A case of extrastkeletal Ewing's sarcoma on lower extremity in a 60-year-old male is reported. Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that shows similar histologic and ultrastructural features to Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Histologically, the neoplasm was composed of small, round to oval cells with scant cytoplasm that were arranged in sheets with large area of necrosis. Electron microscopy of the neoplastic cells revaled scant cytopasm containing glycogen rosettes and a paucity of organelles. There is no ultrastructural evidence to indicate the origin of the cells.
Male ; Humans

No abstract available.
HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

PURPOSE: School-age children spend more than half of the day at school and teachers or school nurses are responsible for managing students with asthma during school hours. Thus, the teachers' knowledge about asthma is very important for the care of asthmatic school children. METHODS: Total 159 teachers were asked to fill out questionnaire on their knowledge about asthma and their personal profiles. The survey was administered by mail. The questionnaire includes 17 items about pathophysiology, symptoms, precipitating factors, treatment, care and prognosis, which were to be answered by either 'true' or 'false'. The correct or incorrect answers were examined data was statistically analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: Most teachers were in their thirties (54.7%) and years of teaching experience were from six to fifteen years (50.4%). The teachers who experienced asthma students were 23.6%, and 12.6% were either asthma patients or had asthma patients in their family. They had knowledge about precipitating factors of asthma, but, the knowledge was not correct in detail. Only 34% teachers knew what to do and where to contact in case of asthma attack among the students. Teachers' demographic and professional factors did not affect the knowledge about asthma, except their working experience as school nurses and/or with school nursing asthmatic students. CONCLUSION: The survey results demonstrated that their teachers' knowledge about asthma was not sufficient enough to take good care of the asthmatic students at school including emergency management. Asthma education for the school teachers is required and efficient educational programs for the teachers should be developed.
Asthma ; Child ; Education ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Postal Service ; Precipitating Factors ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; School Nursing

PURPOSE: Airway inflammation is a characteristic feature of asthma. Sputum analysis can be used as a non-invasive tool to assess severity of the airway inflammation. This study was performed to compare relationships between sputum eosinophils to other parameters of airway inflammation and to evaluate the clinical utility of sputum eosinophils and ECP in childhood asthma. METHODS: Twenty one ashtmatic children and age matched control subjects without history of allergy were enrolled in this study. Their age was from 21 months to 15 years old. The study was performed from January to April of 2001. Ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline was used to induce sputum from children. The children were pre-treated with bronchodilator and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was monitored thought-out the procedure. Sample were analysed for total cell count, differential cell count and for concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). RESULTS: Asthmatic subjects had a significantly higher proportion of blood eosinophils than the control subjects (279.8+/-187.7/mm3 and 26.5+/-18.5/mm3, P<0.01). Correspondingly, percentages of eosinophil and concentration of ECP were 5.10+/-8.79% and 99.85+/-70.10 microL/L in asthmatic and 0.20+/-0.42% and 1.02+/-2.54 microL/L in control subjects (P<0.01 and P<0.01). Serum eosinophils have no correlation with sputum eosinophils or sputum ECP. There was no correlation between sputum eosinophils and ECP either. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the proportion of eosinophils and the level of ECP in induced sputum may be sensitive and accurate means of assessing the airway inflammation in childhood asthma, and their relationships with serum eosinophils or serum ECP are to be studied further.
Adolescent ; Asthma* ; Cell Count ; Child ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Sputum*

No abstract available.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*

No abstract available.
Skull Base* ; Skull*

Contact hypersensitivity (CH) responsiveness to 24-dinitro-l-fluorobenzene(DNFB)is depressed in mice sensitized through unexposed skin sites after exposure to high dose of ultraviolet B radiation(UVB). Exposure of mice to ultraviolet A(UVA) radiation in combination with 8-methoxypsoralen(8-MOP) also results in a systemic suppression of CH. Our study was designed to determine whether a high dose of UVA radiation alone can induce a systemic suppression of CH, and if so, which phase of CH response is influenced by UVA radiation. Relatively large doses of UVA(400, 600, 800J/cm²) induced significant systemic suppression of CH when DNFB was applied to UVA-unirradiated abdominal skin. The duration of the rest period after UVA exposure did not cause any significant change in systemic suppresion of CH. Functional analyses showed that lymph node cells(LNCs) obtained from donors that were sensitized on the unirradiated skin site with DNFB 5 days after UVA treatment transferred normal ear-swelling responsiveness to non-primed recipients, thus implying that high doses of UVA can induce systemic suppression which is not affected in the induction phase of CH but affected in the elicitation phase of CH. UVA irradiation de-creased Langerhans cell(LC) numbers significantly with a dose of 100J/cm² or greater. LNCs obtained from donors that were sensitized on the irradiated skin site with DNFB 5 days after UVA treatment did not transfer normal ear-swelling responsiveness to non-primed recipients. This phenomenon may be related to the decreased number of LC after UV treatment. To look for possible mediators impairing the elicitation phase of the CH reaction, we checked prostaglandin E(PGE) levels in serum after 800J/cm² irradiation. A high dose of UVA did not increase the serum PGE level in mice as much as UVB irradiation, in which a significant increase of PGE may affect CH response.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Prostaglandins E ; Skin ; Tissue Donors

Contact hypersensitivity (CH) responsiveness to 24-dinitro-l-fluorobenzene(DNFB)is depressed in mice sensitized through unexposed skin sites after exposure to high dose of ultraviolet B radiation(UVB). Exposure of mice to ultraviolet A(UVA) radiation in combination with 8-methoxypsoralen(8-MOP) also results in a systemic suppression of CH. Our study was designed to determine whether a high dose of UVA radiation alone can induce a systemic suppression of CH, and if so, which phase of CH response is influenced by UVA radiation. Relatively large doses of UVA(400, 600, 800J/cm²) induced significant systemic suppression of CH when DNFB was applied to UVA-unirradiated abdominal skin. The duration of the rest period after UVA exposure did not cause any significant change in systemic suppresion of CH. Functional analyses showed that lymph node cells(LNCs) obtained from donors that were sensitized on the unirradiated skin site with DNFB 5 days after UVA treatment transferred normal ear-swelling responsiveness to non-primed recipients, thus implying that high doses of UVA can induce systemic suppression which is not affected in the induction phase of CH but affected in the elicitation phase of CH. UVA irradiation de-creased Langerhans cell(LC) numbers significantly with a dose of 100J/cm² or greater. LNCs obtained from donors that were sensitized on the irradiated skin site with DNFB 5 days after UVA treatment did not transfer normal ear-swelling responsiveness to non-primed recipients. This phenomenon may be related to the decreased number of LC after UV treatment. To look for possible mediators impairing the elicitation phase of the CH reaction, we checked prostaglandin E(PGE) levels in serum after 800J/cm² irradiation. A high dose of UVA did not increase the serum PGE level in mice as much as UVB irradiation, in which a significant increase of PGE may affect CH response.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Prostaglandins E ; Skin ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: Breast milk contains several components that provide specific immunity and affect the maturation of the infant's immune system. Allergic disease (AD), including atopic eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy is characterized by an imbalance between cytokines produced by distinct T-helper cell subtypes. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of cytokines and chemokines that were involved in allergic reactions in breast milk from allergic and non- allergic mothers and then analyse the effect of breastfeeding duration on the prevalence of allergic disease in the age of two. METHODS: The breast milk samples were collected from mothers with AD (n=88) and without AD (n=47). Breast milk was collected at the second day (colostrum) and four weeks later (mature milk). The level of Interlukine (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, RANTES in breast milk were determined by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS: Mothers with AD had a higher concentration of IL-8 in colostrum compared with those without AD (P=0.021). But, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were higher concentrated in colostrum of mother without AD (P=0.013, P=0.001). Whereas concentrations of other cytokines were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no association between levels of cytokines and chemokines in the breast milk and allergic development during the first 2 years of life in the infants. CONCLUSION: The higher concentration of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in colostrum from non-allergic mothers may explain the protective effect. But, the higher concentrations of IL-8 in colostrum from allergic mothers may in part explain the controversial results on the protective effect of breastfeeding against allergic diseases. We conclude that there is no convincing evidence form a relation between cytokines in breast milk and allergic diseases in infants. Longer follow-up are necessary to evaluate the effects of breast milk components on AD.
Asthma ; Breast Feeding ; Breast* ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Colostrum ; Cytokines* ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Follow-Up Studies ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immune System ; Infant* ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Milk, Human* ; Mothers ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2

No abstract available.
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic*