The solid dispersion system (SDA) of dihydroartemisinine (DHA) with PEG 400, PEG 1540, PEG 4000, PEG 6000 and Tween 20, cremophor EL, PEG 400 stearate as cocarrier were prepared. the experimental results showed that the release rate of DHA from suppository base was greater than the semi-synthetic triglyceride base and the physico-mixture
Sesquiterpenes ; Suppositories

66 strains of heamophilus influenzae and 50 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirates from 161 patients under 5 years old with ARI at the Viet Nam - Cu Ba Hospital, Ha Noi, during 9/1997 to 9/1998. 13 antibiotics were tested using the disk diffusion method. H.influenzae is still susceptible to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones (95-100%). S.pneumoniae is also susceptible to cephalosporins (82-100%).
Respiratory Tract Infections ; child ; Helicobacter pylori

The objectives of this study were to 1) compare shelf lives of imported versus domestically produced drugs, both as filed with the Drug Administration of Vietnam and as recorded on the drug labels in the market; and 2) review the compliance with expiry dates in 30 selected pharmacies in Hanoi. This retrospective study included 3480 imported and 4519 local drugs in the register files together survey of 1069 local and 1089 imported drugs in private pharmacies in Hanoi. The results showed that 1) frequency of local drugs expiry date in register files was higher than those in real market (97.32% vs. 88.44%, respectively) and 2) the imported drugs on the average have a shelf life twice as long as domestically produced ones. There were still an average of 2.18% of the above mentioned drugs list found in the pharmacies that was out of shelf life. The findings suggest that domestic producers tend to indicate shelf lives that are significantly shorter than those of the foreign manufacturers, and that there may be a need for more close supervision of the regulations concerning shelf life of pharmaceutical products at the pharmaceutical sector.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Health Care Sector

In the pharmaceutical Branch, drug quality is always the first concern. For last years, the enterprises have been continuously invested for manufacturing facilities to attain GMP standard. However, Only GMP standard is not enough, one of factors related with drug quality is conservative condition, which have not properly noted.
diagnosis ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Over 3 years, the number of pharmaceutical drugs suspended from distribution system by the Drug Administration of Vietnam is 142 drugs in 1997, 103 drugs in 1998, and 11 pharmaceuticals in 1999. Analyzing the list of these pharmaceuticals reveals that:* About 70% drugs suspended from existing distribution system have a long remained time in expiry date, meaning that these products could not meet technical specifications after manufacturing date. More than 75% suspended pharmaceuticals do not meet quality standards, especially those related to quantitative assay. Therefore, the instability of quality remains the major reason for pharmaceutical drug suspension. *Vitamin and traditional drugs are of the two pharmaceutical groups, which have low stability of quality. In 1999, most of drugs contained Vitamin B12 were under rank of the technical specification. Traditional medicines were suspended for not reaching standards on microbiology, on taking a look of outward appearance, and for containing chemicals that do not register in the formulation. There should have some recommendations for manufactures and managers to improve quality of pharmaceuticals distributed in the market
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Drug Stability

The research was done to monitor the stability of quality, which are currently distributed in the market. The sample size is of 136 drugs with expiry date, which are selected from retail pharmacies in Hanoi. These 136 drugs represent both domestic-made and imported products, different kinds of pharmaceutics and various groups of pharmacology. Results show that 11.0% of 136 studied pharmaceuticals do not meet the technical specifications. Among this, 7.4% fail to meet standards on quantitative assay. The rate of domestic made pharmaceuticals under its quantitative assay is twice higher than imported ones. Vitamin and traditional products are of the two drug groups having low stability. Almost drugs currently sold in the market have long expiry. However, there remains a considerable ratio of pharmaceuticals drugs under the quality standards.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Drug Stability ; Marketing

Outline on the antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated during 1989-1995 in Viet Nam based on the data of antimicrobial susceptibility tests of NIHE and ASTS project. Comparing to the data from countries in South East Asis/India we found that: Str.pneumoniae is still susceptible to benzylpenicillin. B-lactams, macrolides, chloramphenicol. In many countries the reported incidence of drug-resistant Str.Pneumoniae has increased in the last year. The frequency and patterns of resistance vary in different geographic regions, countries and over different periods.
Drug Resistance ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Green tea infusion is one of the most popular drinks in many countries, especially in ASIA countries such as Japan, China and Vietnam. Green tea has been mounting regarding the anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant.
polyphenols ; green tea extract AR25 ; Plants, Medicinal

The diabetic patients are usually suffered from oxidation stress. Green tea is one of the good herbal medicines has been used for treatment of some diseases. Objectives: Evaluate change of antioxidant status in blood and effect of the green tea polyphenol on this change in the experimental diabetic rats. Methods: Using in vivo model to investigate some biological indicators in STZ - induced diabetic rats fed with high fat diet and to evaluate effect of the green tea polyphenol on the changes of these indicators. Results: Erythrocyte GPx activity and serum MDA concentration in STZ - induced diabetic rats was higher than that of normal and lipid metabolism disorder groups (p < 0.001) and effected of the green tea polyphenol. However, no change in erythrocyte SOD activity and plasma TAS level was observed. Conclusions: Green tea polyphenol improved blood antioxidant status in STZ - induced diabetic rats.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Tea ; Camellia sinensis ; Blood ; Oxidants

By the technique of indirect immunofluoresceine using 18 diverse markers, in the hospital K- Ha Noi, study was performed to determine the capacity of foreign antigene expression of tumor cells in the cell surface making them identified by immunology system through HLA system on NPC < 75 years old age patients. This system played an essential role in the regulation and realization of immune response.
Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Nasopharyngeal Diseases ; Diagnosis