Although the penicillin is still the first choice of drug in the treatment of gonorrhea in most areas of the world, Neisseria gonorrhoea has become increasingly less sensitive to penicillin preparations. The proportion of such strains also varies from region to region. Sodium penicillin G. is a short acting preparation which enables to attain quick high blood level. The reason for combining the quick acting sodium penicillin G. with probenecid is that latter inhibits renal excretion of penicillin and maintains effective serum penicillin levela long enough to extinguish gonococcal infections. The subjects were 265 male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis at the VD clinic of Cboong Ku Public Health Center in Seoul during 5 months period from September 1980 to January 1981. The following criteria is used to identify gonococcal infection Gram negative intracellular diplococci in urethral smear and/or oxidase positive typical colony formation on Thayer-Martin media composed of Gram negative diplococci. The 265 patients were divided in two groups(A and B group). They were administered an oral dose of 1.0 gm. probenecid and, 15 to 30 min. later, 4.0 m.u. of sodium penicillin G. i.m. in A-group(152) and 4.8 m.u. procaine penicillin G. i.m. in B-group(113). Only those who were able to be followed up 3 to 7 days after treatment were contained for final analysis(A-group:108, B-group:88), A-group showed 22 failures(20.4%), and B-group 9 failures(10.2%). A significant difference is found between the two groups(P<0.05). Incidence of postgonococcal urethritis was 6(7.0%) in A-group and 5(6.3%) in B-group(P>0.05). We suggest a repeated injection 3 to 4 hours later or increased amonuts of sodium penicillin G. might give better result in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male* ; Neisseria ; Oxidoreductases ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Penicillin G* ; Penicillins ; Probenecid ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Sodium* ; Urethritis

The efficacy of Thayer-Martin media (abbreviated TM media) recently introduced by the government, is a great concern to us. The results of culture on TM media are compared with the results obtained from Gram stained filrn. The subjects were 235 male patients with urethral discharge who visited the VD clinic of Choong-ku Puhlic Health Center in Seoul during 3 months period from 21th May to 20th August 1979. CDC recommendations are closely followed for Gram staining as well as for cultural identification. Among 151 positives with Gram staining, 142 were also culture positive (94.0%) while 8 were negative(5.2%) indicating reasonably good correlation. One patient was culturally positive(0. 8%) while negative by Gram staining. TM media supplied by Seoul Metropolitian Institute of Public Health which was used for this study is considered to be adequate.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Gonorrhea* ; Humans ; Male ; Public Health ; Seoul

We reported previously that, combined with l. 0 gm of probenecid, sodium penicillin G. 4, 0 m.u.i.m. was slightly less effective than procaine penicillin G. 4. 8 m.u. i.m. in the treatment of uncomplicated male gonorrhea. We now present the effect of double dose of sodium penicillin G. in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. The subjects were 262 male patients with uncomplicated gonoccccal urethritis at the VD clinic of Choong Ku Public Health Center in Seoul during 5 months period from January to May 198l. The following criteria were used to identify gonococcal infection - Gram negative intracellular diplococci in urethral smear and/or oxidase positive typical colony formation on Thayer-Martin media composed of Gram negative diplococci. They were given 4.0 m.u. sodium penicillin G. i.m. proceeded 15 to 30 min. by 1. 0 gm. probenecid p.o.. Four hours later, same amount of sodium peniciIlin G. i.m. was repeated. Concornitant eomparison of procaine penicillin G. was not done because of recent una,vailability of the drug in Korea. To avoid pain, the drug is dissolved in 6 ml of normal saline plus 2 ml of 2% lidacaine. One hundred eighty five patients were able to be followed 3 to 7 days after the treatment. There were .24 (13%) failures and 17 (10. 6%) postgonococcal urethritis. During this study, l4 strains of PPNG (Penicillinase Producing Keisseria Gonarrhoeae) were detected with chromogenic cephalosporin slide method. There were 10 (5. 8%) failures among 171 patients with urethritis caused by non-PPNG.
Gonorrhea* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male* ; Oxidoreductases ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Penicillin G* ; Probenecid ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Sodium* ; Urethritis

Lichen planus is rare in Korea. and oral lichen planus is even rarer. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting in Korean dermatological literature. 57 year-old man was seen for erythema with white striation on the oral mucosa in December 1981. The initial lisior s appeared on the buccal mucosa of left side of oral cavity 10 months ago. Thereafter he noticed similar lesions on the right side of buccal mucosa, hard palate, left side of upper and lower gingiva and left side of the lower lip. Histopathological and direct immunofluorescence studies showed typical features of lichen planus. Administration of griseofulvin(0.5gm. of Fulvicin' daily) for 4 weeks resulted in no clinical improvement. Oral retinoid(25mg of Ro 10-9359 daily) for 11 weeks resulte3 in healing of lesions with no side effect except slight dryness of the mouth.
Erythema ; Etretinate ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Korea ; Lichen Planus ; Lichen Planus, Oral* ; Lip ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Mouth Mucosa ; Palate, Hard

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia remains dismal. Ifosfamide has previously been shown to be active as a single agent and in combination with doxorubicin, etoposide, and teniposide in pediatric solid tumors, recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia and adult acute leukemia. We assessed the efficacy and the toxicity of the drug combination with ifosfamide and etoposide in patients with relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS: Between April 1995 and May 1996, twenty children aged 1 to 14 years with ALL in Catholic Medical Center, all heavily pretreated and in bone marrow relapse, were enrolled in this study. Drugs were given intravenously each day for 5 days at the following doses ; ifosfamide 1.8 g/m2/day, etoposide 100 mg/m2/day and mesna 1440 mg/ m2/day(as a uroprotectant) ; Cycles were repeated every 28 days for two cycles. RESULTS: 1) Twenty heavily pretreated patients were entered on study. At study entry, seventeen patients were in first relapse, two were in second relapse and one was in third relapse. 2) Six patients(30%) achieved complete remission, and eight patients(40%) achieved partial remission. Overall response rate was 70%. 3) Duration of remission ranged from 30 days to 230 days. 4) The toxicity of the regimen was tolerated. Moderate or severe toxicity evaluated on a per cycle basis included : neutropenia 52.5%, thrombocytopenia 45%, hemorrhagic cystitis 12.5% and mucositis 2.5%. 5) Two patients went on to bone marrow transplantation with histocompatibility matched sibling donors while in remission. CONCLUSION: The combination of ifosfamide and etoposide with mesna uroprotection has significant activity in relapsed refractory childhood lymphoblastic leukemia with tolerable toxicity. We recommended bone marrow transplantation after successful reinduction because of short remission duration of this regimen.
Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Child ; Cystitis ; Doxorubicin ; Etoposide* ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Ifosfamide* ; Leukemia ; Mesna ; Mucositis ; Neutropenia ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Siblings ; Teniposide ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tissue Donors

Gold preparation had been used frequently in the past in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and lupus erythematosua, etc. It is still used. when other more potent remedies, such as steroid, failed. We report a case of drug eruption following the use of gold preparation. A 38 year-old female was referred to our department from orthopedic surgery because of generalized, multiple, pin head sized, violaceous and flat topped papules of 1 x 2 mm in size and mucosal erosions and ulcers following gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. She had received 5 intramuscular injections of gold preparation (Myochrysine'), 220mg in total amounts. Our clinical impression was lichen planus like drug eruption, but histopathological picture disclosed nonapecific dermatitis. The eruption had disappeared gradually following oral administration of antihistaminics and prednisolone and daily starch tub baths.
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Baths ; Dermatitis ; Drug Eruptions* ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Lichen Planus ; Orthopedics ; Prednisolone ; Starch ; Tuberculosis ; Ulcer

To evaluate the quantitative relation between the changes of visual field and optic disc in glaucoma, thirty-six patients(58 eyes) with primary glaucoma(P.O.A.G: 29 cases, P.A.C.G.; 7 cases) were enrolled in this study. Visual field defects including the central(25 degrees) and peripheral fields were examined with three different illuminations(2-9, 2-4 and clear filters) by using an automated perimeter(Autofield D, Cavitron, CA, USA) and horizontal and vertical cup/disc(C/D) ratios were traced and calculated with the disc photographs taken with a fundus camera(CF-60Z, Canon Inc, Tokyo, Japan). Each defect by using 2.9, 2.4 and clear filter of Autofield D in either the central or the peripheral visual field has the relationship of arc tangent with either the horizontal or the vertical C/D ratio. The exponential correlation was noted between the summation of the central or the peripheral visual field defect and either horizontal or vertical C/D ratio.
Glaucoma ; Visual Fields*

In order to determine the distribution of each type of glaucoma in Korea, a retrospective clinical study was carried out on 206 glaucomatoils patients (295 eyes) who were followed from July 1982 to December 1985 in theClaucoma Clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology of Hanyang University Hospital. The distribution of glaucomatous patients was as follows; 34.0% primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG),32.5% secondary glaucoma,20.9% primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG),7.3% ocular hypertension,3.9% congenital glaucoma, and 1.5% low tension glaucoma. In serondary glaucoma, glaucoma associated with uveitis occurred most frequently, and aphakic glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, steroid-induced glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma and exfoliative glauroma followed. The acute stage of PACG presented the highest initial IOP, 55.2+/-8.4mmHg, where as the initial IOP of POAG patients was 33.4+/-15.5 mmHg. Sixty-two per percent of POAG and 98% of PACG patients were over 40 years of age, and the mean age of the POAG and PACG patients was 43.1+/-16.3 and 61.6+/-9.5 years, respectively. There was no remarkable sex-difference associated with glaucoma, in PACG which showed an incidence of 79.1% in females. There was no significant difference in laterality between the right and left eyes with either glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bilateral involvement of POAG and PACG during the follow-up period was 7l.4% and 32.6%, respectively.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glaucoma/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Korea*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the morphologic characteristics between the vertebral body and the regions of the cervical and thoracic spinal cords where each rootlets branch out. METHODS: Sixteen adult cadavers (12 males and 4 females) with a mean age of 57.9 (range of 33 to 70 years old) were used in this study. The anatomical relationship between the exit points of the nerve roots from the posterior root entry zone at each spinal cord segment and their corresponding relevant vertebral bodies were also analyzed. RESULTS: Vertical span of the posterior root entry zone between the upper and lower rootlet originating from each spinal segment ranged from 10-12 mm. The lengths of the rootlets from their point of origin at the spinal cord to their entrance into the intervertebral foramen were 5.9 mm at the third cervical nerve root and increased to 14.5 mm at the eighth cervical nerve root. At the lower segments of the nerve roots (T3 to T12), the posterior root entry zone of the relevant nerve roots had a corresponding anatomical relationship with the vertebral body that is two segments above. The posterior root entry zones of the sixth (94%) and seventh (81%) cervical nerve roots were located at a vertebral body a segment above from relevant segment. CONCLUSION: Through these investigations, a more accurate diagnosis, the establishment of a better therapeutic plan, and a decrease in surgical complications can be expected when pathologic lesions occur in the spinal cord or vertebral body.
Adult ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Cord