To determine whether personal history of lactation in premenopausal women influence bone mineral density, a cross-sectional study was conducted. One hundred eighty-four premenopausal women were selected from women who had been checked for bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absortiometry in lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanteric site at general hospitals in Seoul and Pusan. They completed a questionnaire including life style factors and reproductive history. In the data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to test any association between individual variables and bone mineral density and a statistical comparisons between long term lactation(>24 months) and short term lactation(<24 months) were made by one way analysis of covariance. The results were summarized as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae in premenopausal women between the long term lactation group(>24months) and the short term lactation group(<24months). 2) There was no significant difference in the bone mineral density of the femur neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanteric site in premenopausal women between the long term lactation group (>24months) and the short term lactation group (<24months). Considering these results, we suggest prospective studies that measure bone mineral density before and after, in addition to those during lactation. We also suggest the further study with premenopausal women less than 35 who have achieved peak adult bone mass.
Adult ; Bone Density* ; Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Busan ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Lactation ; Life Style ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproductive History ; Seoul ; Spine ; Statistics as Topic

Leri-Weill syndrome or Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis represents a short stature syndrome that is characterized by symmetric shortening of the forearms and lower legs and a bilateral shortening and bowing of the radius with a dorsal subluxation of the distal ulna(Madelung deformity). Recent genetic analyses demonstrated that functional haploinsufficiency of SHOX(short stature homeobox-containing gene) accounts for Leri-Weill syndrome. Further studies are needed to explain phenotypic heterogeneity of SHOX defect. We experienced a case of Leri-Weill syndrome in a 11-year-old girl with short stature, who revealed typical Madelung deformity, mesomelic(middle segment) dysplasia, and a karyotype of 46,XX. In cases with dyschondrosteosis or Turner-characteristic dysmorphic skeletal features, detection of SHOX mutation is recommended.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Forearm ; Haploinsufficiency ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leg ; Population Characteristics ; Radius

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
DNA, Recombinant* ; Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Yeasts*

CD44, an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed by many cell types, serves as the principal transmembrane hyaluronate receptor and may be a determinant of metastatic and invasive behavior in carcinomas. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between CD44 splicing variants v4/5 and v6 expression and histopathologic prognostic factors (depth of tumor invasion, histologic classification, vascular and lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis) in 107 gastric adenocarcinomas. In 107 cases of gastric carcinoma, the immunohistochemical stainining for CD44 v4/5 and CD44 v6 gave the following results. CD44 v4/5 was expressed in 40.2% and CD44 v6 in 67.3% of gastric carcinomas. The expression of CD44 v4/5 was correlated with histologic classification by Lauren (p<0.05), lymphatic invasion (p<0.05), and lymph node metastasis (p<0.004). In contrast, expression of CD44 v6 had no impact on prognostic markers. This study suggests the role of CD44 v4/5 in invasion, metastasis, and its prognostic significance in gastric adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Classification ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Neoplasm Metastasis

The purposes of this study were to identify the significance of a nutrition teacher, to analyze the importance of competence as a nutrition teacher and to evaluate the importance and difficulty for duties of nutrition teachers. The questionnaire was distributed to 554 preliminary teachers and a total of 468 usable data were collected with 84.5% of response rate from August to October 2006. The statistical data analysis was completed by using SPSS Win (ver. 10.0) for descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA and chi-sqare-test. The results were as follows: Preliminary nutrition teachers expected that conversion of a school dietitian into a nutrition teacher could lead to systematic and constant nutrition education and come into synergic effect by doing meal service with nutrition education. For a teacher's competence, all three paradigms were perceived as important. It was evaluated to be high for a knowledge factor in the empirical. analytic paradigm, a personality factor in the practical.interpretive paradigm and an attitude factor in the critical.emancipatory paradigm. And 'a knowledge for nutrition and sanitation (4.59)'and 'an ability to raise a selfmanagement capacity for right food habit and dietary life (4.59)'were showed as most important in a nutrition teacher. It appeared that both important and difficult duties of nutrition teachers were nutrition education, nutrition counseling and sanitation quality of nutrition education; the most necessary solution was to develop a reference and program for nutrition education (37.4%). In conclusion, the systematic supports of district offices of education and associated institutions as well as sustained efforts of preliminary nutrition teachers for themselves should lead to establish a successful system of nutrition teachers.
Counseling ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Meals ; Mental Competency ; Sanitation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hydrocephalus*

No abstract available.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*