The author have performed, from June to July 1976, a Sociomedical study on the 314 prostitutes which was engaged in tourism in Dongrae, Busan. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. Age distribution was from 20 years old to 34 years old and the highest as 36.6% was 23-25 years old group. Most of the respondents as 95.2% were under 31 years old group. 2. distribution of respondents by educational level showed that the group below the graduated primary school was 47.2%, middle school 29.3%, and high school 57.0% in that order. 3. By the occupation before be ruined, none was 34.5%, waitress at saloon 24.2%, hostess 14.3%. 4. By distribution of birth place, most of the respondents as 64.0% were Gyeongsang Do(37.9%) and Busan City (26.1%). 5. Distribution of respondents by family status showed that only mother was highest as 43.9% and 82.2% of respondents have been supported their family. 6. Monthly incomes of respondents were distributed from 50,000won to 250,000won,, and 50,000-100,000won group was the highest as 46.2%. In monthly sundry expenses, 20,000-30,000won group was the highest as 27.1%. 7. Monthly supporting expenses to their family were distributed from 10,000won to 50,000won and the highest as 26.7% was 10,000-20,000won group. Savings per month were distributed from 10,000won to 60,000won and 50,000-60,000won group was the highest as 22.3%. 8. Distribution of respondents by status of luxury showed that experiences of drinking was 20.4% and smoking was 55.7%. 9. By motive of falling into the ruin, economical causes was 41.7%. Most of the respondents as 95.0% expected under 3 years in prearranged period of their occupation. 10. By number of monthly entertainment, 5-10 persons as 58.0% was the highest. 11. Distribution of respondents by status of venereal disease and pulmonary tuberculosis showed that positive of gonorrhea was 8.0%, syphilis 1.6%, and pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.6%.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Busan* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Drinking ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Income ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Residence Characteristics ; Sex Workers* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Syphilis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Young Adult

A survey was carried out from August to December 2004 in Pusan, Korea to document the presence of free-living amoeba (FLA), including the genus Acanthamoeba, in both contact lens storage cases and domestic tap water. Acanthamoeba was isolated from 5 (4.2%) in 120 contact lens storage cases. Four house tap water samples from residents, whose contact lens storage cases had been contaminated by Acanthamoeba, were also found to be contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Therefore, the contamination rate of FLA and Acanthamoeba in domestic tap water was investigated in order to examine the role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination of contact lens storage cases. FLA and Acanthamoeba were identified in 97 (46.8%) and 16 (7.7%) of the 207 domestic tap water samples, respectively. There were no significant differences between the contamination rates of FLA in tap water according to the filtration plant of origin. No FLA was detected in the tap water directly supplied by the water purification plants. Water storage tanks appear to promote FLA colonization, including Acanthamoeba, in domestic tap water. This increases the risk of Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases as well as increasing the risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Acanthamoeba/*isolation & purification ; Amebiasis/epidemiology ; Animals ; Comparative Study ; Contact Lenses/parasitology ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Risk Factors ; Water/*parasitology ; Water Supply/*standards

A study was made on 50 cases of epileptic children who had been observed at the pediatric department of Chungnam National University Hospital Taejeon Eul Ji Hospital during the period from July, 1986 to June, 1991. The result are as follows: 1) Epilepsy was most frequent in children from 1 year to 10 year of age (80%). Epilepsy was commoner in female children compare to male representing male to female ratio, 1:1.2. 2) Intractable cases with VPA were 40%, and male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Intractable cases were most common between 1 and 5 years (65%). 3) The most common epileptic type was generalized tonic clonic seizure (38%). 4) The clinical effect of valproic acid was the worst in severely abnormal EEG finding. 5) The mean plasma VPA level was significantly lower for the polytherapy (57.7microgram/ml) than for the monotherapy (69.5microgram/ml). The VPA dose of steady-state was significantly higher for polytherapy (27.9mg/kg/d) than for the monotherapy (20.9mg/kg/d). VPA level: dose ratio was reduced in the polytherapy (2.1) as compared to monotherapy (3.3). 6) The plasma VPA level increased according to dosage. In the same dose, plasma level of monotherapy was significantly higher than polytherapy. 7) The VPA dose of stead-state was highest under 1 year (monotherapy: 24.8mg/kg/day, polytherapy: 33.4mg/kg/day). The VPA dose decreased in accordance with an increase of the age. 8) There was no correlation between EEG change and plasma concentration of VPA. 9) There was linear correlation between clinical affect and plasma VPA level, and plasma concentration of VPA reached 51 to 100microgram/ml at that time. 10) The clinical effect was good in abscence seizure, simple partial seizure, myoclonic seizure, and generalized tonic clonic seizure in decreasing order. 11) The incidence of side effect were gastrointestinal disturbance, behavior disorder, laboratory abnormality, neurologic abnormality in order of frequency. The frequency of overall side effects observed was 40% but toxic effects were generally mild.
Child* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Daejeon ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Plasma ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to verify the factors that determines burnout of nurses in emergency department. METHODS: The survey was given to 170 ED nurses which are located in Busan from July 1st to August 31st of 2012. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using SAS 9.2 program. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in burnout depending on gender, position, workplace satisfaction, job satisfaction. Significant positive correlation between compassion fatigue and burnout was found. Also significant negative correlation was found between self-esteem, compassion satisfaction and burnout. Factors influencing burnout were self-esteem, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue with R2 value 58.0%. CONCLUSION: Considering these results, it seems that great efforts will be needed for reducing burnout by mitigating the emergency nurses' compassion fatigue and introducing programs to increase the self-esteem and compassion satisfaction.
Busan ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Empathy* ; Fatigue* ; Job Satisfaction

No abstract available.
Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Skin* ; Transplants*

The exposures to carbamate pesticides (BPMC specifically) of agricultural workers were estimated by collecting pesticide in air by personal sampler and by analyzing with gas chromatography. Data revealed that the highest BPMC concentration in the aspirated air was 7.7 mg/m3. Concentrations were generally higher in the group whose spray conditions were controlled than the group uncontrolled. Actual concentrations were relatively lower than the values predicted theoretically. These findings suggest that personal sampler be useful in the estimation of pesticide exposure.
Farmers ; Chromatography, Gas* ; Humans ; Pesticides ; Pilot Projects* ; Rural Health

The purpose of this study is to present our experience of distraction osteogenesis procedure used to improve the functional and consmetic problems of two patients associated with Pierre-Robin sequence, which is an uncommon congenital disease in combination with micrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory obstruction. A female child of 42 months and a male infant of 4 months suffering from pneumonia, difficult breathing, cyanosis and insomnia were admitted. We performed temporary tongue to lip dhesion by modified Routledge method and bilateral mandibular distraction. After the operation, symptoms of insomnia and impaired breathing had improved. We found an extension of the mandibular length. In addition, the posterior airway space and lower face area were expanded in the cephalometric tracing and profilogram. We report that bilateral distraction provedure could be an effective and safe method for improving of impaired breathing and cosmetic problems of patients with Pierre-Robin sequence.
Child ; Cyanosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lip ; Male ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Pneumonia ; Respiration ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Tongue

BACKGROUND: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are benign fibrous growths which usually occur in predisposed individuals after trauma. Numerous modalities have been used to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars, but the final results have been so far unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of tlis study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of cryosurgery and intralesional corticoster oid for treatment of these scars. METHOD: Thirty patients, aged 17 to 45 years old, with keloids or hypertrophic scars(mean duration, 6.4 years) were treated using solid CO2 followed by intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide(13.3 mg/ml). Two freeze-thaw cycles per lesion were employed. Freezing time was chosen arbitrarily from 7 to 20 sec depending on the characteristics of each scar. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows. 1. Excellent and good results were achieved in 57% of all subjects on average, 77% of those who were treated more than 3 times, and 48% of those treated less than twice. 2. The keloid of less than 2 years duration showed better results than older ones. 3. No recurrence was seen in 63% of patients, but partial recurrence in 21% of patients and complete recurrence in 10% were observed. Lesions on the trunk showed less improvement (p<0.05) and were more recurrent than other lesions. 4. There were complications in 9 patients, such as hyperpigmentation(6), hypopigmentation(1), infection(1) and telangiectasia(1). CONCLUSION: Cryosurgery and intralesional corticosteroid injections produced synergistic advantages. A cornbination of these modalities might be an effective treatment modality in keloids and hypertrophic scars.
Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic* ; Cryosurgery* ; Freezing ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Keloid* ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Triamcinolone

Control of tuberculosis is threatened by widesread emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rifampin is a key component among therapeutic regimens for the tuberculosis; therefore patients in whom resistance to this drug develop have a poor outlook, particularly if rifampin resistance is associated with resistance to other tuberculosis drugs. The purpose of this study was to detect the mutation in rpoB gene of rifampin resistant M. tuberculosis in Korea and to evaluate the usefulness of the method in clinical aspects. A sample of 80 M. tuberculosis was studied, and it included 40 rifampin resistance isolates and 40 rifampin sensitive isolates by conventional methods. The detection method involved the amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Rif' region and the identification of mutations by single-strand DNA conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) of the amplification products (157 bp). Mutation were identified in 39 of 40 rifampin resistant isolates, and in 1 of 40 rifampin sensitive isolates.
Humans ; Korea ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Hemorrhage*