OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS), traditional exercise therapy (TET), low level laser therapy (LLLT) and TET on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and trismus following recovery from head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS: Sixty participants following, who had experienced HNC, were randomly allocated to three groups of 20 people each. Each group received different therapy. Group A received LIUS and TET; group B received LLLT and TET; while group C received TET. All 60 participants were evaluated under the visual analog scale (VAS), the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire (UW-QOL) and the Vernier caliper scale (VCS) at the beginning of the therapies and after 4 weeks. RESULTS: ANOVA test revealed significant improvements across all three groups with outcomes of p < 0.05. The results of the UW-QOL questionnaire showed a significant difference between groups A, B and C in favor of group A (p < 0.05). The VAS results showed a more improvement in group A as compared to group B (p < 0.05), while there was no statistical difference between groups B and C (p>0.05). The VCS results showed more improvement for the individuals in group B as compared to those in group C (p < 0.05), while there was minimal difference between groups A and B (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The LIUS and TET are more effective than LLLT and/or TET in reducing TMJ pain and trismus following HNC.
Exercise Therapy ; Exercise* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Quality of Life ; Temporomandibular Joint* ; Trismus* ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography* ; Visual Analog Scale ; Washington

Objective: To investigate the effect of aqua therapy resistance exercise on arm volume, pain, and shoulder range of movements in post-mastectomy lymphedema. Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Fifty eligible breast cancer survivors (median, 10 years after surgery) with lymphedema (median, 21% inter-limb difference) were assigned randomly to group A (n=25) or control group B (n=25). The study group underwent 60 minutes of aqua therapy exercise comprising of warm-up for 10 minutes, 40 minutes of strengthening exercises, and 10 minutes of cooling down, three times a week for 8 weeks. The control group underwent 60 minutes of land-based exercise three times a week for 8 weeks. Arm volume calculated by measuring the arm circumference, shoulder flexion, and abduction range of motion (ROM), and pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in limb volume, shoulder flexion and abduction ROM, and VAS scores in favor of the study group (p<0.001) after 8 weeks of intervention. The mean±standard deviation for limb volume, shoulder flexion, abduction, and pain score were 2,108.71±200.97 mL, 169.68°±4.54°, 150.44°±3.92°, and 3.16±1.1 in the study group and 2,256.41±186.94 mL, 147.36°±5.32°, 131.32°±4.38°, and 5.68±0.94 in the control group, respectively. Conclusion Adding aqua therapy resistance exercise to routine physical therapy might be more effective in decreasing the limb volume and pain intensity and improving ROM of the shoulder in postmastectomy lymphedema.

Objective: To investigate the effect of aqua therapy resistance exercise on arm volume, pain, and shoulder range of movements in post-mastectomy lymphedema. Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Fifty eligible breast cancer survivors (median, 10 years after surgery) with lymphedema (median, 21% inter-limb difference) were assigned randomly to group A (n=25) or control group B (n=25). The study group underwent 60 minutes of aqua therapy exercise comprising of warm-up for 10 minutes, 40 minutes of strengthening exercises, and 10 minutes of cooling down, three times a week for 8 weeks. The control group underwent 60 minutes of land-based exercise three times a week for 8 weeks. Arm volume calculated by measuring the arm circumference, shoulder flexion, and abduction range of motion (ROM), and pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in limb volume, shoulder flexion and abduction ROM, and VAS scores in favor of the study group (p<0.001) after 8 weeks of intervention. The mean±standard deviation for limb volume, shoulder flexion, abduction, and pain score were 2,108.71±200.97 mL, 169.68°±4.54°, 150.44°±3.92°, and 3.16±1.1 in the study group and 2,256.41±186.94 mL, 147.36°±5.32°, 131.32°±4.38°, and 5.68±0.94 in the control group, respectively. Conclusion Adding aqua therapy resistance exercise to routine physical therapy might be more effective in decreasing the limb volume and pain intensity and improving ROM of the shoulder in postmastectomy lymphedema.