Though the incidence of paragonimiasis has been remarkably decreased since 1970, it is still not a rare disease in Korea. Major problems in the diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis on chest radiography are its differentiation from pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer. Chest radiographic findings have been described in detail, but little have been reported on CT findings. We reviewed CT findings of 10 patients with pulmonary paragonimiasis. The characteristic CT findings were similar to those on chest radiography, such as air-space consolidation (70%), nodular mass (50%), pleural effusion (40%), cystic lesion (30%), small low density within the mass (30%), linear density (20%), pneumothorax(20%), and burrow track (20%). CT depicted the cystic lesions and the burrow tracks more clearly and showed the small worm-retaining cysts within the mass that were not detectable on chest radiography. In conclusion, all of these CT findings are useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis especially when differentiation from tuberculosis or lung canceris difficult on chest radiography.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Paragonimiasis* ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rare Diseases ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: Related factors for 24 nursing diagnoses frequently used in the emergency care unit were validated in this study. METHOD: A convenience sample of 65 registered nurses who had worked for 2 years or more in emergency care units and received instruction on nursing diagnosis was used for the study. The classification of nursing diagnoses was based on NANDA (1996) and validation, on Fehring (1987)'s DCV model. RESULT: Differences were found between emergency and general care units for related factors for nursing diagnosis. Newly reported related factors were not found for emergency care units. CONCLUSION: It is helpful for nurses who work in emergency care to be able to apply the nursing diagnosis validated in this study. These findings can be used as the database to provide a nursing diagnosis system appropriate to improving the emergency nursing practice.
Classification ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services* ; Emergency Nursing ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing*

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate sexual behavior, pregnancy and contraception knowledge among teenage. METHOD: The subjects were 627 of teenaged girls from 14 to 19 years old who lived in a capital city. Data was collected by questionnaire surveys used the convenience sampling. The instrument used for this study was contraception knowledge tool. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive statics, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test for post hoc with SPSS program. RESULT: The finding of Sex experience was kiss and petting experience 196 (32%), sex intercourse 44 (7.2%) and pregnancy 6 (1%). Average of contraception knowledge was 3.8 score (total 15). Statically significant general characteristics variable related to sex experience were age, school type, smoking and alcohol use. Statically significant general characteristics variable related to contraception knowledge were age, school type, previous sex education and contraception education. CONCLUSION: These results of this study provided health professional informations to develop intervention programs to reduce teenage pregnancy.
Adolescent* ; Contraception* ; Education ; Female* ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Pregnancy in Adolescence ; Pregnancy* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Education ; Sexual Behavior* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Young Adult

In 2018, The Ministry of Health and Welfare announced its first comprehensive plan for patient safety, which included the imperative to develop a patient safety curriculum for students studying to become health professionals. The aim of this study is to assess current patient safety education and points of consideration for introducing new curriculum. An online survey was used to understand the status of patient safety education in medical schools, and key informant interviews and focus group interviews were used to collect qualitative data on the experience of patient safety education. The results of the online survey from 16 out of 40 medical schools (40% response rate) and the qualitative data analysis were integrated and analyzed. Twelve schools (75%) had established courses related to patient safety. The qualitative responses suggest that patient safety education is appropriate both before and after clinical training through a variety of educational methods, and that the topics should be linked with clinical training. The challenge of securing lecture time to address patient safety was mentioned as a realistic obstacle. When patient safety education is integrated in future curriculum, it is necessary to consider it as a priority. Moreover, in the early stages of introducing patient safety education, a step-by-step, policy-based approach is required for seamless adoption and settlement.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the status and need for nutrition and dietary life education among nutrition teachers at schools. These characteristics were analyzed if they were different between elementary schools and middle-high schools. METHODS: Subjects were 151 nutrition teachers from 70 elementary schools, 41 middle schools and 40 high schools in 17 cities nationwide selected by two-stage stratified cluster sampling process. Survey questionnaires included the items on general characteristics, status and need assessment for nutrition and dietary life education. Chi-square test or t-test was used for data analysis by school groups. RESULTS: Nutrition education was implemented at 65.7% of elementary schools and 51.9% of middle-high schools. Nutrition education was mainly performed in 'discretionary activities·extracurricular activities' at elementary school and through 'newsletters, school homepage, foodservice bulletin board' at middle-high school (p<0.001). The most needed topic for nutrition education in nutrition teachers was 'healthy dietary habits and table manners' and this was not significantly different by school groups. Responses on adequate frequency (p<0.01), methods used for nutrition education (p<001), materials for nutrition education (p<0.001), information sources for nutrition education (p<0.001) were significantly different by school groups. Major tasks for activating nutrition education included 'securing the time for implementing nutrition education by reducing work loads' and 'developing standardized nutrition education materials' in schools. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition education at schools might be activated by improving working conditions of nutrition teachers and developing the practical programs that reflect the needs of nutrition teachers.
Adolescent ; Child ; Education* ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Needs Assessment ; Statistics as Topic

Acute infarction in the whole territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) can lead to massive cerebral edema, raised intracranial pressure and cerebral herniation which may result in come and death ultimately. There are same reports which mentioned that craniectomy or stroketomy was an effective life-saving procedure and favorable outcome would be expected after the procedure. In this study, the effect of decompressive partial temporal lobectomy was evaluated in twelve patients of extensive panhemispheric infarction of middle cerebral artery(MCA). We investigated radiologically proven patients of extensive panhemispheric infarction of MCA with impending herniation process, who were admitted to our hospital from March 1991 to June 1996, prospectively and retrospectively. Decompressive partial temporal lobectomy was performed in twelve patients and eighteen patients were treated by only conventional medical treatment(control group). Prognosis were compared between two groups to analyse the effect of the decompressive lobectomy. Fourteen out of the 18 controls(78%) and five out of 12 patients who were treated by decompressive lobectomy(41%) expired due to herniation process. The mortality between two groups was significantly different(P(0.05). Four patient had relatively good outcome(by Barthel index score) and all of them belonged to the decompressive lobectomy group. These results suggest that the decompressive lobectomy be an effective life saving procedure for malignant cerebral edema after a total MCA infarction.
Brain Edema ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Intracranial Pressure ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies

Small incision cataract surgery using phacoemulsification, self sealing, small diameter optics and foldable intraocular lenses has been developed. These small incisions are designed to minimize the astigmatism induced by the surgery. The 3.5mm clear corneal incision for the implantation of foldable silicone lense has been widely used. However, the implantation of a PMMA lense has been tried in spite of the longer incision required for the unfoldable PMMA lense. Generally, longer incision was believed to increase the risk of infection and induced asigmatism. In this study, we analyzed the results of clear corneal incision between injectable silicone IOLs and 5mm optic PMMA IOLs. In the early postoperative period(to 3 months) vector analysis showed less induced astigmatism in the 3.5mm group than that in the 5.1mm group. The corrected visual acuity during the postoperative period was not diffrent between two groups. The posterior capsular fibrosis in 3.5mm silicone IOLs was more common than that in 5mm PMMA IOLs.
Astigmatism ; Cataract* ; Fibrosis ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Postoperative Period ; Silicones ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Optiscope PM201 is a newly developed video stylet device. In comparison to the Macintosh laryngoscope, it offers a significantly improved laryngeal view and facilitates endotracheal intubation. The present study was performed to compare the general efficiency and the cardiovascular responses generated by Macintosh and Optiscope PM201 systems during endotracheal intubation. METHODS: This study included 66 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I or II requiring tracheal intubation for general anesthesia. All patients were randomly allocated into two groups: OptiScope PM201 (group O) and Macintosh (group M). Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, MBP, DBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded just prior to intubation (Tbase), 1 minute after intubation (T0), and over the following 10 minutes at 5 minute intervals 5, 10 minutes after intubation (T1, T2). Time for intubation and degree of sore throat were also recorded. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in SBP, MBP, DBP, HR, incidence of sore throat and time for intubation between both groups. The incidence of oral bleeding was none in patient in the Group O versus 1 in group M (P = 0.306). CONCLUSIONS: OptiScope PM201 video system in endotracheal intubation did not increase hemodynamic changes and postoperative airway complications comparing to the use of Macintosh laryngoscope.
Anesthesia, General ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopes ; Pharyngitis

BACKGROUND: Optiscope PM201 is a newly developed video stylet device. In comparison to the Macintosh laryngoscope, it offers a significantly improved laryngeal view and facilitates endotracheal intubation. The present study was performed to compare the general efficiency and the cardiovascular responses generated by Macintosh and Optiscope PM201 systems during endotracheal intubation. METHODS: This study included 66 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I or II requiring tracheal intubation for general anesthesia. All patients were randomly allocated into two groups: OptiScope PM201 (group O) and Macintosh (group M). Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, MBP, DBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded just prior to intubation (Tbase), 1 minute after intubation (T0), and over the following 10 minutes at 5 minute intervals 5, 10 minutes after intubation (T1, T2). Time for intubation and degree of sore throat were also recorded. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in SBP, MBP, DBP, HR, incidence of sore throat and time for intubation between both groups. The incidence of oral bleeding was none in patient in the Group O versus 1 in group M (P = 0.306). CONCLUSIONS: OptiScope PM201 video system in endotracheal intubation did not increase hemodynamic changes and postoperative airway complications comparing to the use of Macintosh laryngoscope.
Anesthesia, General ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopes ; Pharyngitis

Objective: Hypoxic ischemia (HI) is a secondary insult that can cause fatal neurologic outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI), ranging from mild cognitive deficits to persistent vegetative states. We here aimed to unravel the underlying pathological mechanisms of HI injury in a TBI mouse model. Methods: Neurobehavior, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury followed by HI. Mice underwent CCI alone, CCI followed by HI, HI alone, or sham operation. HI was induced by one-vessel carotid ligation with 1 hour of 8% oxygen in nitrogen. Learning and memory were assessed using the novel object recognition test, contextual and cued fear conditioning, and Barnes maze test. Brain cytokine production and oxidative stress-related components were measured. Results: Compared to TBI-only animals, TBI followed by HI mice exhibited significantly poorer survival and health scores, spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze test, discrimination memory in the novel object recognition test, and fear memory following contextual and cued fear conditioning. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in TBI followed by HI mice compared to TBI-only and sham counterparts, respectively. Interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher in TBI followed by HI mice compared to both TBI-only and sham animals. Conclusion Post-traumatic HI aggravated deficits in spatial, fear, and discrimination memory in an experimental TBI mouse model. Our results suggest that increased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress contribute to HI-induced neurobehavioral impairments after TBI.