Double-orifice mitral valve is a relatively rare congenital abnormality, usually discovered at autopsy or surgery. In most cases, the double-orifice mitral valve causes no hemodynamic effects, sometimes it is regurgitant, and rarely is stenotic. Appreciation of this echocardiographic abnormality is important because double orifice mitral valve is often associated with other congenital anomalies and this echocardiographic findings may be confused with other cardiac abnormalities. The authors report a case of isolated congenital double-orifice mitral valve in a 42-year-old woman. Data from the literature are reviewed and the echocardiographic images of the malformation are described.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Mitral Valve*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to understand the meaning of mind control as it is understood by elderly persons in Korea. METHOD: This study was conducted by engaging three elderly persons who are over the age of sixty five and presently residing in Seoul. Several in depth interviews were conducted with these individuals from March 2003 until November 2003. The contents of the interviews were analyzed using the Giorgi Method (1985), which places the emphasis on discovering meaning within the phenomenological context of an individual's experience. RESULTS: The analysis of the contents revealed the following four components with regard to the meaning of mind control for elderly persons (1) Settling the mind (2) Gradual lowering of expectations and hope for the success of offspring, (3) Having good thoughts and acting accordingly, and (4) Making up one's mind to follow the 'natural flow of life'. CONCLUSION: By allowing a wider and deeper understanding of the meaning of mind control for elderly persons the results of this study provide a basis for improving the care of elderly with a holistic perspective.
Aged* ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Change Events ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Fetus* ; Gases*

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors affecting unmet dental care needs among elderly living alone. Methods: The study subjects were 19,019 elderly living by themselves, who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey 2018 (KCHS, 2018). The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, Rao-Scott chi-square test, t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis, using the SAS 9.4 software. Results: Results from the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a higher odds ratio (OR) for unmet dental care needs among those with a monthly household income below KRW 1,000,000 (OR=1.64, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI=1.39-1.92), compared to those with an income of above KRW 2,000,000. With regards to stress levels, unmet dental care needs were more prevalent among participants in the “stress moderate” (OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.06-1.33) and “stress” groups (OR=1.68 95% CI=1.48-1.92), compared to the “no stress” group. Furthermore, the OR for unmet dental care needs was significantly higher among participants in the “depression” group (OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.61-2.11) than the “no depression” group. Conclusions Higher unmet dental care needs were found among participants in the low monthly household income, stress, and depression groups. Further study is needed to analyze the association between factors and needs related to unmet dental care.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors affecting unmet dental care needs among elderly living alone. Methods: The study subjects were 19,019 elderly living by themselves, who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey 2018 (KCHS, 2018). The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, Rao-Scott chi-square test, t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis, using the SAS 9.4 software. Results: Results from the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a higher odds ratio (OR) for unmet dental care needs among those with a monthly household income below KRW 1,000,000 (OR=1.64, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI=1.39-1.92), compared to those with an income of above KRW 2,000,000. With regards to stress levels, unmet dental care needs were more prevalent among participants in the “stress moderate” (OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.06-1.33) and “stress” groups (OR=1.68 95% CI=1.48-1.92), compared to the “no stress” group. Furthermore, the OR for unmet dental care needs was significantly higher among participants in the “depression” group (OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.61-2.11) than the “no depression” group. Conclusions Higher unmet dental care needs were found among participants in the low monthly household income, stress, and depression groups. Further study is needed to analyze the association between factors and needs related to unmet dental care.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand moxibustion for reduction of pain during menstruation. METHOD: Fifteen women were selected as subjects and data collection was conducted from September to December 2003. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermotraphic Image (DITI) were used to measure the degree of pain and body heat. RESULT: The results showed that there was a significant reduction of pain during menstruation when hand moxibustion was performed. Also, there were significant differences in the change of body heat. These were left hands (Z=-2.805, p=.005), right hands (Z=-2.805, p=.005) and lower abdomen (Z=-2.803, p=.005). CONCLUSION: It was found that hand moxibustion decreased pain during menstruation and increased body heat. Therefore, hand moxibustion may be a good method for intervention to decrease pain during menstruation.
Abdomen ; Data Collection ; Female ; Hand* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Menstruation* ; Moxibustion*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to understand the experience of health behavior among elderly women. METHOD: Participants of this study were 8 healthy elderly women over 65, who live in city and town. The data were collected through in-depth interview and participant observation, analyzed by the Colaizzi (1978)'s phenomenal research method was adopted. The data collection period was from March to May of 2003. RESULT: The essential themes were 'desiring to keep oneself in good health even with aging body', 'receiving and living with illness', 'maintaining ones health with body activity', 'getting along with peace of mind' CONCLUSION: The study is significant because it provides viewpoints for understanding elderly women's experience of health behavior in the context of Korean culture. And also it provides guideline for elderly nursing intervention.
Aged* ; Aging ; Data Collection ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Nursing

PURPOSE: This longitudinal study was done to investigate critical thinking dispositions and critical thinking skills of nursing students enrolled in a 4-year baccalaureate program at a university in Korea. METHOD: The study used a longitudinal design. A convenience sample of 32 nursing students who were completing their 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year in a baccalaureate program at a selected university was included. The subjects completed the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI), the California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST), and a demographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated ANOVA, adjusted p-values, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS 8.12. RESULTS: There was statistically significant improvement according to academic year in the CCTDI total mean score (F=7.54, p= .0001) and subscales of Open-mindedness, Self-confidence, and Maturity. Contrarily, no statistically significant difference was found in the CCTST total mean score and subscales' score except Analysis. CONCLUSION: There is no significant correlation between critical thinking dispositions and skills, so it will be necessary to repeat a study like this, and the translated instruments should be modified by considering Korean culture.
*Thinking ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Korea ; Humans ; *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Adult

BACKGROUND: Several stents are now available for the treatment of failed or suboptimal angioplasty. However, one of the limitations of stents is difficult to deploy especially in tortuous vessels, lesions at a bend, and distal to previously deployed stents. The AVE Micro-II stent has a very low profile(1.65mm), optimum radio-opacity, and highly flexible properties. It is mounted on a semi-compliant balloon with a monorail delivery system. Therefore, it is easy to operate and feasible in tortuous, distal lesions and variety of lesion lengths. We report clinical outcomes and angiographic follow up results of AVE Micro-II stent. METHODS: Between January 1996 and September 1996, 77 patients were stented with the AVE Micro-II stent. Six-months follow-up angiogram was performed in 57 patients(64 lesions, follow-up rate : 74%). RESULTS: The overall angiographic restenosis rate was 26.6%. By univariable analysis, the rate of restenosis was significantly higher for stents in angulated lesions, in smaller post-stent luminal diameter, in the left anterior descending artery lesion than the right coronary artery, in ostial lesion(p=0.02), in peristent dissecting lesions(p=0.02), in tortuous proximal vessels(p=0.03). Stenting of angulated lesions(p=0.0001, Odds ratio=54.64), small post-stent luminal diameter(p=0.01, Odds ratio=5.46), and the left anterior descending artery than the right coronary artery(p=0.03, Odds ratio=17.2) were the strong independent predictors of restenosis in a multiple logistic regression analysis. Event-free survival(freedom from death, myocardial infarction or revascularization) was 80.7% at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The AVE Micro-II stent can be placed safely and efficiently. 2) The angiographic restenosis rate was 26.6%, and 80.7% of patients remained free of cardiovascular events at 6 months. 3) Stenting of angulated lesions, small post-stent luminal diameter, and the left anterior descending artery than the right coronary artery are associated with higher rates of restenosis.
Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phenobarbital ; Stents*

BACKGROUND: Despite of the first coronary wallstent implantation ushered in the new era in interventional cardiology with the purpose of circumventing the two major limitation of coronary balloon angioplasty, early acute occlusion and late restenosis, however, previous investigators suggested the high rate of subacute occlusion after original wallstent implantation. Recently the low incidence of the subacute closure and restenosis rate with the newely modified less shortening coronary wallstent in native coronary artery and in aortocoronary vein grafts were reported. In this study we report the acute and 6 months follow up results with less shortening coronary wall stent in 32 patients. METHODS: Thirty two patients were enrolled from March 1996 through February 1997 at the Yonsei cardiovascular center of Yonsei University. The specific angiographic criteria for enrollment included at least 70% stenosis and a lesion that was 20mm or more in length and a vessel diameter of at least 2.5mm. Enteric coated aspirin(100mg daily) and ticlopidine(500mg daily) at least 3 days before the procedure and received continuous infusion of 24,000U of heparin for 1day after the procedure. Angiography was performed in two orthogonal views at pre, post procedure and 6months later. Quantitative analysis was performed with the use of the electronic caliper comparing to the empty catheter. All continuous variables were expressed as mean SD and analyzed with the t-test. Differences between groups were analyzed with Chi-square analysis and Fishers Exact test where appropriate. RESULTS: The newly modified Coronary Less Shortening Wallstents were successfully implanted in all the 35 diffuse coronary lesions(more than 20mm in length) of the 32 patients, including 15 pts of acute myocardial infarction, 14 pts of unstable angina, and 3 pts of stable angina. Average 6 months follow up angiography was performed in 26 patients. Immediate angiographic results with Less Shortening Wallstent comparing with 6 months follow up were 3.0+/-0.4mm and 1.7+/-0.9mm in minimal luminal diameter(MLD), 5.1+/-9.1% and 46.8+/-25.8% in diameter stenosis(DS). During the in-hospital phase, no major cardiac event occurred except 2 cases of transmural myocardial infarction, including one of stent thrombosis(3.1%) and one of side branch occlusion, despite of inclusion of 7 cases of threatened occlusion in the long lesion. The restenosis rate at follow up angiography was 30.7%(8/26 pts). The restenosis rate was higher in patients with stent insertion into right coronary artery or adjuvant high pressure oversize ballooning after stent insertion but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that new Less Shortening Wallstent might reduce the requirement of multiple stent in the long lesion and a lower rate of subacute thrombotic occlusion in comparison to the reports with its prototype. Restenosis rate was not significantly different from other types of stents. Althouth the restenosis rate was high in patients with stent insertion, there was no statistical significance probably due to small sample size. But further large scale long term follow-up study is needed to evaluate the role of new Less Shortening Wallstent.
Angina, Stable ; Angina, Unstable ; Angiography ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Cardiology ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Heparin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phenobarbital ; Research Personnel ; Sample Size ; Stents ; Transplants ; Veins