OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of different administration time of ibuprofen on the changing characteristics of circadian rhythm about body temperature and plasma concentration in rats.METHODS:60 rats were given single oral administration of ibuprofen at the dose of 50 mg per kilogram at different time(2∶00,6∶00,10∶00,14∶00,18∶00,22∶00) according to a randomized block design with another 10 rats serving as blank control.The effects of ibuprofen on circadian rhythm variations of body temperature and plasma concentration in rats were observed and analyzed using chronogram and cosine method.RESULTS:The body temperature of rats prior to and after administration both showed a significant circadian rhythm,with mean declined only,yet acrophase and amplitude showed no significant differences.The best cosinor curve equation were Yt i=38.7+0.52 Cos(15??ti—86.80?) and Yt i=37.8+0.55 Cos(15??ti—117?) respectively.The plasma concentration also showed a significant circadian change in rats at the different time points of administration.The plasma concentration in light phase was higher than that in dark phase,and the best cosinor curve equation was Yt i=41.95+5.30 Cos(15??ti—272.83?).CONCLUSION:The differences of circadian rhythm were both shown about body temperature and plasma concentration in rats when ibuprofen was orally administered at the different time points.

OBJECTIVE:To study the cost-effectiveness of four kinds of calcium drugs in treating senile osteoporosis.METHODS:228cases of senile osteoporosis were collected and divided into four groups,which were Calcichew D 3 (A),Osteo?form(B),Calcium Citrate Tablets+Vitamin AD(C),Shengu Capsules+Vitamin AD(D).Data was evaluated using the phar?macoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS:The costs of four groups were938.05、1346.85、1946.35and1690.85yuan respectively.The effective rates of four groups were95.6%、80.0%、68.0%and72.0%respectively.Compared with scheme A,scheme B、C、D drug price need to be decreased by41.5%、65.6%、58.1%respectively so that their cost-effec?tiveness ratios can be better than scheme A.CONCLUSION:Among the four schemes,A is the best one.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of3Chinese and western medicines in treating senile func?tional constipation.METHODS:186patients with senile functional constipation were randomly assigned to receive Forlax powder preparation for infusion,Liuweianxiao capsule and Buzhongyiqitang respectively,the therapeutic efficacies of the3groups were observed and the cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted12weeks after treatment.RESULTS:The cure rates for the3groups were77.6%,83.3%and85.5%,respectively;the costs for the3groups were963.52yuan,877.00yuan and850.12yuan,respectively;the ratio of cost to effectiveness were1241,1052and975,respectively;the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Group A and B were1435and1221as compared with Group C.CONCLUSION:Liuweianxiao capsule(Group B)was the preferred option for the treatment of senile functional constipation.

OBJECTIVE:To design intermittent intravenous drip dose regimen of antibiotics. METHODS: The pharmacokinetic data were computed using the multidoses function method taking cefazolin,ceftriaxone and amikacin as examples. Then computation program was programmed using Excel software based on pharmacokinetic parameters combined with pharmacodynamic parameters to design rational dosage regimen. RESULTS: The bactericidal effect of time-dependent antibiotics was chiefly dependent on the time during which the drug blood concentration was higher than minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC).For those antibacterials with short elimination half life(t1/2)in plasma,the best regimen was to give patients the med-icine in a small average divided dose or continuous medication. For those with(t1/2) greater than 12～24 h,single dose admin-istration was advisable. For concentration-dependent antibiotics,the best PK/PD parameters for optimal clinical antibiotic effect were Cmax/ MIC,and which should be administered in single time (daily dose). CONCLUSION: PK/PD parameters -based intermittent intravenous drip dosage regimen of antibiotics designed by means of Excel function is simple,reliable and intuitionistic.

0.05), and the treatment costs of the two groups were 30 235.20 yuan and 36 950.40 yuan, respectively (P

Obesity is connected with numerous diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and nervous system dysfunctions. Obesity is affected by genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. However, numerous studies indicate that several pathogens might cause obesity. This review discusses recent data and the characteristics of pathogens that are implicated in obesity. In particular, human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) is the most clearly implicated virus in human obesity. It was recently shown that obese groups from the USA, Korea, and Italy have a higher prevalence of serum antibodies against Ad36. The mechanisms of Ad36-induced obesity remain unclear. However, glucose uptake and inflammation are possible mechanisms of Ad36-induced obesity. Overall, this new understanding of causes of obesity has developed into the concept of 'infectobesity' and the possibility of developing a 'vaccine' or 'therapeutic agents' for obesity.
Adenoviruses, Human ; Antibodies ; Atherosclerosis ; Glucose ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Italy ; Korea ; Nervous System ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Viruses

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between yoga and autonomic nervous system in women with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A randomized controlled study was performed in participants recruited from a public center for managing chronic diseases located in Gyeong-gi Province. The 39 women participants diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to the 12-week yoga exercise group (n=22) or the wait-listed control group (n=17). Biochemical laboratory tests and heart rate variability were measured before and after the 12-week program. RESULTS: In post-menopausal women, the low frequency power of frequency domain significantly decreased in the yoga exercise group compared to the control group (P=0.07). On the time domain of heart rate variability and metabolic syndrome components, there were no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Sympathetic activity was decreased in post-menopausal women with metabolic syndrome who practiced yoga. Our results suggest that yoga might be beneficial in improving the autonomic nervous system in post-menopausal women with metabolic syndrome.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Yoga*

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among leadership style of nurse managers, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. METHOD: The subjects were 468 nurses and 19 head nurses who were working at the 3 general hospitals in seoul. The data were collected from July 6 to September 14, 2001 by the structured questionnaires. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS package were used. RESULT: 1) The score of the nurse managers' transformational leadership perceived by surbodinates' were higher than that of the nurse managers' transactional leadership. Among 5 subdimensions of the leadership styles perceived by surbodinates', the scores of 'charisma' and 'intellectual stimulation' were highest and 'management by exception' were lowest. 2) 'Charisma', 'intellectual stimulation', 'individual consideration' and 'contingent reward' were positively related to all of variables except 'turnover intention'. 'Management by exception' was negatively related to all of variables and was positively related to 'turnover intention'. 3) 'Job satisfaction' was positively related to 'organizational commitment' and 'Job satisfaction', 'organizational commitment' were negatively related to 'turnover intention'. 4) As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the key determinants of 'turnover intention' were 'organizational commitment' and this explained 44.4% of the total variance of it.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Leadership* ; Nurse Administrators* ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Myotonic Dystrophy* ; Pregnancy