No abstract available.
Bone Marrow ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Burkitt lymphoma is a type of B-cell lymphoma that occurs mostly in children, and rarely in adults. The sporadic type is known to occur mostly at the ileum and cecum. Cytarabine, which is used for central nervous system prophylaxis during chemotherapy for Burkitt lymphoma, has known neurotoxicity, and its side effects include motor ataxia due to cerebellar injury, ataxic dysarthria, dysfunction of ocular movement, confusion, somnolence and lethargy. This case report is about a patient diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma who manifested motor ataxia after chemotherapy that included cytarabine.
Adult ; Ataxia ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; Cecum ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Cytarabine ; Dysarthria ; Humans ; Ileum ; Lethargy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Rectum

OBJECTIVE: To investigate motor and cognitive developmental profiles and to evaluate the correlation between two developmental areas and assess the influencing factors of the developmental process in children with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: Seventy-eight children with DS participated in this study. The medical history was taken and motoric milestone achievements recorded. The Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (K-WPPSI) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) were administered. Subjects were divided into severe motor delay group (severe group) and typical motor delay group (typical group). RESULTS: Children with DS follow the same sequence of motor development and generally displayed double times of acquisition of developmental milestones compared with healthy children. Furthermore, having surgery for associated complications showed negative influence to the motor development. Almost of all children with DS showed moderate degree of intellectual disability and motor and cognitive development do not seem to correlate one another. CONCLUSION: Surgery of associated complications can be negatively related to motor development. However, early motor development did not have any significant effects on the achievement of later cognitive functioning.
Child* ; Cognition ; Down Syndrome* ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Intelligence ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: To find evidence of autonomic imbalance and present the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters that reflect the severity of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) in children with acquired brain injury (ABI). METHODS: Thirteen children with ABI were enrolled and age- and sex-matched children with cerebral palsy were selected as the control group (n=13). The following HRV parameters were calculated: time-domain indices including the mean heart rate, standard deviation of all average R-R intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), physical stress index (PSI), approximate entropy (ApEn); successive R-R interval difference (SRD), and frequency domain indices including total power (TP), high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), normalized HF, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the ABI and control groups in the mean heart rate, RMSSD, PSI and all indices of the frequency domain analysis. The mean heart rate, PSI, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio increased in the ABI group. The presence of PSH symptoms in the ABI group demonstrated a statistically significant decline of the SDNN, TP, ln TP. CONCLUSION: The differences in the HRV parameters and presence of PSH symptoms are noted among ABI children compared to an age- and sex-matched control group with cerebral palsy. Within the ABI group, the presence of PSH symptoms influenced the parameters of HRV such as SDNN, TP and ln TP.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Brain Injuries* ; Brain* ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child* ; Entropy ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Trisomy 1 is a rare chromosomal anomaly and has never been reported in Korea. Clinical features of trisomy 1 include macrocephaly, prominent forehead, flat nasal bridge, low set ears, and micrognathia, all of which result in a very distinguishable facial structure. A child with trisomy 1 also suffers from mental retardation and/or developmental delays. In this case report, the child was diagnosed with de novo trisomy 1 without receiving any treatment until visiting our hospital. The child suffered from foot and ankle deformities, leading her unable to stand independently. Here we report the surgical treatment and rehabilitation treatment that enabled the child to walk independently.
Ankle ; Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Foot ; Forehead ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Megalencephaly ; Micrognathism ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Rehabilitation* ; Trisomy

OBJECTIVE: To analyze speech and linguistic features in children with articulation disorder characterized by consonant and vowel phonological errors. METHODS: Between February 2007 and June 2015, 117 children who showed articulation disorder were selected for the study. Based on comprehensive speech and language assessments, the subjects were classified into articulation dysfunction (AD), or AD overlapping with language delay. Detailed information of articulation, including percentage of consonants correct (PCC) and normal percentage of variable consonants derived from the Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children test, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Totally, 55 children were diagnosed as AD and 62 as AD with language delay. Mean PCC was not significantly different between the two groups. In both groups, the acquisition order of consonants followed the universal developmental sequence. However, differences were observed in the nasal & plosive consonants abnormality between the two groups. When adjusted to their delayed language level in AD with language delay group, 53% of children had appropriate articulation function for their expressive language level. CONCLUSION: Speech and linguistic characteristics in children with articulation disorder were variable. Therefore, comprehensive assessment is required in children with inaccurate pronunciation, and a proper treatment plan based on the results of assessment should be followed.
Articulation Disorders* ; Child* ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; Linguistics*

PURPOSE: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes serious disability. Prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) are known to be the strongest risk factors of CP. While socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to influence the occurrence of CP, prematurity, and LBW, no studies have investigated this effect in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of CP, prematurity, and LBW in Korea, as well as the effect of SES thereon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Health Information Database from 2007 to 2013; persons with a history of CP, prematurity, and LBW were investigated by year. SES was defined in accordance with income quintiles, birth regions, and coverage classification. RESULTS: The incidence of CP decreased over the last five years, despite increased rates of prematurity and LBW. CP incidence was significantly lower in affluent groups than in the most deprived group, although this difference disappeared after controlling for confounders. The incidence of CP was significantly higher in medical aid beneficiaries, even after controlling for confounders. CONCLUSION: CP incidence in Korea has decreased over the last five years, despite an increase in high-risk deliveries. Income level had no effect in CP incidence. These results may aid CP management and prevention policies.
Cerebral Palsy* ; Classification ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea* ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders ; Parturition ; Premature Birth ; Risk Factors ; Social Class* ; Socioeconomic Factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the disability registration state of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Korea. METHODS: Based on the National Health Information Database, the disability registration state was examined for brain lesion disability and other possible complicated disabilities accompanying brain disorder in children diagnosed with CP aged up to 5 years old who were born between 2002 and 2008. RESULTS: Of children diagnosed with CP, 73.1% were registered as having brain lesion disability for the first time before they turned 2 years old. The younger the children, the more likely they will have 1st and 2nd degree disability. However, when the age of children is increased, such likelihood is decreased. The percentage of children registered as having overlapping disabilities was 7%–20%. CONCLUSION: It is important to establish a more accurate standard to rate disability and provide national support systems for children with CP with various severities and multiple disabilities. By reorganizing the current disability registration system for pediatric brain lesions, the system could serve as a classification standard to provide medical and social welfare services.
Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Classification ; Disabled Children ; Humans ; Korea* ; Registries ; Social Welfare

OBJECTIVE: To investigate rehabilitation treatment cost of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) according to age. METHODS: We analyzed the cost of rehabilitation treatment from 2007 to 2013 for patients diagnosed with CP by sourcing data from the National Health Information Database. RESULTS: While the number of recently born children requiring rehabilitation treatment has decreased, the number of patients requiring this treatment in other age groups has gradually increased. In addition, annual physical therapy, occupational therapy, hydrotherapy, and botulinum toxin injection treatment costs per person have increased. On the other hand, the number of orthopedic surgeries and selective dorsal rhizotomy performed has decreased. CONCLUSION: This study investigated trends in the cost of treatment for patients with CP. This study can be used as a basis to provide treatment support for patients with CP.
Botulinum Toxins ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child ; Hand ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Hydrotherapy ; Korea* ; Occupational Therapy ; Orthopedics ; Rehabilitation* ; Rhizotomy

No abstract available.
Cannibalism ; Urinary Bladder