OBJECTIVE:To design intermittent intravenous drip dose regimen of antibiotics. METHODS: The pharmacokinetic data were computed using the multidoses function method taking cefazolin,ceftriaxone and amikacin as examples. Then computation program was programmed using Excel software based on pharmacokinetic parameters combined with pharmacodynamic parameters to design rational dosage regimen. RESULTS: The bactericidal effect of time-dependent antibiotics was chiefly dependent on the time during which the drug blood concentration was higher than minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC).For those antibacterials with short elimination half life(t1/2)in plasma,the best regimen was to give patients the med-icine in a small average divided dose or continuous medication. For those with(t1/2) greater than 12～24 h,single dose admin-istration was advisable. For concentration-dependent antibiotics,the best PK/PD parameters for optimal clinical antibiotic effect were Cmax/ MIC,and which should be administered in single time (daily dose). CONCLUSION: PK/PD parameters -based intermittent intravenous drip dosage regimen of antibiotics designed by means of Excel function is simple,reliable and intuitionistic.

0.05), and the treatment costs of the two groups were 30 235.20 yuan and 36 950.40 yuan, respectively (P

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis is a extremely rare disease and reported less than 50 cases in literature. This tumor is known to be commonly associated with renal stone, hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis in hydronephrotic kidney with multiple renal stones.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Mucins* ; Pyelonephritis ; Rare Diseases

This study was designed to analyze the nursing curricula in graduate programs and suggest the direction of future nursing curricula. Thirty-two nursing curricula for a master's degree and fifteen curricula for a doctoral degree from general graduate programs, fifteen nursing curricula for a master's degree from fifteen educational graduate programs, eight nursing curricula for master degree from eight out of twelve public health graduate programs, three nursing curricula for a master's degree from three administrative graduate programs, and four nursing curricula for a master's degree from four clinical nursing graduate programs, were analyzed. Consequently, It was hard to find a clear difference between the educational goals and objectives, the subjects open in nursing curricula for a master's degree and those for a doctoral degree of graduate programs. The educational graduate programs, public health graduate programs, administrative graduate programs, and clinical nursing graduate programs, each program showed ittle diffrent in each educational goal and objective. However, because the various kinds of subjects open in each program were not based on the core curricula, the quality of the nursing curricula need to be evaluated and develope the curricula to difference are the goal and objective. Accordingly, future studies need to be focused on developing core nursing curricula reflecting the characteristics of each graduate program.
Curriculum* ; Korea* ; Nursing* ; Public Health

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of primary orbital synovial sarcoma. CASE SUMMARY: A 55-year-old male visited our clinic with a 2-month history of decreased visual field in the left eye. The best corrected visual acuity of the left eye was 1.0, and 2.5 mm of proptosis was observed. There was slight limitations in motility and a mild visual field defect in the inferotemporal quadrant of the left eye. Funduscopic examination of the left eye revealed papilledema. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the presence of an orbital mass that extended inferotemporally into the left orbit. On magnetic resonance imaging, a well-demarcated and 2.7 x 2.0 x 2.2 cm sized tumor was identified with intermediate signal intensities on T1/T2-weighted scans with slight homogenous enhancement. We approached the orbital mass using a lateral conjunctival incision with left canthotomy and cantholysis and performed partial surgical resection of the mass because the mass encircled the optic nerve. The mass was diagnosed as synovial sarcoma based on the findings of both histopathology and immunohistochemical staining. Postoperatively, the patient underwent radiation therapy to the rest of the tumor site. CONCLUSIONS: Synovial sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an orbital mass lesion encircling the optic nerve. Radiation therapy is useful to treat completely unresectable primary synovial sarcoma.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Exophthalmos ; Eye ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

Peritonitis is a major complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and it remains the leading cause of patient droupout. VRE is a very serious pathogen because it is difficult to eradicate due to very limited effective antibiotics and because there is a possibility of transfer of this resistance to other gram-positive organisms including Staphylo-coccus aureus. We experienced a case of CAPD peritonitis by VRE, which was treated with high dose ampicillin and streptomycin without removal of CAPD catheter. We report our experience of CAPD peritonitis caused by VRE and review the literature.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis* ; Streptomycin ; Vancomycin*

Pain control is very important in managing terminal cancer patients and there are several modalities to alleviate their pain. A high dosage of epidural morphine is effective to control terminal cancer pain. Furthermore, to decrease the amount of morphine, adding an alternative adjuvant like ketamine to the morphine regimen is considered helpful for controlling the pain of a terminal cancer patient. A 45 year old male patient with terminal lung cancer had neck pain that was caused by multiple bone metastases. Continuous epidural block was started with 2 mg/day of morphine and the dosage was gradually increased to 90 mg/day in 86 days. 30 mg/day of ketamine was then added to it. Overall, the morphine and ketamine dosages were increased to 564 mg/day and 140 mg/day, respectively, in 11 months until the patient expired. In this case, the high dosage of epidural morphine, 580 mg/day, was administered to control cancer pain without any severe adverse effects.
Analgesia, Epidural* ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morphine* ; Neck Pain ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Myxoma*

Recently, many natural medicines, whose advantages are less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity, their anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Cervi Parvum Cornu(CPC) have been traditionally used as an hale, growth, hematogenous, anti-aging, back pain in Eastern medicine. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of CPC extract on cell cycle progression and its molecular mechanism in human fetal osteoblasts. CPC extracts (10 microgram/ml) increased cell proliferation in the human fetal osteoblasts as compared to non-supplemented control. There was no significant change in the G1 and S phase, but a increase in the G2/M phase in 10 microgram/ml and 100 microgram/ml of CPC extracts group as compared to non-supplemented control. The protein expression of cyclin E, cdk 2, cyclin D, cdk 4, and cdk 6 was higher than that of control group. The level of p21 was lower than that of control. But that of pRb and p16 was not distinguished from control. These results indicate that the increase of cell proliferation by CPC extracts may be due to the increased expression of cyclin E , cdk 2, cyclin D, cdk 4 and cdk 6, and the decreased expression of p21 in human fetal osteoblasts .
Back Pain ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D ; Cyclin E ; Cyclins ; Humans* ; Osteoblasts* ; S Phase

Internal myiasis is a rare disease, which has not been reported in Korea, yet. This case report describes a patient with pneumonia associated with internal myiasis. She was 84-year old female who was admitted to the emergency department, Konyang University Hospital as a result of dyspnea and fever and a drowsy mental state. Approximately twenty fly maggots continuously crawled out from the nose at the third hospital day in the intensive care unit. These maggots were almost 7.2mm long and were identified as the genus lucilia belonging to the family Calliphoridae. In addition, a bronchial washing study showed eggs of the dipterous larvae. A lesion of this myiasis case might have been located in the respiratory system of patient. This case is the first internal myiasis of the respiratory system reported in Korea. This cases is discussed with a review of the relevant literature.
Aged, 80 and over ; Diptera ; Dyspnea ; Eggs ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Larva ; Myiasis* ; Nose ; Ovum ; Pneumonia* ; Rare Diseases ; Respiratory System