We compared the performance of three screening kits for the detection of anti-HIV in 187 samples; Enzygnost Anti-HIV 1/2 Plus, ABBOTT TESTPACK HIV- 1/HIV-2 & SERODIA. HIV- 1/2. Four samples, 3 serums and 1 CSF, from 2 patients were repeatedly reactive in all three screening kits and 2 serum specimens were confirmed positive(HIV-1) by the western blot assay. The sensitivity and specificity of all three screening kits were 100% and 98.9%, respectively. In Korea, the cause of AIDS is mostly HIV-1 and the prevalence is very low. So, all three screening kits were useful for the detection of anti-HIV from patients and blood donors. But the use of screening kit for the detection of anti-HIV-1, anti-HIV-2 and anti-HIV-I subtype O will be needed for the decrement of false negative rate because HIV infection has been increased, especially, HIV-2 infection and pediatric AIDS patient by vertical transmission were also reported, currently.
Antibodies* ; Blood Donors ; Blotting, Western ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; HIV-1 ; HIV-2 ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This study was conducted to analyze the relations among nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude eating practice and total nutritional diagnosis and also to find the influencing factors of them. The survey was done during the period from April 1990 to June 1990 and the target population were Ewha Woman's University students (freshmen and senior) of whom 1,354 peoples were surveyed. The summarized results are as follows ; 1. For the learning environment, the percentage of completion on nutritional knowledge course was 28.6% and among them the department of foods and nutrition had the highest score(100.0%) and the next was dept. of medicine(53.4%). 2. To find the relation which the nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, eating practice and the total nutritional diagnosis influence on one another, the multiple correlation analysis was done. The attitude the practice were highly correlated with total nutritional diagnosis, but the correlation between nutritional knowledge and total nutritional diagnosis was not significant. The correlation between the practice and nutritional knowledge which were positively and significantly correlated with attitude respectively was positive but not significant. 3. The difference which were analyzed by department, grade and completion on knowledge course on the nutritional knowledge, attitude, eating practice were significant (p<0.01) by ANOVA. 4. The significant variables on nutritional diagnosis are the eating practice points, the grade, the knowledge course, the breakfast and the attitude (r2=10.3%) by multiple regression analysis. This study has the limitation that it did not consider the environmental factors of dietary life such as dietary culture, family environment, cultural habit. Therefore important points of these dietary studies are to extend to the practical nutritional education and dietary improvement for the national health not restricted to the local area or local population.
Attitude ; Breakfast ; Diagnosis ; Eating* ; Education ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Learning

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' cognition of the diagnosis related group (DRG) in long-term care hospitals and changes in nursing care after application of the DRG system. METHOD: This study was a descriptive survey involving 161 nurses working in 12 long-term care hospitals located in Gwangju city and Chonnam area. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 version program. Data analyses utilized descriptive test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. RESULT: There was no change in cognition of DRG in 55.3% of the nurses, and 26.1% takes to 'change positively'. More than half of the respondents (57.8%) agreed to the application of DRG. After application of DRG, the nurses responded 'there were changes in nursing care' in 23 of the 25 care items. Two items had an increase in nursing care. CONCLUSIONS: No distinct changes in nursing care were evident after DRG application. Therefore, there is need to provide education programs related to DRG for nurse in long-term care hospitals.
Cognition ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Long-Term Care ; Nursing Care ; Statistics as Topic

There has been growing interest in using density porous polyethylence(Medpor) for reconstrctive facial bone surgery because of their perceived increased biocompatibility. the implant is a highly stable and somewhat flexible porous alloplast that has shown to exhibit rapid tissue ingrowth into its pores. A total of 77 Medpor implants were placed in 65 patients over a one and half year period Implants were used for orbital reconstruction, correction of craniofacial contour deformities, malar and chin area. Before operation, adequate photographic and radiologic examination was performed to carry out operation plan. Within 65 patients 38 patients were due to acute trauma, 23 patients due to posttraumatic facial deformity, and 4 patients cosmetic. the result was satisfactory: 95.4% of the patients were improved after operation. One complication occurred due to previously existed sinusitis and it was cured by conservative treatment. On the basis of our results, the Medpor implant is an excellent alternative to existing implant materials. They are easy to handle, shape, contour, position and fixate. If applied under adequate indications, the use of these implants will permit satisfactory results with little complications.
Chin ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Orbit ; Sinusitis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of aroma foot bath on urination status (Prostatic Symptom and bother score due to urinary symptoms) and stress related to urination in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: This study consists of pre- and post-tests in a non-equivalent group design. The 52 BPH patients selected by random sampling in G City were assigned to two groups (experimental group=26, control group=26). Data of their general characteristics, urination status and stress related to urination were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Aroma Foot Bath was performed to the experimental group for 15-20 minutes every day for a week. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were used for the analyses in this study with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 version program. RESULTS: Prostatic symptom and bother score due to urinary symptoms in the experimental group were improved than those in the control group (t=-7.94, p<.001). Compared to the control group, the stress related to urination in the experimental group (t=-8.78, p<.001) was significantly reduced (t=-5.21, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that aroma foot bath is effective in improving urination status and reducing stress related to urination in BPH patients.
Aromatherapy ; Baths* ; Foot* ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Urination Disorders ; Urination*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of aromatherapy massage on constipation in the elderly. METHOD: This study for 10 day, employed a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group received abdominal massage using essential oils with Rosemary, Lemon, and Peppermint, and the control group received a placebo massage. To evaluate the effect of aromatherapy, the degree of constipation was measured using the CAS(constipation assessment scale) and the number of bowel movements per week. Data was analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA using the SPSS program. RESULT: The score of CAS of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. In addition the average number of bowel movements in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The effect of aromatherapy lasted 2 weeks after treatment, while the placebo effect lasted 7~10 days after treatment. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study showed that aromatherapy helps relieve constipation in the elderly.
Plant Oils/therapeutic use ; Oils, Volatile/*therapeutic use ; *Massage ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Constipation/*therapy ; *Aromatherapy ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of moving from a functional method of nursing care delivery to a modified team nursing delivery system. METHODS: A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure satisfaction with the nursing delivery system, self-efficacy, job stress and nursing performance. Participants were 72 nurses working at a university hospital and data were collected three times; before, one month and three months after the modification to a modified team nursing delivery system. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: Satisfaction with the nursing delivery system increased significantly after the change to the modified team nursing method. There were no significant differences in self-efficacy, job stress, or nursing performance. However, satisfaction with the nursing delivery system and nursing performance increased and job stress decreased significantly in new nurses with less than 1 year experience. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that a modified team nursing method has positive results on nurses' satisfaction, self-efficacy, job stress, and nursing performance compared to the functional method. Effect of changing the nursing delivery system in the hospital suggests possibilities and directions for a modified nursing delivery system that would be useful in hospitals presently using the functional method.
Methods ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Nursing, Team

The authors introduced flip back spin echo (FBSE) technique for MR imaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) instead of conventional spin echo (SE) technique, and evaluated whether FBSE technique in MRI of TMJ is adequate for the diagnosis of the disorders or not. FBSE T1 parasagittal images in closed mouth state and sequential opening and closing mouth states using patient's own finger(s) were obtained and then FBSE T1 paracoronal image in closed mouth state and STAGE(short tip angle gradient echo) parasagittal T2WI were followed. All 30 images of the symptomatic TMJs using FBSE technique were excellent in the visualization of articular and their displacement, and we could easily diagnose the internal derangement. FBSE technique was adequate for the diagnosis of internal derangement of the TMJ, and the modified cine display from images using FBSE technique was advantageous in the diagnosis of the disorders by visualization of the dynamic motion of the TMJ.
Diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mouth ; Temporomandibular Joint*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find some points that may help the differential diagnosis of ring lesions in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver through recognition of the characteristics of the morphology and the signal intensities of the ring lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1- and T2-weighted axial spin-echo images and gadolinium-enhanced Tl-weighted images were obtained with a 1.0 T superconducting MR imager. We reviewed the MR findings of 23 hepatic ring lesions which were confirmed as hepatocellular carcinomas (13), metastases (4), liver abscesses (4), hydatid cyst (1), and hematoma (1). RESULTS: There were 19 single rings and 4 double rings (all the cases were liver abscesses) on Tl-weighted images, and 8 single rings and 14 double rings on T2-weighted images. The signal intensity of the ring was low in hepatocellular carcinoma on Tl-weighted images and in hydatid cyst on T2-weighted images. It was high on Tl-weighted images in subacute hemaroma. Target lesion as an inner high-signal-intensity ring surrounded by a high-signal-intensity ring on T2-weighted images was seen in metatasis, liver abscess, and hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION: It is helpful to recognize the chracteristics of morphology and signal intensities of the ring lesions in the differential diagnosis of hepatic focal lesions.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echinococcosis ; Hematoma ; Liver Abscess ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Metastasis

OBJECTIVE: Sperm must be properly prepared in in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) programs in order to control the fertilization rate and ensure that embryos are of high quality and have appropriate developmental abilities. The objective of this study was to determine the most optimal sperm preparation method for IVF. METHODS: Patients less than 40 years of age who participated in a fresh IVF-ET cycle from November 2012 to March 2013 were included in this study. Poor responders with less than three mature oocytes were excluded. Ham's F-10 medium or sperm-washing medium (SWM) was used in combination with the density-gradient centrifugation/swim-up (DGC-SUP) or SUP methods for sperm preparation. A total of 429 fresh IVF-ET cycles were grouped according to the media and methods used for sperm preparation and retrospectively analyzed (DGC-SUP/Ham's F-10, n=82; DGC-SUP/SWM, n=43; SUP/Ham's F-10, n=181; SUP/SWM, n=123). RESULTS: There were no significant differences among these four groups with respect to the mean age of the female partners, duration of infertility, number of previous IVF cycles, and retrieved oocytes. We determined that both the DGC-SUP and SUP methods for sperm preparation from whole semen, using either Ham's F-10 or SWM media, result in comparable clinical outcomes, including fertilization and pregnancy rates. CONCLUSION: We suggest that both media and both methods for sperm preparation can be used for selecting high-quality sperm for assistive reproductive technology programs.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reproductive Techniques ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen ; Spermatozoa