No abstract available.
Bowen's Disease ; Foot

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Peritonitis*

No abstract available.
Lipoproteins* ; Nephrosis, Lipoid*

Neuronal migrational disorders of the brain represent abnormalities in the formation of the neocortex caused by faulty migration of the subependymal neuroblasts. The neuroblasts normally migrate between the sixth and 15th gestational week and in doing so form the six-layered neocortex. When the migration does not occur in a normal fashion the resultant brain anomalies include lissencephaly, pachygyria, schizencephaly, hemimegalencephaly, heterotopia, and polymicrogyria. Neuronal heterotopia is a collection of nerve cells in abnormal locations as a result of arrest of their radial migration, improper formation, or destruction of the radial glial fiber. We reported a case of neuronal heterotopia with brief review of related literatures.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Brain ; Lissencephaly ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Neocortex ; Neuronal Migration Disorders ; Neurons*

Laryngoscopy and intubation cause an adrenergic response manifested by tachycardia and hypertension. Various phamacological agents have been administered prior to induction in an attempt to attenuate the adrenergic response but they all have limitations. The objective of our study was to determine if esmolol would be equally effective when adrninistered in a bolus with and without fentanyl. A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted in sixty ASA physical status 1 patients undergoing elective surgery. All patients were premedicated with 0.2 mg/kg diazepam orally and glycopyrrolate 0.04 mg/kg intramuseularyly 1 hour beforehand. Induction of anesthesia was accomplished with 4 mg/kg thiopental intravenously foUowed immediately by 0.15-0.2 mg/kg vecuronium and study drug (placebo, esmolol 150 mg, esmolol 150 mg and fentanyl 100 mcg). Endotracheal intubation was performed at 2 minutes after study drug adrninistration. Anesthesia was maintained with 1 MAC (+/-10%) isoflurane in 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen at a 5 L/min flow for 6 minutes. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured every minute by an automatic recording device. After laryngoscopy and intubation, maximum increase in stolic blood pressure above awake levels was 33 mmHg (p<0.05) and 14 mmHg (p<0.05) in esmolol 150 mg, esmolol 150 mg with fentanyl 100 mcg respectively, whereas systolic blood pressure increased 62 mmHg after tracheal intubation in patients with placebo. In six patients with esmolol 150 mg, rate-pressure product reached a level considered potentially dangerous to patients with coronary artery disease. However, when used with fentanyl, esmolol provides effectvie protection against the adrenergic response and increase of the rate-pressure product to laryngoscopy and intubation.
Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diazepam ; Fentanyl* ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Isoflurane ; Laryngoscopy ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide

PURPOSE: To determine the reference values of hematologic and biochemical parameters of nutrition around the weaning period. METHODS: From February 1996 to March 1997, several nutritional laboratory values were evaluated in 130 healthy babies and 120 inpatients in the recovery stage of acute illness at six general hospitals. RESULTS: Reference values in 9-month-old healthy babies(range : 6-12 months) were hemoglobin 11.8+/-0.9g/dL, hematocrit 30.9+/-0.7%, serum ferritin 25.7+/-15.4ng/mL, total protein(TP) 6.5+/-0.5g/ dL, albumin 4.6+/-0.5g/dL, prealbumin 15.6+/-3.9mg/L, cholesterol 154.7+/-22.4mg/dL, calcium 10.1+/-0.5mg/dL, phosphorus 6.1+/-0.9mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 235.1+/-66.4U/L. Reference values in 15-month-old healthy babies(range : 13-18 months) were hemoglobin 12.3+/-1.0g/dL, hematocrit 30.9+/-0.4%, serum ferritin 20.4+/-11.2ng/mL, TP 6.8+/-0.6g/dL, albumin 4.7+/-0.5g/dL, prealbumin 18.1+/-4.6mg/L, cholesterol 163.1+/-24.2mg/dL, calcium 9.3+/-1.0mg/dL, phosphorus 6.0+/-0.8mg/dL and ALP 254.5+/-64.0U/L. Most reference values were significantly lower in inpatients than the healthy babies, except for serum ferritin level which was the opposite. There were no significant differences in reference values according to feeding and weaning practices. Incidence of anemia(hemoglobin<10.5g/dL) and iron deficiency(serum ferritin<10ng/mL) were 5%(3/60), 11.7%(7/60) in 9-month-old healthy babies and 2.9%(2/70), 18.6%(18/70) in 15-month-old healthy babies, respectively. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia(serum cholesterol>200mg/dL) was 8.6% in 15-month-old healthy babies. CONCLUSION: This study presented the reference values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, total protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase around the weaining period. The current nutritional status of Korean babies around the weaning period was appropriate except for borderline iron deficiency.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Ferritins ; Hematocrit ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Inpatients ; Iron ; Nutritional Status ; Phosphorus ; Prealbumin ; Reference Values* ; Weaning*

PURPOSE: To determine the reference values of hematologic and biochemical parameters of nutrition around the weaning period. METHODS: From February 1996 to March 1997, several nutritional laboratory values were evaluated in 130 healthy babies and 120 inpatients in the recovery stage of acute illness at six general hospitals. RESULTS: Reference values in 9-month-old healthy babies(range : 6-12 months) were hemoglobin 11.8+/-0.9g/dL, hematocrit 30.9+/-0.7%, serum ferritin 25.7+/-15.4ng/mL, total protein(TP) 6.5+/-0.5g/ dL, albumin 4.6+/-0.5g/dL, prealbumin 15.6+/-3.9mg/L, cholesterol 154.7+/-22.4mg/dL, calcium 10.1+/-0.5mg/dL, phosphorus 6.1+/-0.9mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 235.1+/-66.4U/L. Reference values in 15-month-old healthy babies(range : 13-18 months) were hemoglobin 12.3+/-1.0g/dL, hematocrit 30.9+/-0.4%, serum ferritin 20.4+/-11.2ng/mL, TP 6.8+/-0.6g/dL, albumin 4.7+/-0.5g/dL, prealbumin 18.1+/-4.6mg/L, cholesterol 163.1+/-24.2mg/dL, calcium 9.3+/-1.0mg/dL, phosphorus 6.0+/-0.8mg/dL and ALP 254.5+/-64.0U/L. Most reference values were significantly lower in inpatients than the healthy babies, except for serum ferritin level which was the opposite. There were no significant differences in reference values according to feeding and weaning practices. Incidence of anemia(hemoglobin<10.5g/dL) and iron deficiency(serum ferritin<10ng/mL) were 5%(3/60), 11.7%(7/60) in 9-month-old healthy babies and 2.9%(2/70), 18.6%(18/70) in 15-month-old healthy babies, respectively. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia(serum cholesterol>200mg/dL) was 8.6% in 15-month-old healthy babies. CONCLUSION: This study presented the reference values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, total protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase around the weaining period. The current nutritional status of Korean babies around the weaning period was appropriate except for borderline iron deficiency.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Ferritins ; Hematocrit ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Inpatients ; Iron ; Nutritional Status ; Phosphorus ; Prealbumin ; Reference Values* ; Weaning*

BACKGROUND: Optimal control for the management of the length of stay in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) following general anesthesia in adults is an important strategy for surgical patients' care. A model to predict the results of the PACU stays could be used to improve the utilization of the PACU and resources of the operating room through a more efficient arrangement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the decision tree based analysis using clinical sets of data from adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. METHODS: The decision tree was trained with 351 clinical sets (86% in 409 data sets) using a Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) algorithm and validated through independent testing of 58 cases (14%). Twenty-two independent variables were used to find determinant variables and to predict categorical dependent values (lengths of stay in the PACU). RESULTS: The decision tree based analysis correctly predicted in 68% of real situations and identified influencing variables as intubation state, complication in the PACU, and intraoperative transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the decision tree based analysis could provide a useful predictive and classifying model for the optimization of limited resources of the PACU. The decision tree based analysis is an alternative way of classifying, and a predicting method for developing a model for lengths of stay in the PACU with easy interpretation and clear graphical displays of the structure of variables.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Decision Trees ; Humans ; Intubation ; Length of Stay* ; Operating Rooms

Supernumerary isochromosome resulting in autosomal tetrasomy are rare and have been described only for 12P, 18P, and 9P. Tetrasomy 9P, initially described by Ghymer et al, is a rare chromosomal aberration that has been described in 20 patients. Affected subjects show both cytogenetic and ohenotypic variability. Some patients have the abnormal cell line in all cells, but many display tissue limited mosaicism. The phenotype varies in severity from prenatal death to mild developmental delay and minor anomalies. We reported a infant with mild manifestations of tetrasomy 9p with brief review of related literatures.
Cell Line ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Isochromosomes ; Mosaicism ; Phenotype ; Tetrasomy*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety in the labor induction between the high dose oxytocin method and the new low dose oxytocin method. STUDY DESIGN: Firstly, we selected 125 pregnant women hospitalized, having the indication of labor induction from March, 1995 to August, 1996. Of them, we selected 61 pregnant women tothem the high dose oxytocin method was used, as the control group, and in- creased the quantity of 2.5 mU/min every 20 minutes with the start dose of 2.5 mU/min to them. On the other hand, with the start dose of 1.25 mU/min, we increased the quantity of 1.25 mU/min every 20 minutes to the study group of low dose oxytocin method, 64 pregnant women. RESULTS: No statistical significance was found in the time from the effective uterine contraction to the delivery in the study group, in contrast to that of the control group to them the labor induction was conducted by using the high dose oxytocin. Maximum amount used to the high dose oxytocin was significantly more than that of the low dose oxytacin, but in the total given dose, there was no significant difference between two groups. Maxi- mum uterine contraction of the control group did not show any significant. difference from that of the study group, and there was also no significant difference in the frequency of generating the complications such as fetal distress. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the labor.induction -to delivery time, and the complications of fetus, between the existing high dose oxytocin method and the new low dose oxytocin method. Therefore it is thought the low dose oxytocin method may reduce the possibility of a complieation compared with the high dose oxytocin method. However, it is considered this matter must be investigated further in the futrre.
Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fetus ; Hand ; Humans ; Oxytocin* ; Pregnant Women ; Uterine Contraction