A case of intraepithelial epithelioma involving the corneal limbus at 3 to 9 o'clock directions spreading broadly over to the pupillary margin and bulbar conjunctiva is presented. As the intraepithelial epithelioma is one of rare tumor and it is needed to be listed for differential diagnosis with pterygium, leukoplakia, pannus and nutritional deficiency etc. The tumor mass was removed successfully by resection method and diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically.
Carcinoma* ; Conjunctiva ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Leukoplakia ; Limbus Corneae ; Malnutrition ; Pterygium

PURPOSE: Ureteral duplication is a relatively common congenital urinary tract abnormality that can be associated with various clinical problems such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), hydronephrosis, and ectopic ureters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with recently diagnosed ureteral duplication and to identify any differences from those described in previous reports.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics and course of pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ureteral duplication between January 2008 and June 2017.RESULTS: A total of 32 pediatric patients were diagnosed with ureteral duplication during the study period. The male to female ratio was 1:2.2. Twenty-seven patients (84.4%) were first diagnosed with ureteral duplication at less than 3 months of age, and 26 (81.3%) were first diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. Four of the 32 patients were diagnosed with bilateral ureteral duplication, for a total of 36 occurrences of ureteral duplication. In 17 occurrences of complete ureteral duplication (47.2%), other urinary tract anomalies were also found; namely, ureterocele (7), VUR (11), and ectopic ureter (5). However, none of the patients with incomplete ureteral duplication had ureterocele or VUR.CONCLUSION: With the advent of routine prenatal ultrasound, ureteral duplication is being diagnosed earlier than was previously possible, enabling timely treatment of the various accompanying urinary tract anomalies. Multicenter studies are needed to establish guidelines for standardized evaluation and treatment of ureteral duplication.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Ureter ; Ureterocele ; Urinary Tract ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux