Background: Previous studies showed that B hepatitis prevalence in Vietnam was very high and the rate of mother-to-child transmission was range from 44.7% to 45.2%. Objectives: Study on the efficacies of the interventional methods with anti-HBV immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccination within 24 hours after birth for neonates in Hanoi. Subjects and method: This interventional study was carried out on 163 neonates of positive-HBsAg mothers who were admitted to Hanoi Obstetrical Hospital from 6/2005 to 3/2007. These neonates received anti-HBV immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccination within 24 hours after birth, then were followed up for 11 to 18 months. Results: Among these 163 neonates that received interventions, there were 135 neonates that underwent HBsAg tests after 11 to 18 months. The results showed that only one newborn baby had positive HBsAg (0.74%) and 134 neonates with non-HBV (99.26%). 81.5% of neonates had hepatitis B surface antibody that can protect against HBV. Conclusion: Early interventions with anti-HBV immunoglobulin and HBV vaccination were effective in preventing HBV for neonates of positive-HBsAg mothers.
anti-HBV immunoglobulin ; hepatitis B vaccination ; neonate

Background: Previous studies showed that B hepatitis prevalence in Vietnam was very high, and the rate of mother-to-child transmission ranged from 44.7% to 45.2%. And nearly 90% of infected babies will become chronic carriers in later life. Objectives: To determine the rates of the HBeAg, DNA-HBV markers and capacity of mother-to-child transmission among the positive-HBsAg pregnant women in Hanoi. Subjects and method: The cross-sectional study was carried out on 163 positive-HBsAg pregnant women admitted to the Hanoi Obstetrical Hospital from 6/2005 to 3/2007. Blood samples were collected from both mothers and neonates immediately after birth for analysis of HBeAg and DNA-HBV markers. Results:66/163 (40.5%) mothers had HBeAg marker. Among 67 positive-HBsAg pregnancies, 38 women (56.7%) had DNA-HBV marker. The rate of mother-to-child transmission of positive-HBsAg mothers was 55.2%. 96.3% of mothers with HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+) transmitted HBV to their babies. The risk of HBsAg(+) increased 68.6 times in babies of mothers with HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+) versus babies of mothers with HBsAg(+) alone. Among babies of mothers with DNA(+), 89.5% had HBsAg(+). The risk of HBsAg(+) in babies of mothers with DNA(+) was 73.7 times higher than that in babies of mothers with DNA(-). Conclusion: Babies that were born from HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+) mothers had high risk of becoming chronic carriers.
HBeAg marker ; DNA-HBV marker ; mother-to-child transmission ; positive HBsAg pregnant women

Background: Patients who received multiple transfusions of blood and blood products may produce antibodies against antigens of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets etc, resulting in many clinical implications. Objectives: To detect frequencies of antineutrophil antibodies in multitransfused patients at National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (NIHBT). Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on 30 multitransfused patients. Among them there were 12 with thrombocytopenia and 18 with aplastic anemia. Results: 6 cases had anti - neutrophil antibodies, of which 5 had more than 5 times of transfusion, 4 with aplastic anemia and 2 with thrombocytopenia. The sera were further tested with neutrophil panel, revealing 4 samples with anti - NA 1 (13.3%) and 1 sample with anti - NA2 (3.3%). The frequency of anti - neutrophil antibodies in multitransfused patients at IHBT in the study is 20%. Conclusion: Frequency of anti-NA1 was higher than anti-NA2 in multitransfused patients at NIHBT and directly proportional by frequency of NA1 and NA2 antigens in this group. The technical process to identify and classify antineutrophil antibodies in this study can be applied for patients who received multiple transfusions of blood and blood products in Viet Nam
Anemia ; Aplastic/ blood ; complications ; pathology ; Neutrophils

Background: Anti \ufffd?HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) antibody is result of immunization in allotransplantation. Organ transplantation is one of the great scientific achievements of the medicine. However, it is difficult to have the perfect harmony of HLA group. Inevitable consequence is the graft will be eliminated by the immune process. In Vietnam, organ transplantation was a relatively new specialty and there was not much research on evaluation immune process after transplantation. Objectives: To determine the rate of present of anti \ufffd?HLA antibody on transplant patients, and the role of post \ufffd?transplant anti \ufffd?HLA antibodies on long \ufffd?term graft function. Subjects and method: ELISA technique was used to analysis 31 blood samples of 31 patients who were transplanted organs at 103 military hospital and Cho Ray hospital from May 2000 to July 2007. This was a retrospective and described cross-sectional study on theclinical records. Results:The rate of anti \ufffd?HLA antibodies was 35.5%. The present of anti \ufffd?HLA antibodies of transplant patients had negative impact on graft function. Conclusion: The detection of anti \ufffd?HLA antibodies by ELISA in the post transplant period may be a high confident and sensitive technique for follows up graft function.
Organ Transplantation/ contraindications ; HLA Antigens ; Antibodies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ;

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a group of metabolic risk factors in one person but not a real disease. For this reason, metabolic syndrome is underestimated by clinicians and individuals. Metabolic syndrome that was not detected and treated timely can cause serious diseases. Objectives: 1) To investigate the abnormal blood biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. 2) To determine the abnormal ratio of these parameters. 3) To screen the metabolic syndrome among the staffs of Ha Noi Medical University. Subjects and method: 229 staffs underwent laboratory tests to diagnose for the metabolic syndrome. Abnormal blood biochemical parameters were defined as follows: Fasting blood glucose level increased 6.1mmol/l or more. Triglycerides level is 2.3mmol/l or more, HDL-cholesterol decreased to less than 1.03mmol/l for men and less than 1.24mmol/l for women. Total cholesterol level is 5.2mmol/l or more. CT to HDL-C ratio is more than 3.63 and LDL cholesterol level is 3.5mmol/l or more. Results. Rate of subjects with glucose intolerance or blood fasting glucose higher than 6.1mmol/L is 20.09%. Rate of subjects with dyslipidemia is 61.14%. Average levels of blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol increase with age. Number of staffs of Ha Noi Medical University have metabolic syndrome in 2007 are 32 persons (14%). M/F rate is equal and most common in persons over 45 years of age. Conclusion:There are significant number of staffs at the Ha Noi Medical University that had abnormal blood glucose and cholesterol levels related to metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome ; blood biochemical parameters.

Background: Identifying the factors which affect the invasion and metastasis process takes a vital role in the treatment of cancer. This is the first study on the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP \u2013 9), invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Vietnam. Objectives: To evaluate the significance of matrix metalloproteinase \u2013 9 in predicting the metastasis potential of NPC. Subject and Method: The expression of MMP \u2013 9 was studied by immunohistochemical analysis in 33 nasopharyngeal carcinoma sections and the associations of MMP-9 with lymph nodes metastasis and clinical features. Results: Positive immunostaining for MMP-9 was observed in 94.94% of the NPCs, 39.4% of the cases being extensively positive (+++). The expression of MMP-9 correlated significantly with cervical lymph nodes metastasis (p<0.05). 5/16 cases (31.25% of the cases) without cervical lymph nodes metastasis expressed MMP-9 with 2+ or 3+ level, non-significant of MMP-9 expression with T classification and clinical stage. Conclusions: The expression of MMP-9 often goes along with lymph nodes metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
MMP-9 ; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The ability of the total extract from Physalis angulata; three fractions after partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (TBE), and water; and four withanolides (compounds 1 – 4) to phosphorylate 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in HepG2 cells was evaluated. The TBE fraction (50 μg/mL) activated p-ACC and p-AMPK expression most strongly. Compounds 1 – 4 (10 μM) upregulated p-ACC expression at different levels. Compound 4 induced the most significant changes in p-AMPK expression, followed by 1 and 2. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) play a functional role in the transcriptional regulation of the lipogenic pathway, including fatty acid synthase (FAS) and ACC. The effects of compounds 2 and 4 (10 μM) on FAS and SREBP-1c expression under high glucose conditions (30 mM) in HepG2 cells were evaluated further. Both dose-dependently inhibited FAS and SREBP-1c expression as well as lipid accumulation (1 – 10 μM) were compared to high-concentration glucose control, which upregulated FAS and SREBP-1c. These results suggest that compounds 2 and 4 upregulate AMPK, suppress FAS and SREBP-1c, and have potential effects on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Endophytic fungi are promising sources for the production of podophyllotoxin-an important anticancer compound, replacing depleted medical plants. In this study, the endophytes associated with Dysosma difformis-an ethnomedicinal plant species were isolated to explore novel sources of podophyllotoxin. Fifty-three endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by morphological observation and ITS-based rDNA sequencing, assigning them to 27 genera in 3 divisions. Fusarium was found the most prevalent genus with a colonization frequency of 11.11%, followed by Trametes (9.26%) and Penicillium (7.41%). Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the endophytic fungi community in two collection sites, Ha Giang and Lai Chau, revealing the adaptation of the species to the specific tissues and habitats. Cytotoxic activity of endophytic fungal extracts was investigated on cancer cell lines such as SK-LU-1, HL-60, and HepG2, demonstrating strong anti-cancer activity of six isolates belonging to Penicillium, Trametes, Purpureocillium, Aspergillus, and Ganoderma with IC 50 value of lower than 10 10 µg/mL. The presence of podophyllotoxin was indicated in Penicillium, Trametes, Aspergillus and for the first time in Purpureocillium and Ganoderma via high-performance liquid chromatography, which implied them as a potential source of this anticancer compound.

The influences of temperature and nutritional conditions on the mycelium growth of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Pleurotus cystidiosus (PC) were investigated in laboratory experiment during the summer season of 2014. The results of the experiment indicated that potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yam dextrose agar (YDA) were the most suitable media for the mycelium growth of oyster mushroom PO while four media (PDA, YDA, sweet potato dextrose agar, and malt extract agar medium) were not significantly different in supporting mycelium growth of oyster mushroom PC. The optimal temperature for mycelium growth of both oyster mushroom species was obtained at 28degrees C. Mycelium growth of oyster mushroom PO was improved by carbon sources such as glucose, molasses, and at 1~5% sucrose concentration, mycelium colony diameter of mushroom PO was achieved the highest value. Whereas glucose, dextrose, and sucrose as carbon sources gave the good mycelium growth of oyster mushroom PC, and at 1~3% sucrose concentration, mycelium colony diameter of PC was achieved the maximum value. Ammonium chloride concentrations at 0.03~0.09% and 0.03~0.05% also gave the greatest values in mycelium colony diameter of mushroom PO and PC. Brown rice was found to be the most favourable for mycelium growth of two oyster mushroom species. In addition, sugarcane residue, acasia sawdust and corn cob were selected as favourable lignocellulosic substrate sources for mycelium growth of both oyster mushrooms.
Agar ; Agaricales ; Ammonium Chloride ; Carbon ; Dioscorea ; Glucose ; Ipomoea batatas ; Molasses ; Mycelium* ; Pleurotus* ; Saccharum ; Seasons ; Solanum tuberosum ; Sucrose ; Zea mays

The study was conducted to compare the effects of different agro-wastes on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Pleurotus cystidiosus (PC). Seven substrate formulas including sawdust (SD), corncob (CC), sugarcane bagasse (SB) alone and in combination of 80 : 20, 50 : 50 ratio between SD and CC, SD and SB were investigated. The results indicated that different substrate formulas gave a significant difference in total colonization period, characteristics of fruiting bodies, yield, biological efficiency (BE), nutritional composition and mineral contents of two oyster mushrooms PO and PC. The results showed that increasing CC and SB reduced C/N ratio, and enhanced some mineral contents (Ca, P, and Mg) of substrate formulas. The increased amount of CC and SB of substrate formulas enhanced protein, ash, mineral contents (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn) of fruiting bodies of both mushrooms. Substrates with 100% CC and 100% SB were the most suitable substrate formulas for cultivation of oyster mushrooms PO and PC in which they gave the highest values of cap diameter, stipe thickness, mushroom weight, yield, BE, protein, fiber, ash, mineral content (Ca, K, and Mg) and short stipe length. However, substrate formula 100% CC gave the slowest time for the first harvest of both mushrooms PO and PC (46.02 days and 64.24 days, respectively). It is also found that the C/N ratio of substrate formulas has close correlation with total colonization period, mushroom weight, yield, BE and protein content of mushroom PO and PC.
Agaricales ; Colon ; Fruit ; Ostreidae* ; Pleurotus* ; Saccharum