No abstract available.
Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Iron*

To identify the drug abuse status and its determinant factors in high school boys in Taegu, the study was performed from April to May, 1995. Study population were selected by cluster sampling method and total 5,665 students replied to the self-administered questionnaire survey(2,207 in academic high school, 3,458 in business high school). The major findings were as follows; The proportion of drinking, smoking experience was 55.0%, 45.8%, respectively, and the proportion of current drinker, current smoker was 27.2%, 27.5%. The drinking, smoking experience rate of second grade students was higher than first grade and it was higher in business high school boys. The proportion of a stimulant, a hallucinogen, hemp leaf cigarets experience was 3.2%, 1.6%, 0.1%, respectively. Drug abuse had significant association with home environment(lower economic status, frequent move, death of father or mother, apart from family), parents environment(parents' indifference, parents' drinking and smoking, etc.), school life(lower school grades, intimate friend's drug abuse, etc.), generous attitude to drug abuse, higher level of stress. Students who replied that the law prohibited immature person(students) from drinking and smoking showed lower drug abuse rate. In multiple logistic regression analysis, second grade students, business high school students, parents' indifference, lower school grades, intimate friend's drug abuse, no recognition of the fact that the law prohibits high school students from drinking and smoking, generous attitude to drug abuse, higher level of stress were significantly related with alcohol abuse and smoking. Other drugs abuse were related with above factors. On consideration of above findings, to prevent students from drug abuse, we have to try together in house, school, and society.
Alcoholism ; Cannabis ; Commerce ; Daegu* ; Drinking ; Fathers ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Logistic Models ; Male* ; Mothers ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Substance-Related Disorders*

Hemoptysis is a major reason for emergency department (ED) visits. Catamenial hemoptysis (CH), a rare condition of thoracic endometriosis, can cause recurrent hemoptysis but is difficult to diagnose in the ED due to the scarcity of cases and nonspecific clinical findings. We report a case of a 26-year-old woman who presented to the ED with recurrent hemoptysis since 2 years without a definite cause. Her vital signs and blood test findings were unremarkable. Chest computed tomography (CT) did not show any specific lesions other than a non-specific ground-glass opacity pattern in her right lung. She was on day 4 of her menstrual cycle and her hemoptysis frequently occurred during menstruation. Although there was no histological confirmation, based on her history of hemoptysis during menstruation and no other cause of the hemoptysis, the patient was tentatively diagnosed with CH and was administered gonadotropin-releasing hormone. She had no recurrence of hemoptysis for 3 months. While CH is difficult to diagnose in the ED, the patient’s recurrent hemoptysis related to menstruation was a clue to the presence of CH. Therefore, physicians should determine the relationship between hemoptysis and menstruation for women of childbearing age presenting with repeated hemoptysis without a definite cause.

The purpose of this study is to compare thiopental sodium and propofol as to the effects of anesthesia induction and hemodynamic changes associated with endotracheal intubation. Forty healthy adult patients, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly assigned to receive either thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg (Group 1, n =20) or propofol 2 mg/kg (Group 2, n=20) as an induction agent. Endotracheal intubation was performed following injection of succinylcholine 1 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.5~2% ethrane and 50% N2O in O2. The results were as follows, 1) Both thiopental sodium and propofol revealed high incidence of pain in the site of injection (13/20, 10/20, respectively). 2) The time from the start of injection to spontaneous closing of eyes and to loss of eyelid reflex were 42 and 43 sec in group 1 and 46 and 51 sec in group 2, respectively. 3) The loss of respiratory efforts. Occured in all cases and took 65 and 59 sec, in group 1 and 2 respectively. 4) The blood pressure was more decreased in group 2 than group 1 during induction period, but there was no significant difference between two groups. Also, there was no significant difference of the heart rate between two groups. 5) The increments of systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure-product to endotrachal intubation in group 2 were less than group 1 at time of immediate and 1 minute after intubation. Also, the increments of mean arterial pressure, disastolic blood presure and heart rate were lessen in group 2 than group 1. The retum of blood pressure, heart rate and RPP to the control was fasten in group 2 than group l. In conclusion, propofol may be an alternative to thiopental sodium in patients who require endotracheal intubation without hemodynamic instability.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Enflurane ; Eyelids ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Propofol* ; Reflex ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental*

BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) can cause serious adverse effects. To reduce the occurrence of CIN related computed tomography (CT) in emergency patients, we assessed the respective roles of serum creatinine (SCr) alone and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as an early predictor for CIN related CT. METHODS: For patients with SCr <1.5 mg/dL who underwent CT in emergency department (ED) between September 2012 and October 2013, we assessed the prevalence of CIN and its adverse effects. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula was used for the calculation of eGFR. Practical calculation was performed by electronic medical record (EMR) system for MDRD and internet calculating service for CG. And we investigated the prevalence of CIN in eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 before CT. RESULTS: A total of 1,555 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of CIN after CT was 4.6% and it showed correlation with renal deterioration, increased in-hospital mortality, and prolonged hospitalization. Despite baseline SCr <1.5 mg/dL, among enrolled patients, 11.3% as MDRD equation and 29.5% as CG formula were <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and in this condition, the prevalence of CIN was significantly high (odds ratio was 2.87 [1.64-5.02] as MDRD equation and 2.03 [1.26-3.29] as CG formula). CONCLUSION: Just SCr <1.5mg/dL was not appropriate to recognize preexisting renal insufficiency, but eGFR using MDRD equation was useful in predicting the risk of CIN related CT in ED. Using EMR, calculation of eGFR can be easier and more convenient.
Creatinine* ; Diet ; Electronic Health Records ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hospital Mortality ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Internet ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency

No abstract available.
Humans ; Risk Factors*

Hemimegalencephaly is a rare congenital malformation of the cortical development arising from abnormal proliferation of anomalous neuronal and glial cells. The characteristic clinical manifestations are macrocephaly, psycomotor retardation, intractable seizure and hemihypertrophy of face, body and extremities, but musculoskeletal deformities are reported only in case of epidermal nevus syndrome. We report a case of hemimegalencephaly that was associated with foot deformity, without symptoms and signs of epidermal nevus syndrome.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Extremities ; Foot Deformities ; Foot Deformities, Congenital ; Macrocephaly ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Nevus ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Hypercholesterolemia* ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Risk Factors*

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are commonly derived from trauma or injury of respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts, but occasionally the origin of air was not determined at evaluation. We report on a case of severe subcutaneous emphysema detected using simple X-ray films in the emergency department, which extended to almost all of the bodies, with a review of the literature.
Edema* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Subcutaneous Emphysema* ; X-Ray Film

Angioedema is a well-demarcated localized edema involving the deeper layers of the skin, including the subcutaneous tissue. Angioedema occurs with Cl esterase inhibitor (Cl INH) deficiency that may be inborn as an autosomal dominant characteristic or may be acquired. Acquired angioedema (AAE) is a rare disorder characterized by adult onset and lack of evidence of inheritance of the disease. Two types of AAE are known today: type I in which there are lowering of functional Cl INH, an underlying disease such as a B-cell disease, and no detectable autoantibodies to Cl INH, type II with anti Cl INH autoantibodies in the circulation without detectable underlying disease and with depressed functional Cl INH levels. We experienced a case of angioedema in a 29-year old man. He had no family history of angioedema and laboratory data showed depressed Cl-INH levels. We diagnosed the case as acquired type of angioedema. Even though we could not measure anti-Cl INH auto-antibodies, we identified the case as type II because there was no evidence of underlying disease.
Adult ; Angioedema* ; Angioedemas, Hereditary* ; Autoantibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein* ; Complement C1s* ; Edema ; Humans ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Wills