Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated. This study involves 30 centers across Korea. The study aims to improve the long-term prognosis of Korean patients with rare endocrine diseases by collecting comprehensive clinical data, biospecimens, and patient-reported outcomes to identify complications and unmet needs in patient care. Patients with childhood-onset pituitary, adrenal, or gonadal disorders, such as craniopharyngioma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and Turner syndrome were prioritized. The planned enrollment is 1,300 patients during the first study phase (2022–2024). Clinical, biochemical, and imaging data from diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during 1980–2023 were retrospectively reviewed. For patients who agreed to participate in the prospective cohort, clinical data and biospecimens will be prospectively collected to discover ideal biomarkers that predict the effectiveness of disease control measures and prognosis. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and depression scales, will be evaluated to assess psychosocial outcomes. Additionally, a substudy on CAH patients will develop a steroid hormone profiling method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to improve diagnosis and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study will address unmet clinical needs by discovering ideal biomarkers, introducing evidence-based treatment guidelines, and ultimately improving long-term outcomes in the areas of rare endocrine and metabolic diseases.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated. This study involves 30 centers across Korea. The study aims to improve the long-term prognosis of Korean patients with rare endocrine diseases by collecting comprehensive clinical data, biospecimens, and patient-reported outcomes to identify complications and unmet needs in patient care. Patients with childhood-onset pituitary, adrenal, or gonadal disorders, such as craniopharyngioma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and Turner syndrome were prioritized. The planned enrollment is 1,300 patients during the first study phase (2022–2024). Clinical, biochemical, and imaging data from diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during 1980–2023 were retrospectively reviewed. For patients who agreed to participate in the prospective cohort, clinical data and biospecimens will be prospectively collected to discover ideal biomarkers that predict the effectiveness of disease control measures and prognosis. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and depression scales, will be evaluated to assess psychosocial outcomes. Additionally, a substudy on CAH patients will develop a steroid hormone profiling method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to improve diagnosis and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study will address unmet clinical needs by discovering ideal biomarkers, introducing evidence-based treatment guidelines, and ultimately improving long-term outcomes in the areas of rare endocrine and metabolic diseases.