Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in South Korea, imposing substantial physical, emotional, and financial burdens on patients and society. Despite the high burden of symptom and complex care needs of HF patients, palliative care and hospice services remain underutilized in South Korea due to cultural, institutional, and knowledge-related barriers. This position statement from the Korean Society of Heart Failure emphasizes the need for integrating palliative and hospice care into HF management to improve quality of life and support holistic care for patients and their families. By clarifying the role of palliative care in HF and proposing practical referral criteria, this position statement aims to bridge the gap between HF and palliative care services in South Korea, ultimately improving patient-centered outcomes and aligning treatment with the goals and values of HF patients.

Since the role of the liver in metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, was demonstrated, studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have shown associations between fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Unlike the exclusionary diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, MAFLD diagnosis is based on the presence of metabolic dysregulation in fatty liver disease. Renaming NAFLD as MAFLD also introduced simpler diagnostic criteria. In 2023, a new nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD), was proposed. Similar to MAFLD, SLD diagnosis is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic dysfunction. SLD is categorized into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related/-associated liver disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, specific etiology SLD, and cryptogenic SLD. The term MASLD has been adopted by a number of leading national and international societies due to its concise diagnostic criteria, exclusion of other concomitant liver diseases, and lack of stigmatizing terms. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, clinical relevance, and differences among NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD from a diabetologist’s perspective and provides a rationale for adopting SLD/MASLD in the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association.

This case underscores the rarity of bilateral subcapsular renal hematoma (SCH) as a complication of acute pyelonephritis, and this is the first reported case in South Korea. SCH can have various underlying causes, including cysts, bleeding tendencies, cancer, vascular diseases and, less commonly, infections. A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and alcohol dependency presented with weakness. Bilateral SCH from acute pyelonephritis was diagnosed and treated with antibiotics and renal replacement therapy. Despite improved renal function, 30-day bilateral percutaneous drainage was necessary due to a persistent fever and elevated infection markers, resulting in a bloody, pus-like discharge. This case report sheds light on the rare etiology of bilateral SCH as a result of acute pyelonephritis. It serves as a reminder of the critical importance of timely intervention, to prevent deteriorating outcomes.

Since the role of the liver in metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, was demonstrated, studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have shown associations between fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Unlike the exclusionary diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, MAFLD diagnosis is based on the presence of metabolic dysregulation in fatty liver disease. Renaming NAFLD as MAFLD also introduced simpler diagnostic criteria. In 2023, a new nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD), was proposed. Similar to MAFLD, SLD diagnosis is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic dysfunction. SLD is categorized into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related/-associated liver disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, specific etiology SLD, and cryptogenic SLD. The term MASLD has been adopted by a number of leading national and international societies due to its concise diagnostic criteria, exclusion of other concomitant liver diseases, and lack of stigmatizing terms. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, clinical relevance, and differences among NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD from a diabetologist’s perspective and provides a rationale for adopting SLD/MASLD in the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association.

This case underscores the rarity of bilateral subcapsular renal hematoma (SCH) as a complication of acute pyelonephritis, and this is the first reported case in South Korea. SCH can have various underlying causes, including cysts, bleeding tendencies, cancer, vascular diseases and, less commonly, infections. A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and alcohol dependency presented with weakness. Bilateral SCH from acute pyelonephritis was diagnosed and treated with antibiotics and renal replacement therapy. Despite improved renal function, 30-day bilateral percutaneous drainage was necessary due to a persistent fever and elevated infection markers, resulting in a bloody, pus-like discharge. This case report sheds light on the rare etiology of bilateral SCH as a result of acute pyelonephritis. It serves as a reminder of the critical importance of timely intervention, to prevent deteriorating outcomes.

Since the role of the liver in metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, was demonstrated, studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have shown associations between fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Unlike the exclusionary diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, MAFLD diagnosis is based on the presence of metabolic dysregulation in fatty liver disease. Renaming NAFLD as MAFLD also introduced simpler diagnostic criteria. In 2023, a new nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD), was proposed. Similar to MAFLD, SLD diagnosis is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic dysfunction. SLD is categorized into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related/-associated liver disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, specific etiology SLD, and cryptogenic SLD. The term MASLD has been adopted by a number of leading national and international societies due to its concise diagnostic criteria, exclusion of other concomitant liver diseases, and lack of stigmatizing terms. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, clinical relevance, and differences among NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD from a diabetologist’s perspective and provides a rationale for adopting SLD/MASLD in the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association.

This case underscores the rarity of bilateral subcapsular renal hematoma (SCH) as a complication of acute pyelonephritis, and this is the first reported case in South Korea. SCH can have various underlying causes, including cysts, bleeding tendencies, cancer, vascular diseases and, less commonly, infections. A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and alcohol dependency presented with weakness. Bilateral SCH from acute pyelonephritis was diagnosed and treated with antibiotics and renal replacement therapy. Despite improved renal function, 30-day bilateral percutaneous drainage was necessary due to a persistent fever and elevated infection markers, resulting in a bloody, pus-like discharge. This case report sheds light on the rare etiology of bilateral SCH as a result of acute pyelonephritis. It serves as a reminder of the critical importance of timely intervention, to prevent deteriorating outcomes.

Since the role of the liver in metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, was demonstrated, studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have shown associations between fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Unlike the exclusionary diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, MAFLD diagnosis is based on the presence of metabolic dysregulation in fatty liver disease. Renaming NAFLD as MAFLD also introduced simpler diagnostic criteria. In 2023, a new nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD), was proposed. Similar to MAFLD, SLD diagnosis is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic dysfunction. SLD is categorized into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related/-associated liver disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, specific etiology SLD, and cryptogenic SLD. The term MASLD has been adopted by a number of leading national and international societies due to its concise diagnostic criteria, exclusion of other concomitant liver diseases, and lack of stigmatizing terms. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, clinical relevance, and differences among NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD from a diabetologist’s perspective and provides a rationale for adopting SLD/MASLD in the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association.

This case underscores the rarity of bilateral subcapsular renal hematoma (SCH) as a complication of acute pyelonephritis, and this is the first reported case in South Korea. SCH can have various underlying causes, including cysts, bleeding tendencies, cancer, vascular diseases and, less commonly, infections. A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and alcohol dependency presented with weakness. Bilateral SCH from acute pyelonephritis was diagnosed and treated with antibiotics and renal replacement therapy. Despite improved renal function, 30-day bilateral percutaneous drainage was necessary due to a persistent fever and elevated infection markers, resulting in a bloody, pus-like discharge. This case report sheds light on the rare etiology of bilateral SCH as a result of acute pyelonephritis. It serves as a reminder of the critical importance of timely intervention, to prevent deteriorating outcomes.

Background: s/Aims: Reported incidence of extrahepatic bile duct cancer is higher in Asians than in Western populations. Korea, in particular, is one of the countries with the highest incidence rates of extrahepatic bile duct cancer in the world. Although research and innovative therapeutic modalities for extrahepatic bile duct cancer are emerging, clinical guidelines are currently unavailable in Korea. The Korean Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery in collaboration with related societies (Korean Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery Society, Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology, Korean Society of Medical Oncology, Korean Society of Radiation Oncology, Korean Society of Pathologists, and Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine) decided to establish clinical guideline for extrahepatic bile duct cancer in June 2021. Methods: Contents of the guidelines were developed through subgroup meetings for each key question and a preliminary draft was finalized through a Clinical Guidelines Committee workshop. Results: In November 2021, the finalized draft was presented for public scrutiny during a formal hearing. Conclusions The extrahepatic guideline committee believed that this guideline could be helpful in the treatment of patients.