No Abstract Available.
Amblyopia*

Pilomatrixoma, a rare benign tumor which consists of basophils and shadow cells, has not been reported in Korea. It originates from a hair follicle and occurs commonly on eyelids and the eyebrow in children and young adults. We expoerienced a 7 year-old male who had a progressive growing palpable mass on the upper eyelid. The systemic steroid was administrated under the impression of hemangioma, but there was no effect. So, the mass was exploratorily excised and confirmed as pilomatrixoma by pathologic examinations. We present a case of pilomatrixoma on the upper eyelid in a child.
Basophils ; Child ; Eyebrows ; Eyelids* ; Hair Follicle ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
DNA, Recombinant* ; Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Yeasts*

Dacryocystography has been widely used in the assessment of the lacrimal passage system, particularly in patients with epiphora. The site of obstruction and presence of fistulas, tumors, diverticula, or calculi can be evaluated, so that therapy can be accurately planned. It has been reported by other authors about the results of dacryocystography in Korea, but there were not enough subjects to study. A retrospective study has been carried out on 171 patients(194 eyes) who have undergone dacryocystography for epiphora at Kangbuk Samsung hospital from December 1992 to June 1993, to assess age, sex, duration of epiphora, previous treatments, incidence rate of obstruction site of the lacrimal system, causes of lacrimal obstruction. The incidence rate of lacrimal system obstruction on dacryocystography was 172 eyes(88.7%). The most common site of obstruction was nasolacrimal duct(107 eyes, 55.2%) and then inferior canaliculus(30 eye, 15.5%), lacrimal sac(18 eyes, 9.3%) and common canaliculus(17 eyes, 8.8%). The most common cause of obstruction was unknown(89 eyes, 51.7%), and then chronic dacryocystitis (45 eyes, 26.2%), congenital(14 eyes, 8.1 %).
Calculi ; Dacryocystitis ; Diverticulum ; Fistula ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To find clinical factors related to the long-term outcome of binocularity in accommodative esotropia. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with accommodative esotropia who were followed over 5 years after successful optical alignment within 8 prism diopters of orthophoria at near and distance with glasses including bifocals were included. The patients who had stereo acuity better than 50 seconds/arc and central fusion without suppression scotoma at the final visit were divided into the bifoveal fusion group and the others were divided into the peripheral fusion group. Clinical factors were analyzed between the two groups (Chi-square test, student t-test). RESULTS: Of the 49 patients, 15 patients were included in the bifoveal fusion group and 34 patients were included in peripheral fusion group. Mean follow-up was 88.9 +/- 25.4 months. Clinical factors that were significantly related to the bifoveal fusion group were older age of onset, shorter duration of misalignment, intermittent esotropia at the initial visit and after initial optical correction, smaller residual deviations at distance after initial optical correction and at the final visit, and lesser amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: To obtain better levels of long-term binocularity, optical correction should be done as early as possible, before the presence of constant eye misalignment or amblyopia, and the residual esodeviations after optical correction should be kept as small as possible.
Age of Onset ; Amblyopia ; Esotropia* ; Eyeglasses ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass ; Humans ; Scotoma ; Telescopes*

We assessed the best method for preschool vision screening using four visual acuity charts. The subjects were 162 childrens(324 eyes), who were divided into all aged group(162 childrens), 3-year-old group(58 childrens), 4-year-old group(58 childrens) and 5-year-old group(46 childrens), We compared Hahn's test, HOTV test, Allen figures and E test by measuring the time required for test, the percentage of children testable with each chart, visual acuity score and consistency of score. There was no significant differences among the time of each group(p>0.05). Visual acuity score with Hahn's test was lower than that of the rest 3 tests in all aged group and 3-year-old group(p<0.05). The percentage of children testable with Hahn's test was lower than that with the other tests(p<0.05). For assessing the consistency, analysis of variance was used. E test was more variable than the other test and Allen figures showed most consistency than the other tests(p<0.05). In young chidren, there were some difficulties in measuring visual acuity with Hahn's test, and the E test caused variable results because of difficulty in distinguishing the left-right orientation, but relatively Allen figures showed consistency, high visual acuity and testability in all groups.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Vision Screening* ; Visual Acuity*

Tono-pne and Perkins tonometer have been widely accepted to measure the intraocular pressure(IOP) of children under the general anesthesia because of their portability. We evaluated the difference of IOP between two devices and the IOP variability in 39 children(77 eyes) under age 13 who had undergone surgery for strabismus or entropin under the general anesthesia. One observer measured the IOP three times alternately, and the order of measurement was randomized. Only 5% of Tono-pens coefficient of variance was considered valuable. The range of Tono-pen IOPs was 9~22mmHg, and the average was 15.41+/-3.23mmHg. The range of Perkins IOPs was 4~20 mmHg, with the average of 12.47+/-3.31mmHg. The difference between two methods on average was 2.94mmHg. Tono-pen IOPs were significantly greater than those recorded by Perkins tonometer, but both were within normal range. The IOP variability was not significantly different between two devices. Therefore both methods can be applied effectively in a clinical setting after sedation or general anesthesia of uncooperative children.
Anesthesia, General* ; Child* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Reference Values ; Strabismus

Joubert syndrome is the very rare autosomal recessive disorder which is including agenesis of cerebellar vermis, respiratory discomfort, ocular motor apraxia, hereditary retinal dystrophy, ataxia and developmental retardation. To diagnose, the findings of electroretinography and visual evoked potential study can be useful and hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis in brain MRI can make certain diagnosis. We found ocular motor apraxia without head thrusts in 4-month little baby can't even control his head and neck, and then his electroretinography and visual evoked potential study was normal and there was agenesis of cerebellar vermis by MRI finding. So he was diagnosed as Joubert syndrome with ocular motor apraxia. Agenesis of cerebellar vermis is considered to be one of the causes of oculomotor apraxia, and the clinical presentation varies with the age and motor development of the child. So, we describe this case with a brief review of the literatures related to this disease.
Apraxias* ; Ataxia ; Brain ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Electroretinography ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Head* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Retinal Dystrophies

We analyzed 52 monocular amblyopia patients, who had never taken amblyopia treatment previously and been followed up more than 3 months after terminating treatment of amblyopiam, about clinical features of monocular amblyopia and factors associated with treatment of amblyopia. Strabismus was the most common cause of monocular amblyopia, followed by anisometropia and visual deprivation in that order. But the average period of treatment was longest in visual deprivation amblyopia, followed by strabismic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia. In strabismic amblyopia, the greater the prism diopter, the longer the period of treatment taken. In anisometropic amblyopia, the greater the difference of corrected visual acuity, the longer the period of treatment taken.
Amblyopia* ; Anisometropia ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

Asteroid hyalitis is an uncommon condition in which small, solid, stellate, spherical or disk-shaped bodies are suspended in a substantially normal vitreous. The opacities occurs in strands or as discrete bodies without orderly arrangement. These move when the eyes move but always return to their original position. The authors experienced one case of asteroid hyalitis associated with arteriosclerosis and hypertension. so we report this with brief review of the literature.
Arteriosclerosis ; Hypertension