No abstract available.
Immune System* ; Neuropeptides* ; Substance P*

No Abstracts Available.
Asthma* ; Neuropeptides*

No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Excitatory Amino Acids* ; N-Methylaspartate* ; Rats* ; Receptors, Glutamate* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate*

A Prospective study was done about incidence and treatment of hemodynamically significant' patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Ewha University Hospital from Feb. 1984 for one year. The results were as follows; 1) Among 46 infants with birth weight less than 2,000gm and gestational period 36 wks, 15(32.6%) developed a hemodynamically significant PDA. 2) The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was six times higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(73.3% vs 12.9%). 3) The need for ventilatory assistance was five times higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(80% vs 16.1%). 4) The mortality rate was 40% in PDA group, 15% in non-PDA group. 5) The ratio of left atrium to aorta(LA/AO) in M-mode echocardiography was significantly higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(1.21+/-0.18 vs 0.93+/-0.23). 6) Indomethacin treated with usual medical therapy resulted in ductal closure in 80%, 20% with usual medical therapy only. 7) The mean LA/AO ratio was significantly decreased after indomethacin treatment(1.15+/-0.13 vs 1.21+/-0.18). 8) The change of the value of plasma sodium and potassium was not significant during indomethacin therapy, whereas BUN, creatinine value was increased during treatment, but that was reversible.
Birth Weight ; Creatinine ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Echocardiography ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Mortality ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium

The ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist is usually caused by carpal ganglion, occupational neuritis, ulnar artery disease, fractures of the carpal bones, tumors, rheumatioid arthritis, etc. The ganglion is the most common cause of the distal ulnar nerve entrapment. A fort-two years old woman complained of insidious motor weakness of the left hand. The electromyogram revealed distal ulnar nerve palsy. On examination, her sensibility of affected hand was normal; there were no Tinel's sign and palpable mass on the Guyon's canal and palm; there was obvious wasting of all the interossei. On surgical exploration, the deep branch of the ulnar nerve was compressed by a ganglion at the mid-palmar space, not in the Guyon's canal. Four months after removal, the clawing of the 4th and 5th fingers disappeared, and the pinch power of the left hand recovered normally seventeen months later.
Animals ; Arteries ; Arthritis ; Carpal Bones ; Female ; Fingers ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hand ; Hoof and Claw ; Humans ; Paralysis ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Ulnar Nerve ; Ulnar Neuropathies

During recent 3 years, the authors had treated surgically 31 patients who have had old nerve injuries. 19 patients(21 nerves) of them could be followed for more than 1 year after operation. Of these patients, children were 5 and adults were 14. The elapsed time from the injury were from 3 weeks to 20 months(18 cases under 6months and 3 cases above 6 months). The methods of operation were epineural suture(4 cases), grouped interfascicular suture(8 cases), neurolysis(8cases) and nerve graft(1 case). There were satisfactory or good results in 9 nerves of the 21 old nerve injuries. In 4 of 5 children and 5 of 16 adults, good results were obtained. There were 2, 6 satisfactory or good results in 4 epineural sutures and 8 grouped interfascicular sutures and all poor results in 8 neurolyses. One case treated with nerve graft with sural nerve was showed good result. 9 cases of 18 old injuried nerves under 6 months from injury were good results. All 3 cases over 6 months from injury were poor results.
Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Sural Nerve ; Sutures ; Transplants

The purpose of this study is to observe the changes in 99mTc-MDP uptake of the tibia during blood-flow and skeletal phases and determine the clear borderline between both phases. Serial 99mTc-MDP uptake measurements were performed, as control, in ten matured rabbits with skin incision only and in thirty matured rabbits with fractures of middle and distal one-third of tibia, at ten minutes, thirty minutes, one hour, two hours and four hours after injection of bolus. A value in uptake ratio was calculated by measurements of 99mTc-MDP uptake at each observation time for analogous regions of normal and fractured tibia applied with or without tourniquet. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Group I (skin incision only in ten rabbits) 1) Without tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio tibia was value of 1.05 at ten minutes, 0.97 at thirty minutes, 0.99 at one hour, 1.01 at two hours, 0.97 at three hours and 1.08 at four hours. 2) With tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio of tibia was value of 0.61 at ten minutes, 0.64 at thirty minutes, 0.76 at one hour, 0.98 at two hours, 0.94 at three hours and 1.05 at four hours. 2. Group II (fracture with K-wire fixation in twenty rabbits) 1) Without tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake of tibia was value of 0.73 at ten minutes and 0.80 at two hours. 2) With tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio of tibia was value of 0.45 at ten minutes and 0.76 at two hours. 3) There were no significant change of the 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio in two to four hours after fracture whether the tourniquet was applied on or not. 3. In cases with tourniquet application, there were no significant changes of 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio during two to four hours in group I anda II. This experiments suggest the optimal time for evaluation of the skeletal phase is in two hours following the injection of bolus (99mTc-MDP).
Rabbits ; Skin ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Tibia ; Tourniquets

this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of service by maternity aids concerning maternal and child health in improving simultaneously infant mortality, contraception and vital registration among expectant mothers in rural Korea, where there is less opportunity for maternal and child health care. It is unrealistic to expect to solve this problem in rural Korea through professional persons considering the situation of medical facilities and the sicioeconomic condition of residents. So, we intended to adopt a system of services by maternity aids who were educated formally among indigenous women. After the women were trained in maternal and child heath, contraception, and registration for a short period, they were assigned as a maternity aids to each village to help with various activities concerning maternal and child health, for example, registration of pregnant women, home visiting to check for complications, supplying of delivery kits, attendance at delivery, persuasion of contraception, and invitation for registration and so on. Mean- while, four researchers called on the maternity aids to collect materials concerning vital events, maternal child health, contraception and registration, and to give further instruction and supervision a s the program proceeded. A. Changes of women's attitude by services of maternity aid. Now, we examined to what extent such a service system to expectant mothers affected a change in attitude of women residing in the study area as compared to women of the control area. 1) In the birth and death places, there were no changes between last and present infants, in study or control area. 2) In regard to attendants at delivery, there were no changes except for a small percentage of attendant (8%) by maternity aid in study area. But, I expect that more maternity aids could be used as attendants at delivery if they would be trained further and if there was more explanation to the residents about such a service. 3) Considering the rate of utilization of sterilized delivery kit, I an sure that more than 90 percent would be used if the delivery kit were supplied in the proper time. There were significant differences in rates between the study and the control areas. 4) Taking into consideration the utilization rate of the clinic for prenatal care and well baby care, if such facilities were installed, it would probably be well utilized. 5) In the contraception, the rate of approval was as high as 89 percent in study area as compared to 82 percent in the control area. 6) Considering the rate of pre-and past-partum acceptance on contraception were as much as 70 percent or more, if motivation to use contraception was given to them adequately, the government could reach the goals for family planning as planned. 7) In the vital registration, the rate of birth registration in the study area was some what improved compared to that of the control area, while the rate of death registration was not changed at all. Taking into account the fact that the rate of confirmation of vital events by maternity aids was remarkably high, if the registration system changed to a "notification" system instead of formal registration system, it would be improved significantly compared to present system. B. Effect of the project. Thus, with changes in the residents' attitude, was there a reduction in the infant death rate? 1) It is very difficult problem to compare the mortality of infants between last and present infants, because many women don't wont to answer accurately about their dead children especially the infants that died within a few days after birth. In this study the data of present death comes from the maternity aides who followed up every pregnancy they had recorded to see what had happened. They seem to have very reliable information on what happened in first few weeks with follow up visitits to check out later changes. From these calculation, when we compared the rate of infant death between last and present infant, there was remarkable reduction of death rate for present infant compare to that of last children, namely, the former was 30, while the latter 42. The figure is the lowest rate that I have ever heard. As the quality of data we could assess by comparing the causes of death. In the current death rate by communicable disease was much lower compare to the last child especially, tetanus cases and pneumonia. 2) Next, how many respondents used contraception after birth because of frequent contact with the maternity aid. In the registered cases, the respondents showed a tendency to practice contraception at an earlier age and with a small number of children. In a comparison of the rate of contraception between the study and the control area, the rate int he former was significantly higher than that of the latter. What is more, the proportion favoring smaller numbers of children and younger women rose in the study area as compared to the control area. 3) Regarding vital registration, though the rate of registration was gradually improved by efforts of maternity aid, it would be better to change the registration system. 4) In the crude birth rate, the rate in the study area was 22.2 while in the control area was 26.5. Natural increase rate showed 15.4 in the study area, while control area was 19.1. 5) In assessment of the efficiency of the maternity aids judging by the cost-effect viewpoint, the workers in the Medium area seemed to be more efficiency than those of other areas.
Birth Rate ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child Health* ; Child* ; Communicable Diseases ; Contraception ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Family Planning Services* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; House Calls ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Korea ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Motivation ; Organization and Administration ; Parturition ; Persuasive Communication ; Pneumonia ; Population Growth ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care ; Tetanus

No abstract available.
Schizophrenia*