The total energy expenditure (TEE) consists of the basal energy expenditure (BEE), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and the thermic effect of food. The PAEE accounts for a significant portion of the TEE and can be changed according to individual efforts, and the difference between individuals of PAEE is large. Even for the same physical activity, there is a difference in energy expenditure between adults and children. Therefore, a physical activity classification table for youth is needed to classify the physical activity recorded in the physical activity diary prepared to evaluate children's energy expenditure. It is also necessary to calculate the physical activity level required to set the estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for children and adolescents in Korea. This paper reports a physical activity classification table for Korean youth using the 2017 Youth Compendium of Physical Activities in the United States. This physical activity classification table includes 110 specific activities classified into 14 major categories by four age groups (6–9, 10–12, 13–15, and 16–18 years old) and their metabolic equivalent values. Of these, 87 physical activities were selected from the 2017 Youth Compendium reported in the United States. Nine physical activities such as washing and going to the bathroom, which are daily activities of children and adolescents not included among them, were selected from the another list (2008) of physical activities in America. The remaining 15 physical activities were selected from the research results, which measured the energy expenditure of Korean children and adolescents. Activity categories were divided into 4 areas: daily activity (A), movement (B), school work (C), exercise and sports (D).This physical activity classification table will help standardize the interpretation and scoring process of physical activity of youth in related studies and community health surveys.

We report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala(E,) jeanselmei in a 66-year-old female, who showed a mild tender, 4.5x3.5cm sized, erythematous cystic mass with satellite lesions on the left forearm for 4 months. Histopathologically, suppurative granulomatous inflammation, brownish conidia in a chain and hyphae were observed. Fungal culture grew out the typical black-gray velvety colonies of E. jeanselmei after 2 weeks. The isolate grow well at 25 C, but very poorly at 37 C. No growth could be observed at 40 C. Sporulation adequate for evaluation was present on the malt extract agar. We confirmed E. jeanselmei by colony and microscopic morphology, temperature tolerance and sugar assimilation tests. The patient had been treated with itraconazole for 6 momths. Complete remission was observed.
Agar ; Aged ; Exophiala* ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Inflammation ; Itraconazole ; Phaeohyphomycosis* ; Spores, Fungal

To set the estimated energy requirement (EER) in Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI), we need the coefficient by physical activity stage, as determined by the physical activity level(PAL). Thus, there has been demand for a tool to calculate PAL based on the physical activity diary. This study was undertaken to develop a physical activity (PA) classification table for Koreans, using the 2011 Compendium of physical activities in the United States. The PA classification table for Koreans contains 262 codes, and values of the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) for specific activities. Of these, 243 PAs which do not have Korean specific data or information, were selected from the 2011 Compendium of PAs that originated in the United States; another 19 PAs were selected from the previous research data of Koreans. The PA classification table is codified to facilitate the selection of energy values corresponding to each PA. The code for each PA consists of a single letter alphabet (activity category) and four numeric codes that display the activity type (2 digit number), activity intensity (1 digit number), and specific activities (1 digit number). In addition, the intensity (sedentary behavior, low, middle and high) of specific PA and its rate of energy expenditure in MET are presented together. The activity categories are divided into 4 areas: Daily Activity (A), Movement (B), Occupation (C), and Exercise and Sports (D). The developed PA classification table can be applied to quantify the energy cost of PA for adults in research or practice, and to assess energy expenditure and physical activity levels based on self-reported PA.

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) has a beneficial effect on the prevention of arteriosclerosis in healthy adults. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between PA measured using an accelerometer and arterial stiffness in healthy Korean adults. Methods: This study involved 87 subjects (36.8% women) aged 20–64 years. PA was evaluated using an accelerometer (wGT3X-BT, ActiGraph, Florida, USA) for 7 days. Based on the results of the accelerometer measurement, subjects were classified into active and inactive groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO) PA guidelines. The brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) to assess arterial stiffness were measured by a non-invasive vascular screening device (VP-1000 Plus, Omron). Results: The average age of the study subjects was 47.7 ± 11.3 years and the WHO PA guideline achievement rate was 29.9%. There was no significant difference in arterial stiffness (baPWV and ABI) between the active and inactive groups. In females, the time spent in light PA were positively correlated with ABI (r = 0.396; p < 0.05) and the number of sedentary bouts over 50 minutes was inversely correlated with ABI (r = −0.402; p < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between PA and arterial stiffness in males. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that light PA and sedentary behavior have a positive correlation with arterial stiffness in females.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the cytologic features of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expressing pulmonary adenocarcinoma. METHODS: We analyzed the cytopathological findings of 15 cases of endobronchial ultrasound guided aspiration and a case of bronchial washing. These cases were selected based on the histomorphology of ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: Cytology showed mucinous (81.3%) and hemorrhagic (50%) backgrounds. The cells were arranged in tubulopapillary or tubulocribriform patterns (93.8%), and clusters (56.3%) admixed with signet ring cell features (87.5%). The tumor cells were monotonous and uniform with vesicular nuclei and a small nucleolus. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic findings were sheets showing a tubulopapillary or tubulocribriform appearance, with vesicular nuclei and a bland chromatin pattern (p<0.001). Scattered signet ring cells were helpful in suggesting ALK-positive adenocarcinoma (p<0.001).
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Chromatin ; Lung ; Lymphoma ; Mucins ; Phosphotransferases ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined diabetic patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery to determine whether there is an association between autonomic dysfunction and intraoperative hemodynamic instability, and if perioperative autonomic function tests are effective predictors for diabetic patients at greatest risk for hemodynamic events during the intraoperative period. METHODS: We examined 52 patients, 25 without diabetes (nonDM group) and 27 with diabetes (DM group). Preoperative autonomic function tests included are the valslava maneuver (valsalva ratio, valsalva index, strain response), change in heart rate with deep breathing (I/E ratio), change in heart rate (30:15 ratio, stress response) and diastolic blood pressure (L-S(d)) while standing. Anesthesia was established with midazolam, fentanyl, isoflurane and vecuronium. Several hemodynamic variables such as heart rate (HR), mean arerial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), cardiac output (CO), and cardiac index (CI) were obtained at the following times: before induction; after induction; after intubation; after skin incision and after sternotomy. RESULTS: The DM group had a significantly diminished response compared with the nonDM group in the valsalva ratio, valsalva index, 30:15 ratio, and L-S(d). The remaining tests (I/E ratio, strain response, stress response) showed similar but nonsignificant diminished trend response in the DM group. Most patients had one or more abnormal test results in this group (76%), whereas in the control group most patients did not show any abnormal test results (74.1%). The comparison of hemodynamic response between the DM group and non-DM group reveal a significant difference between times within each group but not between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that increased hemodynamic instability during the intraoperative period is not an obligatory association with diabetes and autonomic dysfunction and is not detected bypreoperative autonomic function tests in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus when anesthesia is induced and maintained with a large dose of opioid and anesthetic agent which has minimal hemodynamic effects.
Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Central Venous Pressure ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Intubation ; Isoflurane ; Midazolam ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Respiration ; Skin ; Sternotomy ; Vascular Resistance ; Vecuronium Bromide

The idiopathic long-QT syndrome is an infrequent inherited disorder, characterized by prolonged QT interval and by the occurrence of life-threatening tachyarrhythmia, particularly in association with emotional or physical stree. In its characteristic presentation, with obvious QT prolongation and stree induced syncope with torsades de points, the diagnosis is straightforward for physicians aware of the disease. But sometimes in cases of borderline QT prolongation and vague symptom, a correct diagnosis is delayed and frequently misdiagnosed as a seizure disorder. The mortality of untreated symptomatic patients with LQTS exceeds 20% in the year after their first syncopal episode and aapproaches 50% within 10 years. But this high mortality rate has been significantly reduced by the use of pharmacological or surgical antiadrenergic therapy or both. So early detection of the disease and antiadrenergic treatment sympathetic innervation to the heart. Second, there was intrinsic gene abnormality in the mechanisms responsible for cardiac repolarization. We report one case of LQTS in a 24 years old female patient who had been suffering from stree related syncope. Her initial EKG had prologed QT interval(588msec) and increased QT intrval dispersion(200msec). In the Holter monitor, long and short cycle sequence induced (pause-dependent) torsades de pointes was detected. She has been treated by beta-blocker and has maintained her condition without recurrence of the symptoms.
Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; Mortality ; Recurrence ; Syncope ; Tachycardia ; Torsades de Pointes ; Young Adult

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The safety and the feasibility of performing laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) have not yet been established. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery performed after preoperative CRT. METHODS: We enrolled 124 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Of these patients, 56 received preoperative CRT (CRT group), whereas 68 did not (non-CRT group). The patients who were found to have distant metastasis and open conversion during surgery were excluded. The clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated and the short-term outcomes were compared between the CRT and non-CRT groups. RESULTS: The mean operation time was longer in the CRT group (294 minutes; range, 140 to 485 minutes; P = 0.004). In the non-CRT group, the tumor sizes were larger (mean, 4.0 cm; range, 1.2 to 8.0 cm; P < 0.001) and more lymph nodes were harvested (mean, 12.9; range, 0 to 35; P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in time to first bowel movement, tolerance of a soft diet, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complication rate. CONCLUSION: Performing laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer after preoperative CRT may be safe and feasible if performed by a highly skilled laparoscopic surgeon. Randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up studies are necessary to support our results.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Diet ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postoperative Complications ; Rectal Neoplasms