The Jinyang Lake is dammed up Nam River, and surrounded by Jinju city and four counties; Jinyang, Sanchong, Hadong, and Sachon in Kyongsang-Nam-Do, Korea. The area around this man-made lake have been known as an endemic focus of clonorchiasis in Korea. The present study was first aimed to know the distribution of freshwater mollusks including medically important snails, and larval trematodes shed from Parafossarulus manchouricus and Semisulcospira libertina. In addtion to above studies, water analyses in each snail habitat were carried out in order to figure out a part of their environmental factors. This malaco-ecological survey was done at the six areas around upper, middle and lower parts of the lake for 4 months, August-November, 1983. Total nine species of freshwater mollusks were collected throughout the study: 4 species of gastropods; Semisulcospira libertina, Cipangopaludina chinensis, Parafossarulus manchouricus and Radix auricularia, and 5 species of bivalves; Unio douglasiae, Anodonta woodiana, Lamprotula gottschei, Corbicula fluminea and Limnoperma lucustris. Out of nine species of freshwater mollusks, three species of gastropods; S. libertina, P. manchouricus and R. auricularia were medically important in terms of the transmission of digenetic trematodes to humans. P. manchouricus and R. auricularia were mainly collected from the shallow ponds and the irrigation channels with the muddy basin, but S. libertina and the bivalves were only collected from the stream of Nam river where the gravels and rocks were dominant. The levels of dissolved oxygen(D.O.) and biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.(5)) of the water specimens sampled from the study areas ranged from 6.0 to 9.6 ppm and from 0.4 to 1.6 ppm respectively. As a result, it is considered that water system around the Jinyang Lake might be relatively clean without any heavy pollution of aquatic microorganisms and organic materials during the period of this study. On the other hand, eight metalic constituents from the water samples were also assayed, and all metalic ions detected were remarkably low below the legal criteria. However, calcium ion in the water samples from the habitats of P. manchouricus was considerably higher than others. Infection rates of digenetic trematodes in the snails were 6.9 percent in P. manchouricus and 4.8 poercent in S. libertina, respectively. P. manchouricus snails harboring with the cercariae of Clonorchis sinensis were only 0.14 percent among the snails examined and other trematode cercariae except cercaria of C. sinensis were; furcocercus cercariae, cercaria of Loxogenes liberum type I and II. S. libertina snails parasitized with the cercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai were 1.5 percent out of the snails examined and no cercaria of Paragonimus westermani was found in S. libertina snails in the present study. Digenetic trematode cercariae other then M. yokogawai in S. libertina snails were: Cercaria yoshidae (B type), Cercaria cristata, Cercaria innominatum, Cercaria of Centrocestus formosanus and Cercaria nipponensis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Loxogenes liberum ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; Centrocestus formosanus ; Cercaria cristata ; Cercaria innominatum ; Cercaria nipponensis ; epidemiology ; Parafossarulus manchouricus ; Semisulcospira libertina ; Radix auricularia

Recently, continuous epidural catheter insertion is common practice not only in anesthesia but also in pain clinic. Meningitis is rare but serious complication of epidural analgesia. Acute bacterial meningitis occurred in a 82-year-old female patient with thoracic herpes zoster after continuous thoracic epidural analgeia. An MRI of thoracic region did not show an epidural abscess or granulation tissue. Gram stain and culture of the epidural catheter tip and the CSF yielded Staphylococcus aureus. Immediate treatment with antibiotics and supportive therapy was instituted and then the patient discharged without neurologic sequalae.
Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Epidural Abscess ; Female ; Granulation Tissue ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial* ; Pain Clinics ; Staphylococcus aureus

No abstract available.
Giant Cell Arteritis*

The purpose of this study was to identify how students majoring in nursing perceive cause of cancers and the effects of diet for preventing cancers. Data for the study were collected by 651 nursing students, who were registered in the second and third year in three technical colleges and third and fourth year in two universities. The research instruments included items on general characteristics of subjects, items about the degree of perception of the frequency of cancer onset and items on the perception of mortality, risk factors, preventive diets, knowledge, and high risk factor for cancer in specific body areas. The findings of this study are as follows : 1. Almost all subjects(92.8%) reported that the frequency of cancer onset increases and that it is 93.9% for people over 40. Degree of perception about cancer mortality was low at 33.0%. 2. As far as the perception of risk factors for cancer onset was concerned, smoking, stress, heredity, family history, and alcohol were rated high, over 80.0%. Risk factor in clouding, virus, hormones, pesticides were rated as low. 3. As to the perception of risk factor for body area as associated with diet salted and scorched food were rated at 44.5% for stomach cancer, alcohol, 50.4% for liver cancer, smoking, 72.8% for lung cancer, pregnancy times, 25.3%, and marriage age, 23.0% for uterine cancer, and no delivery experience, 40% for breast cancer. 4. The knowledge score for cancer was between 12 and 36, with a mean score of 26.75(SD=4.13). There was a statistically significant difference between experience in caring for cancer patients during clinical practice and knowledge score(t=3.09, p=.002).
Breast Neoplasms ; Diet* ; Heredity ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Marriage ; Mortality ; Nursing* ; Pesticides ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Students, Nursing ; Uterine Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop and evaluate an algorithm-based simulation scenario for emergency measures for high-risk newborns presenting with apnea. METHODS: A one shot case study design was used to evaluate the algorithm-based simulation scenario. Effects of the developed simulation scenario were evaluated using the Simulation Effectiveness Tool (SET) and the Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric (LCJR). From March to November 137 senior nursing students completed the simulation using this scenario. RESULTS: The eight-frame simulation scenario was developed based on the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) and the nursing clinical judgment process. After use of the scenario, overall scores for SET and LCJR were 21.0 out of 26.0 and 32.4 out of 44.0 respectively. There were no significant differences in scores according to general characteristics. Positive correlation coefficients were identified among overall and subcategories of SET and LCJR. In addition, students provided positive feedback on the simulation experience. CONCLUSION: Considering that nursing students have limited access to high-risk newborns during their clinical experience and that newborns presenting apnea are common in the neonatal intensive care unit, the simulation scenario developed in this study is expected to provide nursing students with more opportunities to practice emergency measures for high-risk newborns.
Apnea* ; Education, Nursing ; Emergencies* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Judgment ; Nursing ; Pediatric Nursing ; Resuscitation ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop and evaluate an algorithm-based simulation scenario for emergency measures for high-risk newborns presenting with apnea. METHODS: A one shot case study design was used to evaluate the algorithm-based simulation scenario. Effects of the developed simulation scenario were evaluated using the Simulation Effectiveness Tool (SET) and the Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric (LCJR). From March to November 137 senior nursing students completed the simulation using this scenario. RESULTS: The eight-frame simulation scenario was developed based on the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) and the nursing clinical judgment process. After use of the scenario, overall scores for SET and LCJR were 21.0 out of 26.0 and 32.4 out of 44.0 respectively. There were no significant differences in scores according to general characteristics. Positive correlation coefficients were identified among overall and subcategories of SET and LCJR. In addition, students provided positive feedback on the simulation experience. CONCLUSION: Considering that nursing students have limited access to high-risk newborns during their clinical experience and that newborns presenting apnea are common in the neonatal intensive care unit, the simulation scenario developed in this study is expected to provide nursing students with more opportunities to practice emergency measures for high-risk newborns.
Apnea* ; Education, Nursing ; Emergencies* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Judgment ; Nursing ; Pediatric Nursing ; Resuscitation ; Students, Nursing

Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) is a rare condition which mainly affects the hip area. The etiology and pathogenesis of BMES is still unclear. Pain near the affected area, regional osteoporosis, bone marrow edema (identified using magnetic resonance imaging) and spontaneous regression within 6-12 months are the main characteristics of BMES. In this case, a 52-year-old male was diagnosed with BMES of the right hip followed by spontaneous subsiding of symptoms. After 3 years, and under nearly the same social and physical conditions, he was admitted again with newly developed left hip pain and again diagnosed with BMES. We report this rare case since a similar one has not been previously reported in the domestic literature and may be considered valuable for basic research relating to the pathogenesis of BMES.
Bone Marrow* ; Edema* ; Femur Head ; Head* ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis

The caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (medullary dorsal horn; MDH) receives direct inputs from small diameter primary afferent fibers that predominantly transmit nociceptive information in the orofacial region. Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in persistent pain, primarily through spinal mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) system, a known generator of superoxide anion (O₂(·−)), on membrane excitability in the rat MDH neurons. For this, we used patch clamp recording and confocal imaging. An application of X/XO (300 µM/30 mU) induced membrane depolarization and inward currents. When slices were pretreated with ROS scavengers, such as phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, X/XO-induced responses decreased. Fluorescence intensity in the DCF-DA and DHE-loaded MDH cells increased on the application of X/XO. An anion channel blocker, 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS), significantly decreased X/XO-induced depolarization. X/XO elicited an inward current associated with a linear current-voltage relationship that reversed near −40 mV. X/XO-induced depolarization reduced in the presence of La³⁺, a nonselective cation channel (NSCC) blocker, and by lowering the external sodium concentration, indicating that membrane depolarization and inward current are induced by influx of Na⁺ ions. In conclusion, X/XO-induced ROS modulate the membrane excitability of MDH neurons, which was related to the activation of NSCC.
Animals ; Catalase ; Facial Pain ; Fluorescence ; Ions ; Membranes ; Neurons* ; Oxidoreductases ; Posterior Horn Cells* ; Rats* ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Sodium ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn* ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides ; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal ; Xanthine Oxidase

While glutamate, a key neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is fundamental to neuronal viability and normal brain function, its excessive accumulation leads to oxidative stress, contributing to neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of β-lapachone (β-Lap), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, on glutamate-induced injury in HT22 cells and explored the underlying mechanism involved. Our results show that β-Lap significantly improved cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, β-Lap exhibited a significant antioxidant activity, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and restoring glutathione levels. The antioxidant capacity of β-Lap was further demonstrated through 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Western blot analysis revealed that β-Lap upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and promoted the phosphorylation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and cAMP response elementbinding protein (CREB), which were downregulated by glutamate. Furthermore, β-Lap enhanced the cellular antioxidant molecules, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In conclusion, β-Lap can protect HT22 cells against glutamate-induced injury by activating the BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB and ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways, suggesting its therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.

While glutamate, a key neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is fundamental to neuronal viability and normal brain function, its excessive accumulation leads to oxidative stress, contributing to neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of β-lapachone (β-Lap), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, on glutamate-induced injury in HT22 cells and explored the underlying mechanism involved. Our results show that β-Lap significantly improved cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, β-Lap exhibited a significant antioxidant activity, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and restoring glutathione levels. The antioxidant capacity of β-Lap was further demonstrated through 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Western blot analysis revealed that β-Lap upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and promoted the phosphorylation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and cAMP response elementbinding protein (CREB), which were downregulated by glutamate. Furthermore, β-Lap enhanced the cellular antioxidant molecules, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In conclusion, β-Lap can protect HT22 cells against glutamate-induced injury by activating the BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB and ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways, suggesting its therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.