No Abstract Available.
Amblyopia*

Pilomatrixoma, a rare benign tumor which consists of basophils and shadow cells, has not been reported in Korea. It originates from a hair follicle and occurs commonly on eyelids and the eyebrow in children and young adults. We expoerienced a 7 year-old male who had a progressive growing palpable mass on the upper eyelid. The systemic steroid was administrated under the impression of hemangioma, but there was no effect. So, the mass was exploratorily excised and confirmed as pilomatrixoma by pathologic examinations. We present a case of pilomatrixoma on the upper eyelid in a child.
Basophils ; Child ; Eyebrows ; Eyelids* ; Hair Follicle ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
DNA, Recombinant* ; Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Yeasts*

Asteroid hyalitis is an uncommon condition in which small, solid, stellate, spherical or disk-shaped bodies are suspended in a substantially normal vitreous. The opacities occurs in strands or as discrete bodies without orderly arrangement. These move when the eyes move but always return to their original position. The authors experienced one case of asteroid hyalitis associated with arteriosclerosis and hypertension. so we report this with brief review of the literature.
Arteriosclerosis ; Hypertension

Dacryocystography has been widely used in the assessment of the lacrimal passage system, particularly in patients with epiphora. The site of obstruction and presence of fistulas, tumors, diverticula, or calculi can be evaluated, so that therapy can be accurately planned. It has been reported by other authors about the results of dacryocystography in Korea, but there were not enough subjects to study. A retrospective study has been carried out on 171 patients(194 eyes) who have undergone dacryocystography for epiphora at Kangbuk Samsung hospital from December 1992 to June 1993, to assess age, sex, duration of epiphora, previous treatments, incidence rate of obstruction site of the lacrimal system, causes of lacrimal obstruction. The incidence rate of lacrimal system obstruction on dacryocystography was 172 eyes(88.7%). The most common site of obstruction was nasolacrimal duct(107 eyes, 55.2%) and then inferior canaliculus(30 eye, 15.5%), lacrimal sac(18 eyes, 9.3%) and common canaliculus(17 eyes, 8.8%). The most common cause of obstruction was unknown(89 eyes, 51.7%), and then chronic dacryocystitis (45 eyes, 26.2%), congenital(14 eyes, 8.1 %).
Calculi ; Dacryocystitis ; Diverticulum ; Fistula ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To find clinical factors related to the long-term outcome of binocularity in accommodative esotropia. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with accommodative esotropia who were followed over 5 years after successful optical alignment within 8 prism diopters of orthophoria at near and distance with glasses including bifocals were included. The patients who had stereo acuity better than 50 seconds/arc and central fusion without suppression scotoma at the final visit were divided into the bifoveal fusion group and the others were divided into the peripheral fusion group. Clinical factors were analyzed between the two groups (Chi-square test, student t-test). RESULTS: Of the 49 patients, 15 patients were included in the bifoveal fusion group and 34 patients were included in peripheral fusion group. Mean follow-up was 88.9 +/- 25.4 months. Clinical factors that were significantly related to the bifoveal fusion group were older age of onset, shorter duration of misalignment, intermittent esotropia at the initial visit and after initial optical correction, smaller residual deviations at distance after initial optical correction and at the final visit, and lesser amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: To obtain better levels of long-term binocularity, optical correction should be done as early as possible, before the presence of constant eye misalignment or amblyopia, and the residual esodeviations after optical correction should be kept as small as possible.
Age of Onset ; Amblyopia ; Esotropia* ; Eyeglasses ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass ; Humans ; Scotoma ; Telescopes*

We analyzed 52 monocular amblyopia patients, who had never taken amblyopia treatment previously and been followed up more than 3 months after terminating treatment of amblyopiam, about clinical features of monocular amblyopia and factors associated with treatment of amblyopia. Strabismus was the most common cause of monocular amblyopia, followed by anisometropia and visual deprivation in that order. But the average period of treatment was longest in visual deprivation amblyopia, followed by strabismic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia. In strabismic amblyopia, the greater the prism diopter, the longer the period of treatment taken. In anisometropic amblyopia, the greater the difference of corrected visual acuity, the longer the period of treatment taken.
Amblyopia* ; Anisometropia ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To investigate the degree and sources of stress which fathers of infants in NICU experience. METHOD: Eighty-five fathers of NICU infants at 5 university hospitals in Seoul volunteered to complete the Parental Stressor Scale for NICU (PSS: NICU) from September 1, to October 15, 2002. RESULTS: Total perceived stress was 3.50+/-0.76. The highest score were in Parental Role Alteration (3.76+/-0.83) and Appearance and Behavior (3.65+/-1.04). The total perceived stress score (PSS), correlated significantly with method (t=3.50, p=.01), and route (F=5.30, p=.00) of feeding. Light & Sound correlated significantly with birth weight (F=3.39, p=.02), medical diagnosis(F=2.30, p=.03), plan of operation(t=2.50, p=.01), operation (t=3.80, p=.02), method (F=4.90, p=.003), and route (F=4.70, p=.00) of feeding. Infant Appearance and Behavior correlated significantly with birth weight (F=5.12, p=.01), plan of operation (t=2.50, p=.01), method (F=3.50, p=.01), and route (F=7.80, p=.00) of feeding. Parental Role Alteration correlated significantly with care of incubator (t=-.68, p=.03), method of feeding (F=2.80, p=.04) and education level of father (F=3.00, p=.05). CONCLUSION: Father with NICU infants were concerned mostly with parental role alteration and infant appearance. Nursing intervention should include fathers of NICU infants.
Birth Weight ; Education ; Fathers* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Incubators ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Nursing ; Parents ; Seoul ; Child Health

We reviewed 20 cases for the surgical effect of the vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscle for AV syndrome without significant oblique dysfuction. We performed vertical tranposition of the horizontal rectus muscle with standard recession and resection procedure and followed up at least six months. Sixteen cases were V syndrome and four cases were A syndrome. Medial rectus was moved toward the apex of the A or V, and the lateral rectus was moved to the opposite side of the apex of the A or V. The amount of transposition was adjusted according to the amount of vertical incomitance. If the vertical incomitance was 10delta, 15delta, 20deltaand 25delta, vertical transposition of rectus muscle was 1/4 TW[tendon width], 1/2 TW, 3/4 TW amd 1 TW, respectively. We achieved an average of 12.9deltareduction by 1/4 TW transposition, 14.4deltareduction by 1/2 TW transposition, 13.3delta reduction by 3/4 TW transposition, 19.0deltareduction by 1 TW transposition. We also achieved an average of 5.2delta/mm effect by 1/4 TW transposition, 2.9delta/mm effect by 1/2 TW transposition, 2.4 delta/mm effect by 3/4 TW transposition, 1.9delta/mm effect by 1 TW transposition. The vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscle for AV syndrome without significant oblique dysfuction showed good result and the amount of correction per mm of vertical transposition seemed to decrease as the amount of transposition increased, even though the total amount of correction showed a trend toward increasing [Fig.1, 2].
Muscles*

Since Helmholtz discovered the ophthalmoscope in 1851, normal fundus has been possible to be observed. The findings of the optic disk and retinal vessels in the fundus are of great importance in the evaluation of intraocular diseases and systemic diseases(especially intracranial problems). The shape of the optic disk and retinal vessels have been described by many investigators. Direct ophthalmoscopy was performed on 800 normal eyes(400 persons) to evaluate following aspects; (1) The shape of the optic disk. (2) The distribution of the central retinal artery. (3) The origin of the C.R.A. from the disk. (4) The number of disk in accordance with three different shape of physiological cups. (5) The relationship between (1) and (2) (6) The relationship between (2) and (3). (7) The relationship between (2) and (4). The following results were obtained. 1. The shape of the optic disk. 1) The 353 eyes(44.13%) were round, and the 318 eyes(39.75%), vertically oval. 2) In the 289 persons(72.25%) the shape of the optic disk were same in both eyes. 2. The classification of the optic disk based on branching of the C.R.A. 1) The 425 eyes(53.13%) had symmetric distribution, and the 285 eyes(35.63%) had nasa1temporal up distribution. And at least one of the main branches of the C.R.A. passed by nasal side of the optic disk in every eye. 2) In the 215 persons(53.75%), the distribution of the C.R.A. were same in both eyes. 3. The origin of the C.R.A. in the optic disk. 1) The 411 eyes(51.38%) had their origin in the nasal center, and the 326 eyes(40.75%) in the center, And none of the eyes had their origin in temporal side. 2) In the 284 persons(71.00%) the origin of the C.R.A. were same in both eyes. 4. The physiological cupping of the optic disk. 1) Most of the eyes(634 eyes; 79.25%) had the optic disk of type A(C/D ratio< or =0.3 and located in the center). 2) The 365 persons(91.25%) had same disk in their both eyes. And the difference of C/D ratio between both eyes was less than 0.2 in 99.75%. 5. The relationship between the shape of the optic disk and the distribution of the branches of the C.R.A. was not significant statistically. 6. The nasal-temporal down distribution(Class 6) of the C.RA. appeared more when the C.R.A, originated from the nasal down than when it originated form the nasal center. 7. The nasal distribution(Class 1) of the C.R.A. appeared more in the cases of the type A than in the cases of type B which had medium or large optic cup and locakd in the center or slightly displaced to the temporal side.
Classification ; Humans ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Optic Disk* ; Research Personnel ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Vessels* ; Retinaldehyde*