The thyroid gland is highly sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation. The development of benign thyroid nodules, thyroid carcinoma and thyroid dysfunction following radiotherapy during childhood has been documented. Recently we experienced two cases of thyroid tumor after irradiation. One is a 14-year-old boy with thyroid follicular carcinoma who had received mantle irradiation(3,000cGy) eight years previously for Hodgkin' disease. The other is a 15-year- old boy with thyroid follicular adenoma who had received craniospinal irradiation (3,600cGy) seven years previously for CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We recommend frequent sonographic evaluation and early suppression of thyroid stimulation in an attempt to arrest the development of neoplastic changes in long term survivors of childhood malignancies who received radiation therapy.
Adenoma ; Adolescent ; Craniospinal Irradiation ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Survivors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule ; Ultrasonography

In patients with urinary tract infections, institution of specific therapy should be preceded by careful examination of the urine and quantitative bacteriology from properly collected urine specimens. A clinical study on patients with urinary tract infections was done for observation of the changing trend in causative organisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics at Yonsei Medical Center in 1971 and 1976. The following results were obtained. 1) In 1971, 571 patients (male:2l1, female :360) with urinary tract infections were observed and in 1976, 647 patients (male :265, female :382) were observed. The ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.4-1.7, the most cases (above 60%) belonged to age group 20-49 years in both year. 2) The causative organisms of urinary tract infections were E. coli, enterobacter, staphylococcus and etc in 1971 and E. coli, enterobacter, klebsiella and etc in 1976 orderly. Cases of urinary tract infections by enterobacter and staphylococcus were decreased and cases by klebsiella, proteus and pseudomonas were increased in 1976. Urinary tract infections by E, coli were about 60% of female patients and about 25% of male patients in both year. Incidence of mixed urinary tract infections was l0.5% in l971 and 15.1% in 1976. 3) The susceptibility rates of gram negative organisms were 30.3% to ampicillin, 72.2% to Kanamycin, 79.9% to neomycin and 51,5% to bactrim in l971 and 17.5% to ampicillin, 47.8% to Kanamycin, 68.7% to gentamycin and 71.8% to colimycin in 1976. The rates to chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline were about 20% in both year. 4) The susceptibility rates of gram positive organisms were 35.4% to chloramphenicol, 38.5% to orbenin, 81.0% to penicillin G and 11.8% to tetraycline in 1971 and 50.0% to chloramphenicol, 31.6% to orbenin, 64.5% to penicillin G and 22.4% to tetracycline in 1976. The rate to ampicillin in 1971 was 57.0% and to cephaloridin in 1976 was 78.9%. 5) The susceptibility rates of Pseudomonas were 79.5% to colimycin and 59.1% to neomycin in 1971 and 88.7% to colimycin, 56.3% to gentamycin and 59.2% to carbenicillin in 1976. The rates to streptomycin, tetracycline, bactrim and minocycline were low.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriology ; Carbenicillin ; Cephaloridine ; Chloramphenicol ; Colistin ; Enterobacter ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kanamycin ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Minocycline ; Neomycin ; Penicillin G ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

In patients with urinary tract infections, institution of specific therapy should be preceded by careful examination of the urine and quantitative bacteriology from properly collected urine specimens. A clinical study on patients with urinary tract infections was done for observation of the changing trend in causative organisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics at Yonsei Medical Center in 1971 and 1976. The following results were obtained. 1) In 1971, 571 patients (male:2l1, female :360) with urinary tract infections were observed and in 1976, 647 patients (male :265, female :382) were observed. The ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.4-1.7, the most cases (above 60%) belonged to age group 20-49 years in both year. 2) The causative organisms of urinary tract infections were E. coli, enterobacter, staphylococcus and etc in 1971 and E. coli, enterobacter, klebsiella and etc in 1976 orderly. Cases of urinary tract infections by enterobacter and staphylococcus were decreased and cases by klebsiella, proteus and pseudomonas were increased in 1976. Urinary tract infections by E, coli were about 60% of female patients and about 25% of male patients in both year. Incidence of mixed urinary tract infections was l0.5% in l971 and 15.1% in 1976. 3) The susceptibility rates of gram negative organisms were 30.3% to ampicillin, 72.2% to Kanamycin, 79.9% to neomycin and 51,5% to bactrim in l971 and 17.5% to ampicillin, 47.8% to Kanamycin, 68.7% to gentamycin and 71.8% to colimycin in 1976. The rates to chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline were about 20% in both year. 4) The susceptibility rates of gram positive organisms were 35.4% to chloramphenicol, 38.5% to orbenin, 81.0% to penicillin G and 11.8% to tetraycline in 1971 and 50.0% to chloramphenicol, 31.6% to orbenin, 64.5% to penicillin G and 22.4% to tetracycline in 1976. The rate to ampicillin in 1971 was 57.0% and to cephaloridin in 1976 was 78.9%. 5) The susceptibility rates of Pseudomonas were 79.5% to colimycin and 59.1% to neomycin in 1971 and 88.7% to colimycin, 56.3% to gentamycin and 59.2% to carbenicillin in 1976. The rates to streptomycin, tetracycline, bactrim and minocycline were low.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriology ; Carbenicillin ; Cephaloridine ; Chloramphenicol ; Colistin ; Enterobacter ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kanamycin ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Minocycline ; Neomycin ; Penicillin G ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Investigations into the pathogenesis of male infertility have relied predominantly on two types of analysis: histological evaluations of testicular biopsies and assays of these hormones thought to be responsible for the regulation of spermatogenesis. Other types of analysis such as chromosomal studies and biochemical determinations of ejaculate components have also played a role in characterizing male infertility. Testis biopsy findings of 54 cases with azoospermia were observed in aspect of testicular size and pastory and seminovesiculograms were performed in 3 cases with normal testis and 1 case with peritubular fibrosis and reduced spermatogenesis. The following results were obtained. 1) Among the 42 cases with normal sized testis, 12 cases (28.6%) of normal testis, 10 cases (23.8%) of peritubular fibrosis with reduced spermatogenesis, 11 cases (26. 2%) of reduced spermatogenesis, 1 case(2.4%) of maturation arrest at spermatid level, 6 cases (14.3%) of Sertoli cell only syndrome and 2cases (4.7%) of hyalinized tubule with Leydig cell hyperplasia were observed. 2) Among the 12 cases with small sized testis, 1 case (8.3%) of normal testis, 1 case (8.3%) of peritubular fibrosis with reduced spermatogenesis, 2 cases(16.7%) of reduced spermatogenesis, 5 cases(41.7%) of Sertoli cell only syndrome and 3 cases (25.O%) of hyalinized tubule with Leydig cell hyperplasia were observed. 3) Normal testis was observed in 4 of 9 cases with tuberculous epididymitis and 1 case with surgically corrected bilateral hydrocele on their past history. Peritubular fibrosis with reduced spermatogenesis was observed in 3 of 9 cases with urethritis, 2of3 cases with tuberculous epididymitis and 1 case with surgically corracted bilateral varicocele on their past history. 4) The observed in 3 cases of normal testis and 1 carmel testis and 1 case of peritubular fibrosis with reduced spermatogenesis on the seminovesiculogram.
Azoospermia* ; Biopsy* ; Epididymitis ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hyperplasia ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome ; Spermatids ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis* ; Urethritis ; Varicocele

urpose:Adipocyte specific hormone, leptin is thought to regulate appetite and body weight, and serum level of leptin correlate with body fat content not only in adulthood but also in childhood. Adults who received cranial irradiation for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are prone to hypothalamic damage in the form of growth hormone deficiency and leptin insensitivity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of total body irradiation on serum leptin concentration at short- term follow-up. METHODS:Twenty-four acute leukemia patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation(BMT) were enrolled in this study. They were divided into total body irradiation(TBI) group(n=13) and non total body irradiation(NTBI) group(n=11). Body mass index and leptin concentration at 1 week before BMT and 1 day, 1 week and 4 weeks after BMT were checked. Serum leptin concentration was measured by RIA method. RESULTS:Leptin concentration was well correlated with BMI(r=0.689, P<0.05). BMI were 17.96+/-2.48, 17.58+/-2.39, 17.39+/-2.30, 17.74+/-2.31 in TBI group and 16.91+/-1.88, 16.53+/-1.91, 16.50+/-1.96, 16.78+/-1.82 in NTBI group at 1 week before BMT and 1 day, 1 week and 4 weeks after BMT. Lepin concentrations were 4.31+/-3.57ng/ml, 3.22+/-2.87ng/ml, 3.78+/-4.41ng/ml, 3.46+/-2.96ng/ml in TBI group and 3.46+/-1.84ng/ml, 2.60+/-1.11ng/ml, 2.71+/-1.61ng/ml, 3.61+/-3.27ng/ml in NTBI group at 1 week before BMT and 1 day, 1 week and 4 weeks after BMT. BMI was different at each time period(P<0.05) but not different between two groups. Lepin concentration was not different between two groups and at each time period. CONCLUSION: Serum leptin concentration was not changed, but BMI was significantly decreased by total body irradiation at short-term follow-up.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Appetite ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Child* ; Cranial Irradiation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Leukemia* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Whole-Body Irradiation*

Eight strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi were isolated from Kyonggi area during January-February,1997. They were resistant to ampiciUin, amoxicillin, carbeniciillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim. Eight strains had one plasmid respectively which size was approximately M.W 220 kb and showed same restriction pattern by endonuclease HindIII. The plasmid was similar to the plasmid in size that was related to multidrug resistant S. typhi isolated from southeast Asia. It were transferred by conjugation to recipient E, coli K-12 in frequency of 2.43 x10-4 - 1.73 x 10-2 and transconjugant showed same drug-resistant pattem with donor cells. All of 8 strains produced B-lactamase that was assummed to TEM-1 type by isoelectric focusing and PCR.
Amoxicillin ; Asia, Southeastern ; Chloramphenicol ; Deoxyribonuclease HindIII ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Korea* ; Plasmids* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salmonella typhi* ; Salmonella* ; Tetracycline ; Tissue Donors ; Trimethoprim

Dysplasia epiphysialis punctata is a rare congenital disorder of infancy affecting in particular cartilage, muscle, jointtcapsules and the eyes. A case of dysplasia epiphysialis punctata with involvement of all epiphyses of extremities, spine and pelvis in 2 days old male is to be reported with review of literature.
Cartilage ; Chondrodysplasia Punctata ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Extremities ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvis ; Spine

No abstract available.
Leukemia*

We present a study on hospital stay in 1000 consecutive head injuries. The mean hospital stay and standard deviation were calculated in a given condition according to some variables, such as sex, age, Glasgow Coma Score on admission, skull fracture, CT findings, and treatment. Usually, standard deviation was greater than the mean value in a given condition and hospital stay varied in a wide range, representing that the duration of treatment is related not only to the severity but also various individual properties. Since the associated injuries were variable in location, type and severity, they altered hospital stay greatly. Thus hospital stay was analyzed in patients without associated injuries. Hospital stay was largely dependant on three variables. Low Glasgow Coma Score on admission, presence of intracranial mass lesion or diffuse axonal injury, and operative treatment prolonged hospital stay. Skull fracture also lengthened hospital stay but only in patients without associated injuries. Duration of treatment should be recorded in all medical certificates related to the injury. For the proper estimation of duration of treatment, more reports are needed in this field.
Coma ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Diffuse Axonal Injury ; Head* ; Humans ; Length of Stay* ; Skull Fractures

No abstract available.
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome* ; Hyperpigmentation*