No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between 2-dimensional (2D) cephalometric measurement and 3-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurement, and to evaluate the availability of 3D analysis for asymmetry patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of Twenty-seven patients were evaluated for facial asymmetry by photograph and cephalometric radiograph, and CBCT. The 14 measurements values were evaluated and those for 2D and 3D were compared. The patients were classified into two groups. Patients in group 1 were evaluated for symmetry in the middle 1/3 of the face and asymmetry in the lower 1/3 of the face, and those in group 2 for asymmetry of both the middle and lower 1/3 of the face. RESULTS: In group 1, significant differences were observed in nine values out of 14 values. Values included three from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (cant and both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). In group 2, comparison between 2D and 3D showed significant difference in 10 factors. Values included four from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (both maxillary height, both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). CONCLUSION: Information from 2D analysis was inaccurate in several measurements. Therefore, in asymmetry patients, 3D analysis is useful in diagnosis of asymmetry.
Cephalometry ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Malocclusion

No abstract available.
Body Image* ; Child* ; Food Habits* ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Humans ; Obesity*

clinical and radiologic findings that mainly involve the white/gray matter of the parieto-occipital lobes. The purpose of this study was to determine its clinical and radiological characteristics. METHODS: A total of 15 pateints were involved in the study. Their medical records and radiological features of brain MRI were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Fifteen pateints were involved. (9 males and 5 females). The patients' ages ranged from 2-20 years (mean age:10 years). The brain MRI revealed fairly symmetric areas of increased T2 signal involving both white and gray matter of parieto-occipital regions. The condition seemed to be associated with cyclosporin A and steroid therapy or a variety of other conditions in which blood pressure rises acutely. CONCLUSION: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a complicated neurological condition, but a better understanding of this complex syndrome may obviate unnecessary investigations and lead to prompt and appropriate management of the associated problems.
Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Child* ; Cyclosporine ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical Records ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

Neonatal hypocalcemia and congenital heart defects has been known as the first clinical manifestation of the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). However, because of its wide clinical spectrum, diagnosis of 22q11DS can be delayed in children without classic symptoms. We report the case of a girl with the history of imperforate anus but without neonatal hypocalcemia or major cardiac anomaly, who was diagnosed for 22q11DS at the age of 11 after the onset of overt hypocalcemia. She was born uneventfully from phenotypically normal Korean parents. Imperforate anus and partial cleft palate were found at birth, which were surgically repaired thereafter. There was no history of neonatal hypocalcemia, and karyotyping by GTG banding was normal. At the age of 11, hypocalcemia (serum calcium, 5.0 mg/dL) and decreased parathyroid hormone level (10.8 pg/mL) was noted when she visited our Emergency Department for fever and vomiting. The 22q11DS was suspected because of her mild mental retardation and velopharyngeal insufficiency, and a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The 22q11DS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia at any age because of its wide clinical spectrum.
22q11 Deletion Syndrome* ; Anal Canal* ; Anus, Imperforate ; Calcium ; Child* ; Cleft Palate ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female* ; Fever ; Fluorescence ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia* ; Hypoparathyroidism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotyping ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parents ; Parturition ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ; Vomiting

ANCA-associated vasculitis is one of the immunologic cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). We experienced a rare case of recurrent DAH in a 67-year-old man with ANCA-associated vasculitis who had been on maintenance hemodialysis. Two years ago, he presented with renal failure and hemoptysis. Hemoptysis caused by DAH was resolved immediately and hemodialysis was applied because of persistent uremic symptom. On maintenance hemodialysis, three recurrences have happened so far. At present, oral prednisolone and oral cyclophosphamide are being maintained during outpatient follow-up. Our report suggests that the nephrologist must be concerned about the possibility of recurrent aleveolar hemorrhage in ANCA associated renal disease patients and consider immunosuppressive treatment, even though the patient has been on maintenance hemodialysis.
Aged ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Cyclophosphamide ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Vasculitis*

OBJECTIVES: Childhood depressive disorder one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school aged children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of childhood depressive disorder in Korea. METHODS: In this study, a survey was conducted of elementary school children in the Cheonan area from September 2009 to August 2010. A total of 12,084 children were included in the analyses. The primary measure of depression was the 27-item Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Korean Dupaul attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scales (K-ARS), Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (RLSQ) were also administered. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of childhood depressive disorder was 3.07%. The mean age was 9.21+/-1.81 years for the control group (5,969 male, 6,054 female) and 9.91+/-1.83 years for the depression group (CDI score> or =22 ; 159 male, 210 female). Age, height, weight, and economic status were similar for the two groups. However, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sex. The distribution of school grade also differed between the two groups. Scores for CDI, K-ARS, and ASSQ in the depressive group were higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first large-scale population-based study to report on the prevalence of childhood depressive disorder in South Korea. Increased rates of childhood depressive disorder, as reported by primary caretakers, might reflect the increasing negative impact of environmental risk factors on neurobehavioral health. Longitudinal study of the prevalence of childhood depressive disorder should be considered for further evaluation.
Aged ; Autistic Disorder ; Child ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; Risk Factors ; Self Report ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The subjects of the study were the 120 mothers who had children hospitalized in 6 hospitals in P city during the period from Feb. 1. to May 30. 1996. The purpose of the study are (1) the problem encountered when they carried out Home Care after discharge and (2) the degrees of demand that they had against Home Care Services. In order to investigate the purpose above-mentioned the researchers used the 55 items of Home Care services belonging to 10 areas selected by Korea Home-Care Association in 1994. The items were modified and supplemented to 4-point scale. The selected data were analyzed by SPSS:PC+ and the following results were derived. 1. The subjects payed great attention to 5 items such as "pain control, OPD visits, diet-control problems" among the 15 sources of anxiety that they had against Home Care services after discharge. Especially, "OPD visits and knowledge deficit" would to be overcome by the nursing activities of the Home Care Nurses. 2. The acknowledge level of the subjects to the Home Care Project that governmental plans to carry out was surveyed and found as under : 50.0% responded they heard about Home Care Nursing System. 60.8% said that they thought the system was "very necessary" and "somewhat necessary". 65.0% said they would like to use the system. However, the acknowledge level of 50.0% is still low and is thought to need further national promotion and propagation. 3. The demand of the subjects against 55 Home Care Services was investigated and found as

. "Assessment, Lab, basic nursing technology, relay & transfer, training & education and curative nursing" showed comparatively high scores. However, the items belonging to pediatric Home Care Services such as "umbilical cord care, breast=feeding, infant care, and post-parum care & loan of breast-pump" showed relatively low scores.
Anxiety ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Education ; Home Care Services* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care ; Korea ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Child Health