PURPOSE: This research was carried out to examine if music therapy is effective in decreasing elderly people's depression level and in increasing their life satisfaction level. METHODS: This study used the quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group and the pre-test and post-test design, and was conducted from the 26th of July to the 26th of September in 2004. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed by Y.esavage et al. (1983) to measure depression level and one developed by Yoon (1982) to measure life satisfaction level. The subjects were 80 elderly people who were the members of an elderly welfare center in G city. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=40) and a control group (n=40). RESULTS: The first hypothesis' The depression level will be lowered in the experimental group who received music therapy' was supported (t=3.856, p=.000). The second hypothesis' The life satisfaction level will be raised in the experimental group who received music therapy' was supported (t=2.040, p=.045). The results above suggest that music therapy can be an effective nursing intervention for reducing the depression level and increasing the life satisfaction level of elderly people.
Aged* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Music ; Music Therapy* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Primary Myelofibrosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify nursing professional values and job satisfaction depending on the types of personality in visiting nurses. METHODS: Two hundred twenty six visiting nurses participated in this study. Data collection was conducted in 26 Public Health Centers in Korea. The Korean version of the Enneagram nursing professional values and job satisfaction was used to measure the nursing professional values and job satisfaction. RESULTS: The most common personality is type 9, a center of the Instinctive Center where energy tends to stress outwards. There was a significant difference in nursing professional values depending on the type of personality. The type 1, 2 and type 9 had a significant difference by depending on the type of personality. There was but no difference in job satisfaction. There was a negative correlation between nursing professional values and job satisfaction by depending on the type of personality. The nurses with the type 9 and type 1 of personality showed a significant differences with the negative correlation between professional values and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed the necessity of a self-understanding program to improve the working efficiency by increasing the professional values and job satisfaction of visiting nurses.
Community Health Nursing ; Data Collection ; Instinct ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Public Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify nursing professional values and job satisfaction depending on the types of personality in visiting nurses. METHODS: Two hundred twenty six visiting nurses participated in this study. Data collection was conducted in 26 Public Health Centers in Korea. The Korean version of the Enneagram nursing professional values and job satisfaction was used to measure the nursing professional values and job satisfaction. RESULTS: The most common personality is type 9, a center of the Instinctive Center where energy tends to stress outwards. There was a significant difference in nursing professional values depending on the type of personality. The type 1, 2 and type 9 had a significant difference by depending on the type of personality. There was but no difference in job satisfaction. There was a negative correlation between nursing professional values and job satisfaction by depending on the type of personality. The nurses with the type 9 and type 1 of personality showed a significant differences with the negative correlation between professional values and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed the necessity of a self-understanding program to improve the working efficiency by increasing the professional values and job satisfaction of visiting nurses.
Community Health Nursing ; Data Collection ; Instinct ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Public Health

No abstract available.
Cisterna Magna*

CD44, also known as the Hermes antigen, H-CAM, pgp-1 antigen, and extracellular matrix receptor ECM-III, is a widely distributed integral membrane protein that exists in a variety of forms with different molecular sizes ranging from 85kd to 160kd. A number of evidence implicates CD44 as a cell adhesion molecule with a possible role in tumor progression. To evaluate the possible roles of CD44 in the metastatic process of gastric carcinoma to the regional lymph nodes, we applicated immunohistochemical stains with the CD44H and CD44v6 primary antibodies onto the 2 groups of gastric adenocarcinomas. Each group was comprised of 22 primary tumors extending to the subserosa, and one group showed nodal metastasis, while the other group did not. Seventeen primary tumors (77%) out of the 22 cases with the nodal metastasis demonstrated positivity to the CD44v6, while only 9 primary tumors (41%) out of the 22 cases without nodal metastasis did. However CD44H immunoreactivity was demonstrated in tumor cells of all cases (100%) of both groups as well as in the normal cell components. These results suggest that CD44H form is not related to the metastasis to the regional lymph nodes of gastric carcinoma. However, the expression of CD44v6 seems to play a certain role in the metastatic process of the gastric carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Antibodies ; Cell Adhesion ; Cellular Structures ; Coloring Agents ; Extracellular Matrix ; Lymph Nodes ; Membrane Proteins ; Neoplasm Metastasis

BACKGROUND: Lumbar plexus block by posterior approach has been used for thigh and hip surgery and unilateral low back pain and/or low extremity pain control. We measured the needle depth from the skin to the lumbar plexus and its relation with body indices in Korean. METHODS: Forty-eight (male 35, female 13) patients with unilateral low back pain and/or low extremity pain received lumbar plexus block by the posterior approach known as "psoas compartment block". We measured the distance from the skin to the lumbar plexus with the aid of a nerve stimulator and evaluated its relation to body mass indices such as weight, height, abdominal circumference and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). RESULTS: The distance described above was 7.42 +/- 0.82 cm (range 6.0-9.5 cm) in males and 7.18 +/- 1.24 cm (range 5.3-10.0 cm) in females. Its relation to body weight was greater than with other body indices. The Pearson's coefficient between the distance and body weight was 0.745 in males and 0.842 in females. The predicted distance (cm) was 4.23 + 0.0471 x weight (kg) in males (adjusted R2 = 0.532) and 1.25 + 0.0975 x weight in females (adjusted R2 = 0.682). CONCLUSIONS: Body weight is the most important factor for prediction of the distance from the skin to the lumbar plexus. The distance was about 6-10 cm in korean patients.
Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Extremities ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Lumbosacral Plexus* ; Male ; Needles* ; Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ; Skin ; Thigh

No abstract available.
Uterus*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a social support program on family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care. METHODS: The research adopted a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The number of participants was 25 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group sampled among family caregivers in elderly long-term home care. The experimental group participated in a 10-session social support program, which consisted of physical, emotional, informational, and material support. The effect of the program was evaluated by measuring family caregivers' role strain. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant decrease in family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care. CONCLUSION: The result suggests that the social support program was effective in decreasing family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care. There is a need to develop more effective and systematicsocial support programsfor family caregivers of elderly long-term home care.
Aged* ; Caregivers ; Home Care Services* ; Humans

The influence of Halothane on local cerebral glucose utilization was studid by quantitative autoradiography using 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The Rats had both the femoral artery and vein cannulated and anesthetized with 1.0 MAC and 2.0 MAC Halothane. Local cerebral glucose utilization (1-CMRg) was compared betweeen conscious control and the Halothane-anesthetized rat. The result was as follows; 1) There was a slight decrease of blood pressure in the anesthetized group, but it was within the range of autoregulation. The PaO2 and PaCO2 were influenced by artificial ventilation in anesthetized group but remained in normal range. 2) Fluctuation of 1-CMRg was noted according to the region during 1.0 MAC halothane anesthesia, the limbic system and basal ganglia showed increased 1-CMRg, but other discrete regions revealed decreased glucose utilization. Most regions showed decreased glucose utilization, except the subtantia nigra during 2.0 MAC halothane anesthesia. 3) The order of decreased glucose utilization was: Auditory system = Cerebral association area > Myelinated fiber > Sensory motor system > Limbic system > Extrapyramidal system in 1.0 MAC anesthesia group and Auditory system > Cerebral association area > Visual system > Sensory motor system > Limbic system = Extrapyramidal system > Myelinated fiber in 2.0 MAC anesthesia group. 4) Ther were no specific anatomical characteristics during 1.0 MAC or 2.0 MAC halothane anesth- esia. 5) Some regions showed increased glucose utilization during anesthesia which did not appeared in the conscious control animals. These regions were Habenulo-interpeduncular system, limbic system, and basal ganglia.
Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Basal Ganglia ; Blood Pressure ; Femoral Artery ; Glucose ; Halothane* ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Limbic System ; Male ; Myelin Sheath ; Nervous System* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Values ; Veins ; Ventilation