The purpose of this study is to analyze ER patient's Triage and other statistical data. The subjects were 12,618 patients who visited the ER during the year 1998. The study showed the following results; 1. The male vs female ratio was 1.3 : 1.0, the male were in the majority (56.6%), and the age range of 20-29 old was the majority (15.3). The patients who visited ER at 8-10 pm were the majority (11.5%). On Sunday the number of patients who visited the ER were 2,189, and the majority were 17.4%. On Saturday the number of patients was visited the ER were 1,944 patients the second majority (15.4%). Their traffic means : the general passenger cars (75.5%), 119 or hospital ambulance (11.3%). 2. The reasons of visiting ER were : diseases (59.2%), injuries (23.7%). The disease vs injury ratio was 100 : 69. 3. Triage : urgent 40.7%, non-urgent 38.2%, acute 17.8%, and critical 3.2%. 4. The time of waiting and staying in the ER by the Triaget: the average time was 572 minutes (9.53 hrs.). The majority of critical patients (20.5%), acute patients (24.7%) and urgent patients (21.2%) stayed 12-24 hrs., but the majority of non-emergent (27.8%) stayed not longer than one hour. 5. Treatments by the Triage : the 42.9% of critical patients, and 61.3% of acute patients, 57.5% of urgent patients were admitted. But 91.8% of the non-emergents were discharged and 4.7% was admitted. Mortality of total ER visiter were 1.7%. DAA portion was 0.86%. 26.6% of the critical patients were DAA. DAA vs DOA ratio was 1.3 : 1.0. 6. Visiting time, monthly and seasonal distribution by the Triage : the majority of critical patients (12.2%), visited 10-12 am. The majority of acute (12.9%) and urgent (11.7%) visited 4-6 pm, but the majority of non-emergents (15.1%) visited during 8-10 pm. Autumn visiter were the majority (27.6%). The percentage of non-emergent visited in Spring was 41.4% and Autumn was 41.3%. The percentage of urgents who visited in the Summer was 45.3% and the Winter was 40.4%. By clinical departments: the 48.0% of critical patients was NS. The 45.5% of acute and the 33.6% of urgent patients were IM. But the majority of non-emergent patients was PS (21.2%), and the second majority of non-emergent patients was oral Surgery (12.8%).
Ambulances ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Seasons ; Surgery, Oral ; Triage*

Medical record of 66 eyes which had undergone pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy were reviewed to study their clinical features, incidences and types of complications, visual outcome, and visual prognostic factors. The final visual outcome showed the improvement in 50[76%] eyes, no change in 13[20%]eyes, and the worsening in 3[4%] eyes. Preoperative prognostic factors favoring final visual acuity included the followings:1]insulin dependent diabetes mellitus which developed before 30 years of age, 2]absence of iris neovascularization, 3]absence of tractional macular detachment. Postoperative complications included vitreous hemorrhage in 34[52%]eyes, cataract in 12[19%]eyes, increased intraocular pressure in 6[10%]eyes, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 4[6%]eyes, choroidal effusion in 3[5%]eyes, corneal epithelial defect in 2[3%]eyes, neovascular glaucoma in 1[2%] eye. Postoperative complications associated with poor visual outcome were rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and neovascular glaucoma.Intraoperative complication of iatrogenic retinal tear did not seem to deteriorate the final visual acuity.
Cataract ; Choroid ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Medical Records ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Traction ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

The subjects, under 18 old, 2,694 children who visited ER during 199H, were surveyed by the Triage and other statical data. The results were as follows : 1. The male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1, and the toddler(1-4 old) was the majority. 2. Triage : critical 1.3%, acute 14.6%, urgent 29.5%, nonemergent 54.6%. 3. The reasons of visiting ER : 1) The children had diseases(46.5%), injury (36.9%), TA(5.6%) and toxication(1.0%). 2) In diseases, male to female ratio was 1.5 : 1 and in injury, male to female was 2 : 1. 3) Among the children having in TA, 12-18 old groups was the majority(34.9%). 4. The time of visiting ; the 20 : 00-22 : 00 was the majority(16.9%). 5. By monthly and seasonal distribution ; Jan. (9.7%?), Mar. and May(9%) respectively, Dec. and July(6.7%) respectively. The children who visited ER in spring and autumn showed higher portion than those of summer and winter. 6. Results : admission(27.4%), discharge(68.4%), operations(2.8%), and DOA and DAA(0.4%). The mortality of the infancy and toddler groups was 83.3%. The infancy group showed the highest rate of admission. 7. The time of staying in ER : 1-2 hrs was the major group(23.3%) and the average was 4.6 hours. 8. By clinical departments ; Ped, was 34.4%, PS was 20.8.%, Dental Surgery was 10.3% and Dermatology was 0.9%. 9. The types of visiting : the group who visited by themselves was 80%, transfer from the primary and secondary clinic was 17% and OPD was 3.0%. 10. The traffic means ; by the own cars and taxi were 87.6%, by hospital ambulance was 6.1% and by 119 ambulance was 4.3%.
Ambulances ; Child* ; Dermatology ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Seasons ; Triage* ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Ferritins* ; Kidney Transplantation*

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a useful bacterial infection biomarker with the potential for guiding antibiotic therapy. We evaluated the concordance of three automated PCT immunoassays: Kryptor (BRAHMS GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany), Atellica IM 1600 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Munich, Germany), and Cobas e801 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). In 119 serum samples with a PCT concentration < 5.00 μg/L, Kryptor (reference assay) was compared with the other two immunoassays by Spearman’s rank correlation, regression analysis, and concordance at two antibiotic stewardship medical decision points: 0.25 and 0.50 μg/L. The Atellica IM 1600 and Cobas e801 results showed high correlations with those of Kryptor, with correlation coefficient (ρ) values of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. However, negative biases were observed in both immunoassays (slope/y-intercept: 0.75/–0.00 for Atellica IM 1600; 0.88/–0.01 for Cobas e801). Atellica IM 1600 and Cobas e801 demonstrated excellent concordance with Kryptor at both medical decision points, with linearly weighted κ values of 0.90 and 0.92, respectively, despite discrepancies, which were more prominent at the 0.25 μg/L medical decision point. Based on these biases and discrepancies, the alternate use of different PCT immunoassays in repeat examinations is inadvisable. Standardization is required before comparing the results of different PCT immunoassays.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess the influence exerted by the observer's dental specialization and compare patients' opinion with observers' opinion of the esthetics of maxillary single-tooth implants in the esthetic zone. METHODS: Forty-one adult patients, who were treated with a single implant in the esthetic zone, were enrolled in this study. Eight observers (2 periodontists, 2 prosthodontists, 2 orthodontists and 2 senior dental students) applied the pink esthetic score (PES)/white esthetic score (WES) to 41 implant-supported single restorations twice with an interval of 4 weeks. We used a visual analog scale (VAS) to assess the patient's satisfaction with the treatment outcome from an esthetic point of view. RESULTS: In the PES/WES, very good and moderate intraobserver agreements were noted between the first and second rating. The mean total PES/WES was 11.19 +/- 3.59. The mean PES was 5.17 +/- 2.29 and mean WES was 6.02 +/- 1.96. In the total PES/WES, the difference between the groups was not significant. However, in the WES, the difference between the groups was significant and prosthodontists were found to have assigned poorer ratings than the other groups. Periodontists gave higher ratings than prosthodontists and senior dental students. Orthodontists were clearly more critical than the other observers. The statistical analysis revealed statistically significant correlation between patients' esthetic perception and dentists' perception of the anterior tooth. However, the correlation between the total PES/WES and the VAS score for the first premolar was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The PES/WES is an objective tool in rating the esthetics of implant supported single crowns and adjacent soft tissues. Orthodontists were the most critical observers, while periodontists were more generous than other observers. The statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between patients' esthetic perception and dentists' perception of the anterior tooth.
Adult ; Bicuspid ; Crowns ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Esthetics ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Students, Dental ; Tooth ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Lip* ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar*

Clear cell meningioma is a recently recognized variant of meningiomas. We present a case of a 47-year old man with clear cell meningioma which involved right cerebellar hemisphere. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3(34cm sized well enhanced round nodular lesion with mild mass effect. He underwent suboccipital craniectomy with a successful total removal of the tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first report of clear cell meningioma in our country.
Glycogen ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility of MR spectroscopy in the living human liver, and to evaluate thecorresponding proton MR spectroscopic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In fifteen normal volunteers with neitherprevious nor present liver disease the proton MR spectroscopic findings were reviewed. Twelve subjects were maleand three were female ; they were aged between 28 and 32 (mean, 30) years. MR spectroscopy involved the use of a1.5T GE Signa Horizon system with body coil (GE Medical System, Milwaukee, U.S.A). We used STEAM (STimulatedEcho-Aquisition Mode) with 3000/30 msec of TR/TE for signal acquisition, and the prone position withoutrespiratory interruption. Mean and standard deviation of the ratios of glutamate + glutamine/lipids,phosphomonoesters/ lipids, and glycogen + glucose/lipids were calculated from the area of their peaks. RESULTS:The proton MR spectroscopic findings of normal human livers showed four distinctive peaks, i.e. lipids, glutamateand glutamine complex, phosphomonoesters, and glycogen and glucose complex. The mean and standard deviation of theratios of glutamate + glutamine/lipids, phosphomonoesters/lipids, and glycogen + glucose/lipids were 0.02 +/- 0.01,0.01 +/- 0.01, and 0.04 +/- 0.03, respectively. CONCLUSION: In living normal human livers, MR spectroscopy can besuccessfully applied. When applied to a liver whose condition is pathologic, the findings can be used as astandard.
Female ; Glucose ; Glutamic Acid ; Glutamine ; Glycogen ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans* ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Prone Position ; Protons* ; Steam