While lipomas are common in the rest of the body, intracranial lipomas are rare condition which are usually found in the midline of the brain. The majority of these lesions show few or even no symptoms and hardly ever produce alarming neurological defects. We experienced a case of corpus callosum lipoma in a 7 year old boy, who has had headache and loss of consciousness twice. He was diagnosed by skull x-rays and brain CT. We made a brief review of literatures. @PG 428.
Brain ; Child ; Corpus Callosum ; Headache ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Skull ; Unconsciousness

No abstract available.
Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of indomethacin and methylprednisolone on PAN-induced nephrosis in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150~200gm were used and divided into controls, group I (PAN intraperitoneally), group II(PAN intraperitoneally, followed by indomethacin peritoneally for 12 days), group III (PAN intraperitoneally, followed by methylprednisolone peritoneally for 12 days) and group IV (PAN intraperitoneally, followed by cyclosporin subcutaneously for 12 days). Twenty four-hour urinary protein excretion was measured on day 0, 5, 10 and 17. On the 17th day, rats were sacrificed for the determination of total serum protein, albumin and cholesterol levels. Foot process widths of glomerular epithelial cells were measured, and anionic sites of lamina rara externa were determined by using PEI as cationic probes. The following results were obtained. Twenty four-hour urinary protein excretion (mg/day) of group I was significantly increased to 455.7+/-188.8 on the 5th day compared to 15.2+/-3.7 on day 0 (p<0.01), and increased gradulally to 525.6+/-203.5 on the 10th day, then decreased to 280.6+/-25.2 on the 17th day. In group III, 24 hr urinary protein excretion on 17 th day (180.7+/-64.5) was significantly lower than that of group I (280.6+/-25.2). Total serum protein of group III was significantly lower than that of group I, and serum albumin and cholesterol did not show any significant difference among Group I, II, III and IV. Foot process widths (nm) of glomerular epithelial cells in group I, II, III and IV were 409.5+/-15.2, 387.8+/-49.2, 279.9+/-36.9 and 398.3+/-38.3, respectively. And the value of group of group III was significantly lower than that of group I (p<0.01). The number of anionic sites per 1micrometer length of glomerular basement membrane in Group I, II, III and IV were 10.3+/-1.3, 10.1+/-1.6, 12.5+/-1.5and 10.2+/-1.5, respectively. And the value of group III was significantly lower than that of group I (P<0.01). In conclusion, cyclosporin and indomethacin did not show any significant effect on PAN nephrosis in rat. However, methylprednisolone reduced the urinary protein excretion and showed significant recovery of foot process widths and number of anionic sites of glomerular basement membrane.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; Cyclosporine* ; Epithelial Cells ; Foot ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Indomethacin* ; Methylprednisolone* ; Nephrosis* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum Albumin

We experienced with 3 cases of penile fractures for recent 2 years, one occurred during masturbation and the others occurred during coitus(one case was associated with urethral injury). While the former was treated with conservative management, the latters were treated with surgical intervention that was immediate removal of hematoma and primary closure of ruptured corpus cavernosum. Penile deformity end decrease in rigidity occurred in conservatively treated case. However, two cases of immediate surgical treatment had a excellent result without complication. Even though we describe only 3 cases and could not compare the degree of injury. our short experiences suggest that immediate surgical intervention is better than conservative management in initial treatment of penile fracture.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Hematoma ; Masturbation

No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Lymphangioma*

BACKGROUND : Borame hospital nuns geriatric wards with 120 beds (40 beds for patients in Dept. of Internal Medicine, 40 for patients in Dept. of Orthopedics 40 for patients in Dept. of Neurology) from December 1996. We studied clinical characteristics of admissions to acute geriatric wards in Borame hospital in order to assess current status of geriatric wards in Korea. METHODS : 334 patients admitted from December 1996 to May 1997 were studied. By reviewing clinical records of these patients, we studied clinical characteristics of patients in geriatric wards retrospectively. RESULTS : 1) Age distribution: 8.6% of patients were over 85 years old. 16.4% of patients were between age of 80-84. 20.0% between 75-79, 31.3% between 70-74, 26.3% between 65-69, respectively. 2) Disease: 43% of patients have single disease, 67% of patients have multiple disease(23% of patients with 2 disease, 25% with 3 disease, 6% with 4 disease, 3% with over 5 disease respectively). 3) Mortality rate :Total mortality rates were 4.3% with 6.1% of patients in Internal medicine, 3.2% of patients in Neurology. These rates were much higher compared with mortality rates of 2.4% in general wards but similar to those (6.7%) in general wards in Internal medicine. 4) Causes of admission: Malignancies were most common causes of admissions in males, and then cerebrovascular diseases, infectious diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, in order. Musculoskeletal diseases were most common causes, and then diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases, cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION : The elderly patients tend to have multiple diseases, longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates compared with younger patients in general wards. but differences of hospital stays and mortality rates are less than be expected.
Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Communicable Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Mortality ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Neurology ; Orthopedics ; Patients' Rooms ; Retrospective Studies

Albinism is a hereditary disease caused by the defect of tyrosinase that converts tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). `Oculocutaneous albinism' is classified as hypopigmentation of skin, hair and eyes, but incidences of `ocular albinism' where hypopigmentation is limited to eyes are found rarely. Biochemically, albinism is caused by the tyrosinase activity. Typical findings in oculocutaneous albinism include not only ophthalmologic problems such as hypopigmentation of skin, foveal hypoplasia, photophobia and decreased visual acuity but also congenital nystagmus. We cannot determine distinctive characteristics of nystagmus of albinism because domestically, there are only a few reports that have been recorded correctly about nystagmus of albinism. Merely, we present our experience of two cases of albinism with congenital nystagmus because we think that these two cases, showing different types of nystagmus and electronystagmography, stand for the two representative types of nystagmus found in the literature up to date.
Albinism ; Albinism, Oculocutaneous* ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Electronystagmography ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Hair ; Hypopigmentation ; Incidence ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Nystagmus, Congenital* ; Photophobia ; Skin ; Tyrosine ; Visual Acuity

While intrathecal morphine in small doses has been effective in controlling postoperative pain, many patients have been suffered from the side effects. In recent studies, it has been suggested that small dose of propofol can attenuate these side effects of intrathecal morphine. We have studied the effect of propofol and tried to find the optimum dose that can reduce side effects of intrathecal morphine. Sixty patients of ASA class 1 scheduled for anorectal surgery were allocated randomly to receive either a bolus dose of propofol 0.5 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 1 mg/kg/24hr(group Pl) or 2 mg/kg/24hr(group P2) and no bolus dose followed by 1,000 ml 5% dextrose water(control group). In this study, postoperartive sedation, nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urinary retention were evaluated immediate postoperatively, 12 hour, 24 hour and 48 hour after spinal anesthesia using 1% tetracaine 5 mg with 10% dextrose water 5 ml and morphine 0.3 mg. As time passed, all the complications subsided significantly. However, there was no significant difference among 3 groups except pruritus. The incidence of pruritus was lower in the group P1 and group P2(80%, 50% respectively) than the control group(90%). In the 12 hour-after evaluation, there was no patient of grade 3 pruritus in the group P2 but 5 patients in the control group(p<0.001) and 3 patients in the group Pl had itching(p<0.05). The higher doses of propofol, the greater sedative effect observed. However, there was no clinicaliy serious problem (e.g. respiratory depression, deep sedation). In conclusion, we recommend that an adequate infusion dose of propofol for reducing the incidence and severity of pruritus is 2 mg/kg/24hr.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Incidence ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Propofol* ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tetracaine ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting ; Water