Recently, alteration on chemical treatment on the root and removal of pathologic bacteria, which is the main reason for periodontal disease, by complete removal of infected cementum layer was been emphasied In this study, teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were root planed using periodontal curette and roto bur. Then they were treated with different concentration of Tetracycline HCl at different time. The state of root surface and change in the pre and post treatment was observed. The results were as follows. 1. The group treatment with periodontal curette and saline showed remaining plaque, debris and irregular surface and no dentianl tubule orifice could be seen. 2. The group treatment with periodontal curette and tetracycline HCl showed process compoed with decacified material and there was concanity seemed to be a lacunae of cementocyte. 3. The group treatment with roto bur and saline, there was no remaning plaque and partial dentinal tubule orifice could be seen but smear layer covering them. 4. The group treatment with roto bur and tetracycline HCl showed various shape and size dentinal tubule orifice could be seen. From the results, roto bur showed cleaner surfaces than treatment with periodontal curette. But still smear layer existed. Thus for regeneration of periodontal tissue, chemical treatment using tetracycline HCl should follow roto bur treatment. And it is considered that the treatment time is more important than the concentration of tetracycline HCl.
Bacteria ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Periodontal Diseases ; Regeneration ; Root Planing* ; Smear Layer ; Tetracycline* ; Tooth

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical changes in graft size after treatment with strip gingival autograft in human. 57 premolar teeth in 27 patients having the following mucogingival problems were selected. The width of extension, attached gingiva including free marginal gingiva, width of transplant and clinical sulcus depth were measured at the initial examination, 2, 12 and 24 weeks following the strip gingival autograft and free gingival autograft. The change of width of extension, attached gingiva including free marginal gingiva, width of transplant and clinical sulcus depth according to healing process in both graft procedures was statistically analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA test and independent t-test using SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1. The change of keratinized gingiva in both graft procedures was increased significantly at 24 weeks post-op. 2. The clinical sulcus depth exhibited no marked changes throughout the entire investigation in both graft procedures. 3. No dimensional variation was seen in graft size in both graft procedures. 4. Shrinkage did not differ significantly in both graft procedures. From the day of grafting to 24 weeks after surgery the percentages of shrinkage were : strip gingival autograft 28% and free gingival autograft 29%.
Autografts* ; Bicuspid ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Tooth ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: Anemia still remains the most common single nutrient deficiency disorder in the world, especially among adolescence period because of the accelerated physical growth both in boys and girls and menstrual losses in iron and dieting for fear of obesity in female teenagers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and microcytosis among healthy students. METHODS: We conducted blood tests in apparently healthy girls (n=49,162) and 2,203 boys aged 10 to 18 years who went to school in Pucheon. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell and platelet count were determined at same day with the use of a Coulter T 540 (Coulter Corp., F1, U.S.A.). RESULTS: 1) In boys the mean Hb concentration increased with age from 13.2g/dL in 10~12 yr to 15.3g/dL in 17~18 yr. In girls the mean Hb concentration was 13.3g/dL in 10~12 yr, 13.1g/dL in 15~16 yr, and 12.9g/dL in 17~18 yr. The difference in mean Hb levels between both sexes was significant (P<0.001) after 13 yrs of age. The mean MCV and MCH increased with age in each sex. 2) In boys, the prevalence of anemia showed 6.5% in 10~12 years, 2.4% in 13~14 years, 5.7% in 15~16 years and 3.0% in 17~18 years. In girls, the prevalence of anemia increased with age: 2.1% in 10~12 years, 4.2% in 13~14 years, 12.1% in 15~16 years and 20.5% in 17~18 years. 3) The prevalence of microcytosis (MCV< 78 fL in 10~14 yr; MCV< 79 fL in 15~18 yr) in boys was about 1% in each group. The prevalence of microcytosis in girls was2.0% in 10~12 years, 2.7% in 13~14 years, 6.1% in 15~16 years and 8.1% in 17~18 years. CONCLUSION: As the prevalence of anemia was substantially greater than expected, studies of iron deficiency in adolescent girls should be performed to assess iron deficiency. In addition, nutritional education for adolescents is warranted.
Adolescent ; Anemia* ; Diet ; Education ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hematocrit ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Iron ; Leukocytes ; Obesity ; Platelet Count ; Prevalence*

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the third molar and periodontal status of the adjacent second molar. Fifty patients who had four maxillary and mandibular second molars were consecutively selected for the study subjects. The subjects provided a total of 200 molars, i.e., 100 maxillary and 100 mandibular molars, and classified the groups as follows; third molars that are normally erupted are control group, that are impacted are test 1 group, that are simply extracted are test 2 group, that are surgically extracted are test 3 group. Probing depth, plaque index, gingival index and mobility were measured. The results were as follows. 1. In mesial probing depth, there was no significantly difference. In distal probing depth, there was a significantly difference between control group and test 1 & 3 group in maxilla and between control & test 2 group and test 1& 3 group in mandible(p<0.05). 2. In buccal probing depth, there was a significantly difference between test 2 group and test 3 group in mandible. In lingual probing depth, there was a significantly difference between control group and test 1 & 3 group in mandible(p<0.05). 3. In plaque index, there was a significantly difference between test 1 group and test 2 group in maxilla, between test 1 group and control & test 2 group in mandible(p<0.05). 4. In gingival index, there was a significantly difference between control group and test 1 & 3 group in mandible. In mobility, there was no significantly difference(p<0.05). As a result of this study, the second molars adjacent to the third molars that are impacted or surgically extracted had poor prognosis, so impacted third molars should be extracted in early time and the second molars are actively treated for periodontal health.

Small incision cataract surgery using phacoemulsification, self sealing, small diameter optics and foldable intraocular lenses has been developed. These small incisions are designed to minimize the astigmatism induced by the surgery. The 3.5mm clear corneal incision for the implantation of foldable silicone lense has been widely used. However, the implantation of a PMMA lense has been tried in spite of the longer incision required for the unfoldable PMMA lense. Generally, longer incision was believed to increase the risk of infection and induced asigmatism. In this study, we analyzed the results of clear corneal incision between injectable silicone IOLs and 5mm optic PMMA IOLs. In the early postoperative period(to 3 months) vector analysis showed less induced astigmatism in the 3.5mm group than that in the 5.1mm group. The corrected visual acuity during the postoperative period was not diffrent between two groups. The posterior capsular fibrosis in 3.5mm silicone IOLs was more common than that in 5mm PMMA IOLs.
Astigmatism ; Cataract* ; Fibrosis ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Postoperative Period ; Silicones ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVES: Self perceived body image among women is drawing a lot of attention in Korea due to their unhealthy weight control behaviors. To determine the relationship between self-perceived body image and dietary behaviors among Korean women, the discrepancy between actual body size and body image perception, weight control behaviors were assessed based on age groups using the 2010 KNHANES data. METHODS: A total of 1,747 subjects were selected after eliminating those of likely changing their diet recently using the 2010 KNHANES data. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, self-underweight, self-normal, and self-obese according to their perception of body image. The BMI and weight control behaviors were assessed based on age groups according to the body image perception. RESULTS: The younger, the higher ratio of underweight, women perceived their body size as normal or overweight. Exercise and reduced food intakes were dominant among various weight control methods but unhealthy methods were dominant among self perceived overweight group. CONCLUSIONS: Incorrect body image perception and unhealthy weight control behaviors can cause nutritional problems. Nutritional education should emphasize the importance of healthy weight and proper body image perception for Korean women.
Body Image* ; Body Size ; Diet ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Overweight ; Thinness ; Weight Perception

PURPOSE: The goal of reduction mammaplasty is breast with natural cone shape, minimizing scars, well-placed and sensate nipple-areolar area and maintaining breast physiology. In order to satisfy that goal, variable reduction mammaplasty methods are performed, however, two methods such as vertical reduction method and inverted T-scar method are currently most used. We compared indications and advantages of the two methods and set up useful guidlines. METHODS: For 15 years from 1995 to 2010, we experienced 84 patients(162 breasts). We performed vertical reduction method as Lejour's superior pedicle technique(45 patients) and inverted T-scar method as Goldwyn's inferior dermal flap technique(39 patients). We evaluated the result of the operation comparing patient's age, amount of resected tissue, complications and post-operative scars of the two methods. RESULTS: The mean age was 36 years and the vertical reduction group was 3 years younger than inverted T-scar group. The mean breast tissue resection amount per one breast, inverted T-scar group(712 gm) was lagger than vertical reduction group(395 gm). CONCLUSION: There is no ideal method for reduction mammaplasty until now. However, we suggest that guide line, the vertical reduction method is effective for minimal and moderate macromastia in young and middle aged women and inverted T-scar method is appropriate for severe macromastia with ptosis in elderly women. Recently, all procedures tried shorter and smaller scar on the vertical line as small I, J or L shape scar, and inframammary fold as short inverted T-scar.
Aged ; Breast ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Mammaplasty ; Middle Aged

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as the xerostomia, burning sensation and various discomfort of tongue and oral mucosa. BMS can occur in both men and women, but is more frequent in middle-aged menopausal women. Because exact cause can't be identified clearly and it is hard to make diagnosis in clinic, the purpose of the treatment have been to relieve symptoms. Etiology of BMS is divided into local, systemic, and psychological factors. α-lipoic acid, clonazepam, supplemental therapy and cognitive behavior therapy can be prescribed for BMS. Nowdays, many experts focus attention on effect of combination therapy. It is necessary to solve the symptoms of the patients by combination of pharmacological approach and psychotherapy with cognitive behavior therapy considering the factors in various aspects.
Burning Mouth Syndrome ; Burns ; Clonazepam ; Cognitive Therapy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; Psychology ; Psychotherapy ; Sensation ; Tongue ; Xerostomia

Intravesical instillation of BCG(Calmette-Guerin Bacillus) is the most widely used treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. While the exact mechanisms are not yet known, it is assumed that the recognition of tumor antigen is enhanced by immunologic response of the urothelium of mycobacterium. Various complications have been reported after BCG treatment and arthritis is observed in 0.5 to% of treated patients. This from of arthritis may be attributed to an antigen of mycobacterium sharing a cross reactive epitope with an antigen in articular cartilage. A 40-year-old male had transurethral resection and intravesical instillation of BCG for transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Within few days of the fourth instillation, he developed arthritis on right knee and right metatarsal joint. Laboratory findings showed nonspecific inflammatory sign, positive HLA B27, negative rheumatoid facor and negative antinuclear antibody. The joint effusion was aseptic. He was treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (indomethacin 200rag/day) with resolution of arthritis symptom. We report a patient who developed an inflammatory oligoarthritis following intravesica] instillation of BCG for the treatment oof bladder cancer.
Administration, Intravesical ; Adult ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Arthritis* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Joints ; Knee ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of socio-demographic factors on food consumption frequencies among adolescents in Korea. Data were obtained from the Seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2011 KYRBS), a nationwide representative sample of 75,643 (37,873 males and 37,770 females) middle and high school students. It was carried out as a self-administered on-line survey. The frequency of eating breakfast was 4.8 times per week for middle school students and 4.6 times per week for high school students (p < 0.001). Higher levels of perceived household economic status, family affluence scale (FAS) and education attainment of mother were associated with more frequent breakfast eating. The frequencies of consumption of vegetables and milk were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The frequency of consumption fruits was higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Higher levels of perceived household economic status, FAS and education attainment of mother were associated with more frequent consumption of vegetable, fruits and milk. The frequencies of consumption of soda, fast food and instant noodls were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The frequency of consumption of snacks was higher in females than in males. Adolescents with lower levels of FAS and education attainment of mother were at risk for skipping breakfast and consuming of soda, fast food and instant noodls more frequently. Whereas, adolescents with higher levels of FAS, education attainment of mother were more likely to be frequent consumers of vegetable, fruits and milk. These findings demonstrated that being high school students and belonging to lower level of socio-economic status (SES) were associated with undesirable food habits.
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Eating ; Family Characteristics ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Food Habits ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Milk ; Mothers ; Risk-Taking ; Snacks ; Vegetables