No abstract available.
Aneurysm, False*

No abstract available.
Otitis Externa* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Radionuclide Imaging* ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PTSD on memory funtion and hippocampal volume, and to identify major variables correlated to hippocampal volume and memory function. Thirty four Vietnam veterans were collected for this study, among whom eighteen were PTSD patients and sixteen were combat control subjects. The author used Impact of Event Scale(IES), Combat Exposure Scale(CES), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Korea Memory Assessment Scale(K-MAS) was assessed for memory function. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was used to measure hippocampal volume. There were significant differences between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans in IES, HDRS and BDI. Significant difference was found in verbal memory and total memory of K-MAS between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. There was significant difference in hippocampal volume between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. Short term memory, verbal memory and total memory were positively correlated to hippocampal volume. Hippocampal volume was negatively correlated to IES, HDRS, and BDI. These results suggest that PTSD severity be associated with hippocampal atrophy and memory dysfunction. Reduced or smaller hippocampal volume may be preexisting risk factor for stress exposure or the development of PTSD on combat exposure.
Atrophy ; Depression ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory* ; Risk Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Veterans ; Vietnam

No abstract available.
Thyrotropin*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical significance of the multiple increased uptake lesions other than in femoral heads as seen on whole body bone scan in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral heads. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy three patients with clinical diagnosis of avascular necrosis of fthe emoral head underwent a bone scan using Tc-99m MDP. Increased uptake lesions other than in femoral heads were evaluated, including frequency and common sites of involvement, and correlated with clinical information and plain radiographic findings. Two hundred patients without AVN, who had undergone a bone scan, were included as a control group. RESULTS: Increased uptake lesions in extrafemoral head locations were found in 36 of 173 patients(20.8% ; the location of 79 lesions was other than the femoral head, This result is statistically different from patients without avascular necrosis of femoral head(p<0.0001). The most common site of involvement was the knee joint area(62.5%). Other lesions were located in the mid-shafts of the long bones of the lower extremities, calcaneus, proximal humerus, etc., in order of decreasing frequency. Plain radiographs of 17 lesions were nonspecific, except for three lesions showing definite changes associated with avascular necrosis. The risk factors included alcoholism, the prolonged use of steroids, renal transplantation, herbal medication and working as a working as deep-sea diver. Most patients did not complain of pain, except for two with irreversible osteonecrotic changes as seen on plain radiograph. CONCLUSION: in patients with avascular necrosis of the femur, increased uptake lesions other than in the femoral head as seen on bone scan, may represent the early stage of osteonecrosis, which shows a characteristic appearance on bone scan. In order to avoid possible misdiagnoses of multiple extrafemoral lesions as bony metastasis or traumatic lesions, in patients with avascular necrosis of the femur these should be carefully evaluated.
Alcoholism ; Calcaneus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Femur ; Head* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Kidney Transplantation ; Knee Joint ; Lower Extremity ; Necrosis* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteonecrosis ; Risk Factors ; Steroids ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical significance of the multiple increased uptake lesions other than in femoral heads as seen on whole body bone scan in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral heads. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy three patients with clinical diagnosis of avascular necrosis of fthe emoral head underwent a bone scan using Tc-99m MDP. Increased uptake lesions other than in femoral heads were evaluated, including frequency and common sites of involvement, and correlated with clinical information and plain radiographic findings. Two hundred patients without AVN, who had undergone a bone scan, were included as a control group. RESULTS: Increased uptake lesions in extrafemoral head locations were found in 36 of 173 patients(20.8% ; the location of 79 lesions was other than the femoral head, This result is statistically different from patients without avascular necrosis of femoral head(p<0.0001). The most common site of involvement was the knee joint area(62.5%). Other lesions were located in the mid-shafts of the long bones of the lower extremities, calcaneus, proximal humerus, etc., in order of decreasing frequency. Plain radiographs of 17 lesions were nonspecific, except for three lesions showing definite changes associated with avascular necrosis. The risk factors included alcoholism, the prolonged use of steroids, renal transplantation, herbal medication and working as a working as deep-sea diver. Most patients did not complain of pain, except for two with irreversible osteonecrotic changes as seen on plain radiograph. CONCLUSION: in patients with avascular necrosis of the femur, increased uptake lesions other than in the femoral head as seen on bone scan, may represent the early stage of osteonecrosis, which shows a characteristic appearance on bone scan. In order to avoid possible misdiagnoses of multiple extrafemoral lesions as bony metastasis or traumatic lesions, in patients with avascular necrosis of the femur these should be carefully evaluated.
Alcoholism ; Calcaneus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Femur ; Head* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Kidney Transplantation ; Knee Joint ; Lower Extremity ; Necrosis* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteonecrosis ; Risk Factors ; Steroids ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate*

One hundres and two cases of traumatic liver injury were treated during 11 years from January 1986 to December 1996 at the department of surgery, Chunchon Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University, and analysis of clinical manifestation and factors affecting to the mortality were carried out, and the results were as follows. The male to female ratio was 2.6:1. The liver is most commonly injuried following blunt trauma, and the most common cause of blunt trauma was automobile accidents(83.3%). Right lobe injuries consisted of 82.4% of the cases, left lobe injuries were 11.8%, and injuries affecting both lobes were 5.9%. Among the clinical symptoms, peritoneal irritation sign was most common(52.9%). Other symptoms consisted of adominal distension(46.1%), chest pain or dyspnea(42.2%), abdominal wound(12.8%). Arriving at emergency room, patients with shock symptoms were present in 10.8% of all cases. Needle abdominal, paracentesis was performed in 44 cases, and a positive tap showed in 33 cases. In 44.1% of the cases, the liver injury was accompanied with rib fracture, 36.3% with hemothorax or pneumothorax, 32.4% with fracture of long-bone, 17.7% with head injury. Accompaning injuried intraabdominal organs that occured in order from highest to lowest percentage were the kidneys, spleen, small intestines, large intestines, stomach, diaphragm, pancreas and duodenum. Using the AAST Organ Injury Severity Classification, Grade II injuries were 31.4%, Grade I injuires were 28.4%, and Grade III injuries were 19.6%. Conservative management was the preferred method in 26 cases, and operations were performed in 76 cases. Suture and drainage were performed in 66 cases. Hepatic resection procedures were perfromed in three cases. The incidence of complication was 44.1%. The most common post-operative complications were respiratory problems, such as atelectasis, pneumonia, pleural effusion, and ARDS. The mortality rate was 15.7%, and the most common cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to massive bleeding. Accompanying head injuries, renal failue, and ARDS were also cause of death. Factors affecting to the mortality were the severity of the injury, the prescence of shock, systolic blood pressure at arrival, initial value of hematocrit, and the prescence of the abdominal distension.
Automobiles ; Blood Pressure ; Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Classification ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diaphragm ; Drainage ; Duodenum ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Hematocrit ; Hemorrhage ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Liver* ; Male ; Mortality ; Needles ; Pancreas ; Paracentesis ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Rib Fractures ; Shock ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Sutures

Growth factor receptors play critical roles in the regulation of normal growth and developement. Some of these molecules have been implicated in the neoplastic process as well. In this study, We examined the expression of the EGF receptor gene family in gastric carcinoma by Ribonuclease protection assay and investigated the relationship between the expression of using a mRNA and clinicopathologic parameters. Expression of EGFR mRNA was found in 34 of 59 cases (57.6%), expression of c-erbB-2 mRNA was found in 27 of 57 cases (64.9%), expression of c-erbB-3 mRNA was found in 47 of 60 cases (78.3%), and expression of c-erbB-4 mRNA was found in 39 of 59 cases (66.1%). The expression of EGFR was correlated with the size of the tumor. The expression of c-erbB-2 was correlated with the presence of endolymphatic tumor emboli, Ming's classification, and lymph node matastasis. The expression of c-erbB-3 was correlated with the macroscopic type. Coexpression of c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 was correlated with age. These results suggest that the production of the EGF receptor gene family by various tumor cells it may play an important role in the cellular function. Therefore, further studies are currently being carried out to clarify the role of these oncogenes in tumor behavior and gastric carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Classification ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Oncogenes ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Receptors, Growth Factor ; Ribonucleases ; RNA, Messenger ; Stomach Neoplasms*