Spontaneous Infarction of fibroadenoma of the breast is very uncommon and may lead to difficulties in clinical and pathological diagnosis. Most reported cases occured in young women during pregnancy or lactation. This report describes imprint cytologic features of an infarcted fibroadenoma in a 19-year-old young woman without evidence of pregnancy. The smears revealed many individually scattered degenerated or necrotic epithelial or spindle stromal cells and naked nuclei on dirty necrotic background. A few sheets of cohesive uniform epithelial cells and a few fragments of stromal cells were also present. Most of the epithelial cells had pyknotic and hyperchromatic nuclei, however, cellular atypism such as pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli or mitosis were not present. Though the necrotic ductular and glandular outline of this case may bear a superficial resemblance to adenocarcinoma, obvious cytologic atypia or mitosis, even in the necrotic areas, were not present.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Interleukin-2* ; Lactation ; Mitosis ; Pleura ; Pregnancy ; Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural ; Stromal Cells ; Young Adult

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A*

The clinical data of 27 patiets with hypophosphatemic rickets treated with phosphate and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D were analysed retrospectively. The median age at diagnosis was 4 years, and the main clinical manifestations were bowleg and short stature. Among total 24 families, 5 families (21%) had X-linked dominant mode of inheritance, 1 family (4%) had autosomal dominant mode and 17 families (71%) had no family history, The serum phosphorus concentration rose from initial value of 2.7+/-0.13mg/dl to 3.5+/-0.19mg/dl. The serum alkaline phosphatase was reduced from 871+/-63IU/L to 393+/-41IU/L. Healing of rickets was demonstrated by radiography. Patients treated for at least two years before the onset of puberty had an increase in the mean height SD score from -1.58 to -0.79. Orthopedic surgeries for severe lower extremity deformity were performed in 11 patients, of whom 8(73%) were dignosed over 5 years of age. Complications of therapy were as follows; 12 patients (44%) developed more than one episode of hypercalciuria, 5 patients (19%) developed more than one episode of hypercalcemia, and nephrocalcinosis was noted in 5(33%) out of 15 patients by renal ultrasound. The group with nephrocalcinosis had a higher incidence of hypercalemic episodes than the group without nephrocalcinosis. In conclusion, treatment of hypophosphatemic rickets results in healing of rickets and acceleration of growth, and we must evaluate complications of therapy such as hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis.
Acceleration ; Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypercalciuria ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Orthopedics ; Phosphorus ; Puberty ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Rickets ; Rickets, Hypophosphatemic* ; Ultrasonography ; Wills

Ancient (degenerated) schwannomas are benign tumors that display pronounced degenerative changes including cyst formation, calcification, hemorrhage, and hyaliniz ation. The tumors are usually infiltrated by large numbers of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, siderophages, and histiocytes. They are located in deep locations such as the retroperitoneum and must be differentiated from malignant soft tissue tumors because spindle cells with nuclear atypia may be present in the fine needle aspiration biopsy. The cytologic findings of two cases of ancient schwannoma occurring in posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum, respectively, are described. Computerized tomographic findings of both cases showed changes of cystic degeneration or necrosis. A case occurred in retroperitoneum revealed features of destruction of vertebral body to suggest a malignant soft tussue tumor radiologically. The cytologic findings of aspiration biopsy of both tumors revealed that the tumor cells were spindle in shape with elongated nuclei. Some of tumor cells were arranged in a palisading fashion. Cell structures that resemble the Verocay bodies were observed. Some of the tumor cells showed pleomorphic bizarre nuclei, but no mitotic activity or chromatin clumping was seen. Inflammatory cells, siderophages and histiocytes were scattered in fibrillar material. These cytologic findings are important in the diagnosis of ancient schwannoma and in the differentiation of this tumor from the malignant spindle cell tumor.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Biopsy, Needle ; Child* ; Chromatin ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Mediastinum ; Methylprednisolone* ; Necrosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Neurilemmoma ; Neutrophils

The application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology to the soft tissue tumors had been neglected. In recent years, however, FNA has been used increasingly in the preoperative diagnosis of these tumors due to its usefulness and accuracy. We present 3 cases of liposarcoma, myxoid, myxoid with round cell, and pleomorphic, diagnosed by FNA cytology with histologic confirmation. Good correlation between his- tologic and FNA cytologic findings was found. Although the cytologic appearances of liposarcomas varied with histologic type, the main criterion was the presence of atypical multivacuolated lipoblast with characteristically scalloped nuclei.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular* ; Liposarcoma ; Liposarcoma, Myxoid ; Pectinidae

Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is elevated in hepatobiliary disease, bone disease, pregnancy and certain neoplasms. Recently we experienced marked elevation of serum AP activity after administration of albumin preparation in nephrotic patients who suffered from hypovolemic symptoms. So serum AP activity and the isoenzymes in the albumin preparations & patient's serum after the administration of albumin preparation were studied. Serum AP activity was significantly higher after administration of albumin preparation (318+/-101 IU/L) then before (123+/-43 IU/L). The predominant isoenzyme after administration of albumin was placental type, while liver and bone type was predominant before administration. AP activity in albumin preparation was high (2,133+/-1,410 IU/L) and the isoenzyme was mostly placental type. So we concluded that marked elevation of serum AP activity after administration of albumin was traced to the placental type AP isoenzyme in some albumin preparations which was manufactured from the plasma of placental origin. Elevated serum AP activity like these may lead to erroneous interpretation. Manufactures should notify alkaline phosphatase activity in albumin preparations of placental origin.
Administration, Intravenous* ; Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Bone Diseases ; Humans ; Hypovolemia ; Isoenzymes ; Liver ; Plasma ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Humans* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

Liver is generally known as an organ which is most commonly involved by the metastic tumors. According to the tendency of using fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of hepatic tumors, the differentital diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma frequently has been a main issue in the poorly differentitated cases, especially to the pathologists of Korea, an endemic area of hepatocellular carcinoma. Until now the problem has been usually solved by the comparison of cytologic characteristics of their tumor cells but not by background cytologic features which rarely have been studied. We observed the background cytologic features helpful for the differential diagnosis through the analysis of 20 cases who had confirmed primary cancer and were diagnosed as metastatic carcinomas in the liver by fine needle aspiration cytology. Twenty cases included 9 adenocarcinomas, 7 spuamous cell carcinomas, 1 small cell carcinoma, 1 carcinoid, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 renal cell cacinoma. Analysis of background cytologic features revealed that 77% of adenocacinoma cases showed benign mesenchymal components and hepatocytes and spuamous cell carcinoma cases disclosed benign mesenchymal tissue (71%) and necrosis (57%). Remaining cases showed variable combinations of benign mesenchymal component, necrosis, hepatocytes, and bile duct epithelial cells. No case revealed atypical hepatocytic naked nuclei, a useful cytologic finding of hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, the background cytologic features more commonly observed in metastatic carcinomas than in the hepatocellular carcinoma were benign mesenchymal components, hepatocytes, necrosis, and bile duct epithelium. The endothelial cells and hepatocytic naked nuclei, two relatively specific findings of hepatocellular carcinoma were not observed except for renal cell carcinoma. Above background cytologic features are thought to be helpful for the differential diagnosis between the hepatocellular carcinoma and various metastatic carcinomas in the poorly differentiated cases.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bile Ducts ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome* ; Hepatocytes ; Korea ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Pneumococcal Infections* ; Ulnar Nerve