitutional nursing, advanced nursing of channels and acupuncture points and laboratory and oriental rehabilitation nursing and laboratory. In addition, clinical practice in a hospital ward, out patient department, herb prepation room, department of physical therapy and health promotion center in oriental medical hospitals for 12 weeks. To admit this program, students should complete prerequisites of introduction to oriental nursing and nursing of channels and acupuncture points. 4. Course contents of each subjects were developed to include the course's goal and objectives and specific items. 5. Evaluation involved lecture, laboratory and in field practice. We applied various evaluation systems and methods that were based on both knowledge and skills of the students to ensure full credibility and validity.
Acupuncture Points ; Curriculum* ; Ethics ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Leadership ; Lectures ; Nurse Clinicians* ; Nursing ; Nursing Research ; Nursing Theory ; Pediatric Nursing ; Pharmacology ; Philosophy ; Physical Examination ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Social Change ; Yin-Yang

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) represents a diverse lymphoproliferative disorder ranging from nonspecific reactive hyperplasia to malignant immunoblastic sarcoma developed in a setting of immunosuppression following organ or cellular transplantation. It is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and high dose immunosuppression. PTLD after renal transplantation was reported at first in adult in Korea in 1997. In children there have been several cases of PTLD after liver transplantation but PTLD after renal transplantation has not been reported. This is a case report of PTLD developed 4 months after renal transplantation in a 9-year-old boy. The major clinical manifestations were fever, multiple lymph nodes enlargement and blood-tinged stool. EBV was detected by in-situ hybridization in the enlarged cervical lymph node and the colonic tissue. Histological examination revealed B-cell lineage. Use of ganciclovir and reduction of the immunosuppression level resulted in complete remission of PTLD. This is the first pediatric case report of PTLD following renal transplantation in Korea.
Adult ; B-Lymphocytes ; Child* ; Colon ; Fever ; Ganciclovir ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Korea ; Liver Transplantation ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Male

BACKGROUND: Gitelman's syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. It is known to be caused by a mutation of SLC12A3 gene coding the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT) in the distal tubule. The defect of NCCT in human renal tissues has not been investigated, and we tested whether the defect of NCCT can be detected in renal tissue of a patient with Gitelman's syndrome by using immunohistochemistry. METHODS: In an adult patient with Gitelman's syndrome, blood and urine samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters. Renal clearance study and gene analysis were performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the renal tissue of the patient using a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion in the amino terminal tail for human NCCT. Normal human renal tissues from surgical nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma and renal biopsy tissues from patients with glomerulonephritis but without any electrolyte disturbance were used as controls. RESULTS: The patient had hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia. Renal clearance study revealed a decrease in distal fractional chloride reabsorption after the administration of furosemide. SLC12A3 gene mutation (S967F) was found by direct sequencing method. Immunohistochemistry showed the absence of NCCT staining in the renal tissue of the patient. On the other hand, the immunostaining of other transporters was all positive in renal tissues from both Gitelman's syndrome patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: We report the absence of intact NCCT in the renal tissue of a Gitelman's syndrome patient.
Adult ; Alkalosis ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Clinical Coding ; Furosemide ; Gitelman Syndrome* ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nephrectomy ; Sodium Chloride Symporters ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3*