No abstract available.
DNA, Recombinant* ; Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Yeasts*

PURPOSE: The objectives of the study were to examine university students' health behavior, depression, and ego-resilience in order to understand the relationship between these variables, and to identify factors influencing ego-resilience. METHODS: Data were collected from a sample of 302 students attending G University. The data collection period was from October 28, 2015 to December 21, 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS Statistics version 23 Program. RESULTS: The number of close friends was weakly correlated with depression and ego-resilience: specifically, the number of close friends had a weak negative correlation with depression, and a weak positive correlation with ego-resilience. Factors significantly influencing the students' ego-resilience were depression, type of residence, frequency of exercise, and gender, with a total explanatory power of 18%. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that intervention programs to improve ego-resilience should be developed. Research into ego-resilience should be replicated with students from a variety of cultural background and diverse study areas.
Data Collection ; Depression* ; Friends ; Health Behavior* ; Humans

Background: The highly lipid soluble opioid, fentanyl, has a rapid onset and short duration of action. The present study was designed to examine the analgesic efficacy and side effects of the combination of fentanyl with morphine in patients using intravenous PCA. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three PCA regimens: M4 group (40 mg morphine+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol), M2F2 group (20 mg morphine+200 ug fentanyl+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol), or M2F4 group (20 mg morphine+400 ug fentanyl+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol). All patients were given initial loading dose of 0.1 mg/kg morphine plus 1 mg droperidol at the end of surgery. Pain score, side effects, and overall satisfaction were assessed at 30 min, 1 hr, 8 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr postoperatively. Results: The pain score was significantly higher in the M2F2 group than in the M4 group and M2F4 group during 1 hr and 8 hr postoperatively. The total opioid consumption was significantly greater in the M2F4 group than in the M4 group. Patient satisfaction was better in the M2F4 than other two groups. There were no differences in the overall incidence of side effects among three groups. Conclusions: The present results suggest that the combination of fentanyl with morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia is a useful method, and the double dose of fentanyl in comparison with the equipotent morphine dose is recommended in the early postoperative period.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Droperidol ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Morphine* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Period

No abstract available.
Fibroma, Ossifying* ; Nasal Cavity*

BACKGROUND: For pediatric anesthesia we frequently use rocuronium bromide, which is often associated with a localized withdrawal of the arm or generalized movements, that may cause harm to the patient. Lidocaine is said to be one of the better agents and reduce the incidence of movement associated with rocuronium injection in adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on movement associated with rocuronium injection according to the method of lidocaine administration in children. METHODS: Two hundreds and four pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of six groups (each group n = 34). Fifty seconds after the injection of thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg, the SM group was given mixture of rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg and normal saline 0.05 ml/kg (same amount of 2% lidocaine 1 mg/kg) for 5-10 seconds. The LM 1.0 and LM 2.0 groups were given a mixture of rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg and 2% lidocaine 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg, respectively. The LS 1.0, LS 1.5 and the LS 2.0 groups were given 2% lidocaine 1.0 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg respectively, 50 seconds after the injection of thiopental sodium, and rocuronium was given 5 seconds after the administration of lidocaine. Withdrawal movements after the injection of rocuronium were investigated. RESULTS: All of the SM group showed withdrawal movement and the LM 2.0, LS 1.0, LS 1.5, and LS 2.0 groups showed less withdrawal movement than the SM group. And the LS 1.0, LS 1.5, and LS 2.0 groups showed less movement than the LM 1.0 group. LS 2.0 group showed less withdrawal movement than LM 2.0 group. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential administration of lidocaine and rocuronium produced a better result than the administration of a mixture in terms of reducing withdrawal movement on rocuronium injection.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Child* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Thiopental

We noted hemoglobinuris during and after extracorporeal circulation for one case of mitral valve replacement. Laboratory results revealed autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA) including a positive direct Coombs test. A patient with AIHA is serologically incompatible with his own red cells and with the red cells of most blood donors. Red cell transfusion is essential for the management of life threatenting anemia especially in this case. So it is essential, therefore, to have efficient clinician blood bank communication in order to arrive at a rational transfusion therapy for these patients.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic* ; Blood Banks ; Blood Donors ; Coombs Test ; Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve

BACKGROUND: Not many recent studies have shown that morphine antinociception may be directly expressed in forebrain structures. It is generally accepted that c-fos is a marker of neuronal activity and its expresson is correlated with nerve pathway activated by nociceptive stimuli. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of morphine on c-fos expression in the incisional pain rat brain. METHODS: A 1 cm longitudinal incision was made through the skin, fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the hindpaw in enflurane-anesthetized rats. 10 mg/kg of morphine was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before (pre-morphine group; n = 15) and 30 minutes after surgery (post-morphine group; n = 15). The same amount of saline was injected 30 minutes after surgery (control group; n = 15). Two hours later c-fos protein expressions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and amygdala were examined by immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody. RESULTS: Numerous c-fos positive cells were observed in thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, and amygdala in all groups. There were no significant differences in c-fos expression between pre-morphine, post-morphine and control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study we expected to decreased c-fos expression in incisional pain rat brain by morphine injection. But no differences were observed compared to control group in thalamus and cortex which transmitting pain to CNS, also in hypothalamus and amygdale which transmitting emotional stress to CNS. These results suggests that intraperitoneal morphine can not protect the c-fos expression of ascending pathway to thalamus, hypothalmus, amygdala and cerebral cortex. Also we can not support the effect of morphine on the descending pathway of pain. So we thought for the more information, additional study, for example, behavior test, PCR (polymerase chain reaction)study, may be needed.
Amygdala ; Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Fascia ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphine* ; Neurons ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prosencephalon ; Rats* ; Skin ; Stress, Psychological ; Thalamus

The need for a short-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent to replace succinylcholine chloride(succinylcholine) is recognized widely and attempts to find such a drug have been numerous. Atracurium besylate(atracurium) is one of the new series of neuromuscular blocking agents with little cardiovascular effect and is not dependent on hepatic and renal function for terminating its action because of its self-destroying mechanism. Because succinylchline may occasionally be contraindieated for intubation in parturients we studied the use of atracurium in 23 patients having cesarean section. All patients received 0. 5 mg/kg atracurium for intubation and neuromuscular relaxation. Hemodynamic changes, the time from the injection of atracurium to maximal twitch suppression, the time between atracurium administration and the return to 10% of control twitch height were recorded and observed the degree of vocal cord relaxation and conditions of intubation and evaluated the Apgar scores. 1) Mean arterial pressure and heart rate increased significantly after intubation compared with that of control and just before intubation but there were no significant changes in 5 minutes after intubation. 2) The 90% twitch suppression following atracurium administration was 75.6+/-20.9 seconds. 3) The return of 10% of control twitch height was 2449.3+/-1114.0 seconds. 4) Intubation conditions were excellent for 19 patients. 5) The Apgar scores of 20 neonates were high. These data suggest that the use of atracurium may be a useful alternative for induction for Cesarean section when succinylcholine is contraindicated.
Arterial Pressure ; Atracurium* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pregnancy ; Relaxation ; Succinylcholine ; Vocal Cords

OBJECTIVE: Panic disorder has been suggested to be divided into the respiratory and non-respiratory subtypes in terms of its clinical presentations. The present study aimed to investigate whether there are any differences in treatment response and clinical characteristics between the respiratory and non-respiratory subtypes of panic disorder patients. METHODS: Among the 48 patients those who completed the study, 25 panic disorder patients were classified as the respiratory subtype, whereas 23 panic disorder patients were classified as the non-respiratory subtype. All patients were treated with escitalopram or paroxetine for 12 weeks. We measured clinical and psychological characteristics before and after pharmacotherapy using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Albany Panic and Phobic Questionnaire (APPQ), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T, STAI-S), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). RESULTS: The prevalence of the agoraphobia was significantly higher in the respiratory group than the non-respiratory group although there were no differences in gender and medication between the two groups. The respiratory group showed higher scores on the fear of respiratory symptoms of the ASI-R. In addition, after pharmacotherapy, the respiratory group showed more improvement in panic symptoms than the non-respiratory group. CONCLUSION: Panic disorder patients with the respiratory subtype showed more severe clinical presentations, but a greater treatment response to SSRIs than those with non-respiratory subtype. Thus, classification of panic disorder patients as respiratory and non-respiratory subtypes may be useful to predict clinical course and treatment response to SSRIs.
Agoraphobia ; Anxiety ; Citalopram ; Classification ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Panic ; Panic Disorder* ; Paroxetine ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Treatment Outcome

In the last decade, advances in laparoscopic equipments have allowed the development of laparoscopic surgical treatment for gynecologic affeetion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular effects and blood gas changes during laparoscope assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) in Trendelenburg position and intraabdominal CO2 insufflation to obtain optimal surgical field. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate. SaO2, PaO2, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) PaCO2, pH, and peak airway pressure (PAP) were measured in twenty patients who underwent laparoscope assisted vaginal hysterectomy in Trendelenburg position and intraabdominal CO2 insufflation. Each measurement was taken immedistely after intubation (control), 15 minutes after Trendelenburg position, 30 minutes after CO2 insufflation, 15 minutes, 1 hour and 6 hrs. after CO2 deflation. ETCO2 and PAP were not measured 1 hour and 6 hrs. after deflation The results were as follows; 1) Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were decreased after Trendelenburg position, but increased after CO2 insufflation. 2) Arterial O2 saturation was decreased after CO2 insufflation, 1 hour after deflation 3) Arterial PO2 was decreased after CO2 insufflation. 4) End-tidal CO2 was increased after CO2 insufflation. 5) Arterial PCO2 was increased after CO2 insufflation compared to control value, but it was decreased at 15 minutes after CO2 deflation. Arterial PCO2 at 1 hour after CO2 deflation was higher than at 15 minutes after CO2 deflation and 6 hrs. after CO2 deflation. 6) Arterial pH was decreased after CO2 insufflation. 7) Peak airway pressure was increased after Trendelenburg position and after CO2 insufflation.
Arterial Pressure ; Female ; Head-Down Tilt ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Insufflation ; Intubation ; Laparoscopes*