No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between 2-dimensional (2D) cephalometric measurement and 3-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurement, and to evaluate the availability of 3D analysis for asymmetry patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of Twenty-seven patients were evaluated for facial asymmetry by photograph and cephalometric radiograph, and CBCT. The 14 measurements values were evaluated and those for 2D and 3D were compared. The patients were classified into two groups. Patients in group 1 were evaluated for symmetry in the middle 1/3 of the face and asymmetry in the lower 1/3 of the face, and those in group 2 for asymmetry of both the middle and lower 1/3 of the face. RESULTS: In group 1, significant differences were observed in nine values out of 14 values. Values included three from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (cant and both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). In group 2, comparison between 2D and 3D showed significant difference in 10 factors. Values included four from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (both maxillary height, both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). CONCLUSION: Information from 2D analysis was inaccurate in several measurements. Therefore, in asymmetry patients, 3D analysis is useful in diagnosis of asymmetry.
Cephalometry ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Malocclusion

clinical and radiologic findings that mainly involve the white/gray matter of the parieto-occipital lobes. The purpose of this study was to determine its clinical and radiological characteristics. METHODS: A total of 15 pateints were involved in the study. Their medical records and radiological features of brain MRI were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Fifteen pateints were involved. (9 males and 5 females). The patients' ages ranged from 2-20 years (mean age:10 years). The brain MRI revealed fairly symmetric areas of increased T2 signal involving both white and gray matter of parieto-occipital regions. The condition seemed to be associated with cyclosporin A and steroid therapy or a variety of other conditions in which blood pressure rises acutely. CONCLUSION: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a complicated neurological condition, but a better understanding of this complex syndrome may obviate unnecessary investigations and lead to prompt and appropriate management of the associated problems.
Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Child* ; Cyclosporine ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical Records ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Body Image* ; Child* ; Food Habits* ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Humans ; Obesity*

Neonatal hypocalcemia and congenital heart defects has been known as the first clinical manifestation of the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). However, because of its wide clinical spectrum, diagnosis of 22q11DS can be delayed in children without classic symptoms. We report the case of a girl with the history of imperforate anus but without neonatal hypocalcemia or major cardiac anomaly, who was diagnosed for 22q11DS at the age of 11 after the onset of overt hypocalcemia. She was born uneventfully from phenotypically normal Korean parents. Imperforate anus and partial cleft palate were found at birth, which were surgically repaired thereafter. There was no history of neonatal hypocalcemia, and karyotyping by GTG banding was normal. At the age of 11, hypocalcemia (serum calcium, 5.0 mg/dL) and decreased parathyroid hormone level (10.8 pg/mL) was noted when she visited our Emergency Department for fever and vomiting. The 22q11DS was suspected because of her mild mental retardation and velopharyngeal insufficiency, and a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The 22q11DS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia at any age because of its wide clinical spectrum.
22q11 Deletion Syndrome* ; Anal Canal* ; Anus, Imperforate ; Calcium ; Child* ; Cleft Palate ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female* ; Fever ; Fluorescence ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia* ; Hypoparathyroidism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotyping ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parents ; Parturition ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ; Vomiting

ANCA-associated vasculitis is one of the immunologic cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). We experienced a rare case of recurrent DAH in a 67-year-old man with ANCA-associated vasculitis who had been on maintenance hemodialysis. Two years ago, he presented with renal failure and hemoptysis. Hemoptysis caused by DAH was resolved immediately and hemodialysis was applied because of persistent uremic symptom. On maintenance hemodialysis, three recurrences have happened so far. At present, oral prednisolone and oral cyclophosphamide are being maintained during outpatient follow-up. Our report suggests that the nephrologist must be concerned about the possibility of recurrent aleveolar hemorrhage in ANCA associated renal disease patients and consider immunosuppressive treatment, even though the patient has been on maintenance hemodialysis.
Aged ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Cyclophosphamide ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Vasculitis*

BACKGROUND: Plastic tubes have recently been used for blood collection tubes in clinical laboratories. The silicone coated plastic tube is said to be very similar with the glass tube and to show no difference with the glass tube in routine blood test except for some tests such as hormone tests and drug monitoring. So, we investigated the influence of plastic tube on the thyroid hormone test using two types of plastic vacuum tubes. METHODS: A total of 105 cases for the total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were studied. The glass tube was a plain glass tube, and the plastic tube was a serum separator tube with gel. The plastic vacuum tubes used in this study were the SST II plus tube (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, USA) and the Vacuette tube (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmunster, Austria). An IMMULITE 2000 analyzer (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, USA) was used to measure the total T3, total T4 and TSH. RESULTS: Comparisons of the measured values within 1 hour of blood collection in the plastic tube with that in the glass tube are as follows. There was no difference between the Vacuette tube and the glass tube for the three tests, while there was statistically significant difference between the SST II plus tube and the glass tube for the total T3 and total T4. CONCLUSIONS: It might need more cautious interpretation of the results by a solid-phase, competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, when the plastic vacuum tube is used as a blood collection tube instead of the glass tube.
Drug Monitoring ; Glass* ; Hematologic Tests ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lakes ; Plastics* ; Silicones ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine ; Vacuum*

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) usually cause respiratory distress soon after birth and are associated with a high mortality rate in the early postnatal period. However, there is a milder form of CDH that does not manifest during the neonatal period. The late presenting CDH is characterized by a variable clinical picture. We present the case of an otherwise healthy 5-month-old girl, who was referred for evaluation of an 1-day history of vomiting and irritability. Chest simple X-ray and CT showed bowel loops in the left thoracic cavity, which was consistent with diaphragmatic hernia. At operation, she was found to have a small left posterolateral diaphagmatic defect with viable small bowel loops in the left thoracic cavity. After surgical reposition of the hernia, the symptoms such as vomiting and irritability subsided. The lack of typical manifestation of CDH such as respiratory distress may lead to delayed diagnosis. The possibility of late presenting CDH should not be overlooked even after the neonatal period.
Delayed Diagnosis ; Hernia ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Infant ; Parturition ; Thoracic Cavity ; Thorax ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Females show greater sensitivity than males to several modalities of experimental pain. However, the gender differences in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain have not been studied. The current study examined the gender differences in neuropathic pain behavior and the effect of analgesics in a paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model in rats. METHODS: Neuropathic pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel (2 mg/kg) on 4 alternate days in Sprague-Dawley rats of both genders. Mechanical allodynia was measured using a von Frey filament. The gender differences in analgesic responses were determined after administration of morphine (2 or 5 mg/kg), ketamine (2 or 5 mg/kg), or combined morphine (2 mg/kg) and ketamine (2 mg/kg). RESULTS: Paclitaxel induced mechanical allodynia, which began to manifest on day 4, peaked within 10 days, and plateaued for at least 2 months after the first paclitaxel injection. No gender difference in the manifestation of mechanical allodynia was observed. A 2 mg/kg dose of ketamine increased the mechanical threshold only in males. The 5 mg/kg dose of ketamine significantly increased the mechanical threshold in both genders. Morphine (2 and 5 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased the mechanical thresholds in both genders. The 2 mg/kg dose of ketamine enhanced the antinociceptive effect of 2 mg/kg morphine only in females. CONCLUSIONS: No gender difference in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain or analgesic response to ketamine or morphine was observed in Sprague-Dawley rats. Low dose ketamine enhanced the analgesic effect of morphine on paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia but only in female rats.
Analgesics ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Ketamine ; Male ; Morphine ; Neuralgia ; Paclitaxel ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sex Characteristics

PURPOSE: The authors applied fetal stabilization and evaluated its efficacy as a therapeutic modality in the management of several congenital anomalies that can lead to perinatal respiratory distress, such as a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), large cervical lymphangioma or gastroschisis, etc. METHODS: Between Oct. 2000 and Dec. 2004, 12 newborns, with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia or gastroschisis, were observed and fetal stabilization was applied to 4 neonates. Their clinical characteristics were then retrospectively reviewed. The protocol of this procedure was as followed, (1) monitoring of the fetal respiratory movement and heart beat using Doppler ultrasonography, (2) the intravenous administration of morphine (20 to 30 mg) and diazepam (5 mg) to the mother, (3) proceed to a cesarean section when any interruptions in the fetal movement were confirmed, (4) an intravenous injection of a pancuronimum (0.5 mg) through the umbilical vein, (5) an immediate tracheal intubation before disruption of the placenta, (6) clamping of the umbilical cord, (7) attempt a mechanical ventilation after delivery, (8) maintain percutaneous intravenous catheterization (PIC) and (9) evaluation of the neonate. RESULTS: Of the 10 neonates with a CDH and the 2 with gastroschisis, fetal stabilization was applied to 3 CDH and 1 gastroschisis neonates, respectively. The survival rates were 85.7% that of conventional therapy, 66.7% for fetal stabilization in the CDH neonates and 100% for those with gastroschisis. Relatively, in those with a CDH where fetal stabilization was applied, large defects were observed and they were diagnosed at an earlier period, which could affect the mortality. CONCLUSION: In our experience, fetal stabilization seems to be useful as another alternative therapeutic modality for the control of respiratory distress in the management of a CDH and gastroschisis. However, further experiences with more clinical results will be required
Administration, Intravenous ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section ; Constriction ; Diazepam ; Female ; Fetal Movement ; Gastroschisis ; Heart ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation ; Lymphangioma ; Morphine ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Umbilical Cord ; Umbilical Veins