No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Kidney*

No abstract available.
Skin*

School foodservice customers are likely to be tired of repeated cycle menus and their satisfaction for meals offered in school is inclined to be low. The menu variety is an important factor in increasing customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate customer perspectives for applying rice based bread menus in order to add menu variety and promote using rice processed products in school foodservice. The questionnaire was distributed to 760 parent samples in elementary schools and 520 student samples in middle/high schools and a total of 665 and 387 usable data were collected, respectively. Food habits such as preference for cooking method, menu preference, food allergy and nutritional perspectives for menu and customer perception for rice based bread like quality, reliability, price, and purchasing convenience were investigated using 7 Likert scale. Also expected menu types applying rice based bread and offering frequency of rice bread menu were examined. Preference level for bread-based meals were moderate and students' preferences were slightly higher than parents. Menu types applying rice bread expected by middle/high school students were western food (49.4%), spaghetti (28.4%), set menu (13.7%), noodle (17.6%), Korean food (11.1%), Chinese food (10.9%) and porridge (4.5%). The most occupied rate was once in a week for expected offering frequency. Most respondents perceived that rice bread was more nutritive and qualitative than the wheat based one.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bread ; Cooking ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Food Habits ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Meals ; Parents ; Triticum

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is caused by autosomal dominant pathogenic variants in one of 14 currently known monogenic genes. Characteristics of patients with MODY include early-onset clinical disease with a family history of diabetes and negative autoantibodies and may present with heterogeneous phenotypes according to the different subtypes. Here, we report a patient with early-onset diabetes who presented asymptomatic mild fasting hyperglycemia with the absence of autoantibodies. She was diagnosed with glucokinase (GCK)-MODY caused by a GCK variant, c.1289T>C (p.L430P), identified by targeted gene-panel testing, and the affected father had the same variant. We interpreted this rare missense variant as a likely pathogenic variant and then she stopped taking oral medication. This case highlights the usefulness of genepanel testing for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of MODY. We also note the importance of familial genetic testing and genetic counseling for the proper interpretation of MODY variants.

Background: The AdvanSure TB/NTM plus real-time PCR (AdvanSure plus PCR; LG Chem., Korea) assay has been developed to increase the diagnostic sensitivity of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) compared with the currently used the AdvanSure TB/NTM real-time PCR (AdvanSure PCR;LG Chem., Korea) assay. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the AdvanSure plus PCR comparing the results with mycobacterial culture and the AdvanSure PCR. Methods: Patients (n=199) with suspected NTM or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) were tested using AdvanSure plus PCR, AdvanSure PCR, acid-fast bacilli staining, and mycobacteria culture. Additionally, 200 DNA samples (n=100, MTC and n=100, NTM) were obtained from positive MTC or NTM cultures for evaluation using the AdvanSure plus PCR assay. Results: The two real-time PCR systems showed a 94.0% (n=187/199) concordance rate (Kappa=0.94). Based on culture results, the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MTC were 100% (45/45) and 83.8% (129/154) using AdvanSure plus PCR, and 100.0% (45/45) and 99.3% (153/154) using AdvanSure PCR, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for NTM detection were 68.0% (n=17/25) and 90.2% (n=157/174), respectively, with AdvanSure plus PCR, and 64.0% (n=16/25) and 95.4% (n=166/174), respectively, using AdvanSure PCR. With culturepositive samples, AdvanSure plus PCR tested positive for 100% of both the MTC and NTM specimens. Seven (out of 200) culture-positive samples tested positive for both MTC and NTM using the AdvanSure plus PCR. Conclusion AdvanSure plus PCR had increased sensitivity but decreased specificity compared with AdvanSure PCR for the detection of NTM. The AdvanSure plus PCR assay can be used for the simultaneous detection of MTC and NTM in direct specimen and culture.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' perceptions on child abuse. METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, data were collected using a questionnaire and 217 nurses working in seven general hospitals were surveyed. The perception scale was divided into 4 subscales: physical, psychological, sexual abuse and neglect. RESULTS: Nurses who suspected child abuse accounted for 18.1% of the nurses, and 41.9% of the nurses stated that they did not to report suspected child abuse. The nurses reported receiving only a little education about the prevention of child abuse. The mean score for perception on child abuse was high (3.59±0.31). Recognition of sexual abuse ranked highest, psychological abuse ranked lowest. CONCLUSION: The findings from this research provide baseline information for understanding nurses' perceptions on child abuse, and may help in the development of appropriate education programs that will enable nurses to report child abuse.
Child ; Child Abuse* ; Child* ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Sex Offenses

BACKGROUND: The spinal administration of neostigmine has been shown to produce analgesia, but this analgesia is limited by adverse effects. This study was designed to determine whether intra-articular neostigmine results in an analgesic effect in a rat inflamed knee joint model, and to investigate the possible involvement of nitric oxide in neostigmine-induced analgesia. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups; control group, neostigmine group (1, 3, 10micro gram), and L-NAME group (neostigmine 1, 3, 10micro gram + L-NAME 500micro gram). Inflammation was induced by injecting 2% carageenan into the right knee joint. Intraarticular drugs were injected at an hour after the injection of carageenan. Effects of these drugs were assessed before and at 4, 8, 12, 24, 60, and 120 hours after inflammation using a Dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the neostigmine 3, and 10micro gram group and the control group. There were no significant differences between the neostigmine group and the L-NAME group except for in the neostigmine 10micro gram L-NAME group at 24 hours. There were no significant differences between the neostigmine 3micro gram L-NAME group and the control group. This result shows that injection of L-NAME partially reverses the anlgesic effects of the neostigmine. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-articular neostigmine results in an analgesic effect at the site of inflammation. Although this study could not prove the involvement of nitric oxide in the peripheral analgesic effect of neostigmine, it demonstrates the possible involvement of nitric oxide in neostigmine-induced analgesia.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Arthritis* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Neostigmine* ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester* ; Nitric Oxide ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVES: Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is by far the strongest clinical predictor of neurodegenerative disease available. Several potential early diagnostic markers of neurodegenerative disease including autonomic symptoms have been proposed, but they have generally not been tested in presymptomatic neurodegenerative disease. So the authors investigated autonomic symptoms and their associated factors in idiopathic RBD patients. METHODS: 52 idiopathic RBD patients and 52 controls participated in the study. Autonomic symptoms were evaluated by applying the unified multiple system atrophy rating scale (UMSARS) and measuring orthostatic systolic blood pressure drop. RESULTS: Idiopathic RBD patients showed significantly higher UMSARS subscale scores and sharper drop of orthostatic systolic blood pressure than controls. In multiple linear regression analysis, all autonomic symptoms and measured orthostatic systolic blood pressure drop were associated with RBD. In addition, orthostatic symptoms were associated with medication and age, urinary function was associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and measured orthostatic systolic blood pressure drop was associated with hypertension. CONCLUSION: In this study, idiopathic RBD patients showed more autonomic symptoms than controls. However, other autonomic symptoms-related factors also influenced some autonomic symptoms. Prospective studies should be performed to evaluate autonomic symptoms as a potential predictor of neurodegenerative diseases.
Aged* ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Linear Models ; Multiple System Atrophy ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder* ; Sleep, REM*

PURPOSE: Delayed treatment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common cause of mental retardation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intellectual outcomes in preschool children with treated CH. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 43 children (age range: 13 to 60 days of life; 22 girls and 21 boys) diagnosed with CH. Children aged 5 to 7 years were examined using the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or the Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. RESULTS: The patients started treatment between 13 and 60 days of age. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients tested at age 5 to 7 years was 103.14±11.68 (IQ range: 76–126). None had intellectual disability (defined as an IQ <70). Twenty-one subjects were treated with a low dose (6.0–9.9 µg/kg/day) and 22 with a high dose of levothyroxine (10.0–16.0 µg/kg/day). There was no significant difference in the mean full-scale IQ (FSIQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) scores between the 2 groups. FSIQ, PIQ, and VIQ scores were not significantly correlated with initial dose of L-T4, initial fT4, age at treatment in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: IQ scores of subjects with early treated CH diagnosed through a neonatal screening test were within normal range, regardless of etiology, thyroid function, initial dose of levothyroxine, and age at start of treatment.
Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Intelligence ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neonatal Screening ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroxine

BACKGROUND: A variety of dermatological disorders develop in hospitalized patients and the need for dermatological consultations is on the rise. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed 2 years of dermatological consultation data from a tertiary medical center in Korea and compared dermatological problems among individual departments. METHODS: We reviewed 3,102 dermatological inpatient consultations by performing a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Contact dermatitis (11.4%), drug eruption (9.6%), tinea pedis (5.5%), xerotic eczema (5.3%), and seborrheic dermatitis (5.2%) were the 5 dermatological disorders that were most commonly referred to dermatologists. Patients in the allergy and pulmonology departments had higher rates of drug eruptions. Endocrinology-admitted patients, especially diabetic patients, frequently complained of foot dermatitis. The cardiology, gastroenterology, and hemato-oncology departments referred many patients with purpuric dermatosis to dermatologists. Patients from the surgical departments consulted more frequently consulted contact dermatitis and drug eruptions. The neurology and rehabilitation medicine departments referred more seborrheic dermatitis patients than other departments. Pediatric patients commonly consulted for atopic dermatitis, viral exanthemata, and seborrheic dermatitis. Regardless of department, patients who suffered from severe illness and underwent major surgery developed herpes zoster and cutaneous fungal infections more frequently than other patients. Personal hygiene was closely related to the development of follicular disorders. CONCLUSION: Dermatologists should be familiar with the diverse dermatological complaints of patients admitted to various departments and be actively involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and education of doctors and patients to improve the quality of inpatient care.
Cardiology ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Diagnosis ; Drug Eruptions ; Eczema ; Education ; Foot ; Gastroenterology ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Hypersensitivity ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Neurology ; Pulmonary Medicine ; Referral and Consultation ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Diseases ; Tinea Pedis