The PCR technique was used to identify ADN of M. Tuberculosis on cerebrospinal fluid samples in 44 tuberculous meningitis of children. The control group consists of other 21 meningitis (non Tuberculosis). The result showed that the PCR technique in finding M. Tuberculosis with the sensitivity is 68.2%, the negative predict value is 60%, the specificity and the positive predict value are all 100% respectively. The PCR result depended on patients who had been treated with tuberculosis drugs and had combined tuberculous injuries in the past. The PCR technique gives better results than other traditional M. Tuberculosis finding methods and even better than the ELISA technique
Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

Over 3 years, the number of pharmaceutical drugs suspended from distribution system by the Drug Administration of Vietnam is 142 drugs in 1997, 103 drugs in 1998, and 11 pharmaceuticals in 1999. Analyzing the list of these pharmaceuticals reveals that:* About 70% drugs suspended from existing distribution system have a long remained time in expiry date, meaning that these products could not meet technical specifications after manufacturing date. More than 75% suspended pharmaceuticals do not meet quality standards, especially those related to quantitative assay. Therefore, the instability of quality remains the major reason for pharmaceutical drug suspension. *Vitamin and traditional drugs are of the two pharmaceutical groups, which have low stability of quality. In 1999, most of drugs contained Vitamin B12 were under rank of the technical specification. Traditional medicines were suspended for not reaching standards on microbiology, on taking a look of outward appearance, and for containing chemicals that do not register in the formulation. There should have some recommendations for manufactures and managers to improve quality of pharmaceuticals distributed in the market
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Drug Stability

The research was done to monitor the stability of quality, which are currently distributed in the market. The sample size is of 136 drugs with expiry date, which are selected from retail pharmacies in Hanoi. These 136 drugs represent both domestic-made and imported products, different kinds of pharmaceutics and various groups of pharmacology. Results show that 11.0% of 136 studied pharmaceuticals do not meet the technical specifications. Among this, 7.4% fail to meet standards on quantitative assay. The rate of domestic made pharmaceuticals under its quantitative assay is twice higher than imported ones. Vitamin and traditional products are of the two drug groups having low stability. Almost drugs currently sold in the market have long expiry. However, there remains a considerable ratio of pharmaceuticals drugs under the quality standards.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Drug Stability ; Marketing

Outline on the antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated during 1989-1995 in Viet Nam based on the data of antimicrobial susceptibility tests of NIHE and ASTS project. Comparing to the data from countries in South East Asis/India we found that: Str.pneumoniae is still susceptible to benzylpenicillin. B-lactams, macrolides, chloramphenicol. In many countries the reported incidence of drug-resistant Str.Pneumoniae has increased in the last year. The frequency and patterns of resistance vary in different geographic regions, countries and over different periods.
Drug Resistance ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Green tea infusion is one of the most popular drinks in many countries, especially in ASIA countries such as Japan, China and Vietnam. Green tea has been mounting regarding the anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant.
polyphenols ; green tea extract AR25 ; Plants, Medicinal

The diabetic patients are usually suffered from oxidation stress. Green tea is one of the good herbal medicines has been used for treatment of some diseases. Objectives: Evaluate change of antioxidant status in blood and effect of the green tea polyphenol on this change in the experimental diabetic rats. Methods: Using in vivo model to investigate some biological indicators in STZ - induced diabetic rats fed with high fat diet and to evaluate effect of the green tea polyphenol on the changes of these indicators. Results: Erythrocyte GPx activity and serum MDA concentration in STZ - induced diabetic rats was higher than that of normal and lipid metabolism disorder groups (p < 0.001) and effected of the green tea polyphenol. However, no change in erythrocyte SOD activity and plasma TAS level was observed. Conclusions: Green tea polyphenol improved blood antioxidant status in STZ - induced diabetic rats.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Tea ; Camellia sinensis ; Blood ; Oxidants

By the technique of indirect immunofluoresceine using 18 diverse markers, in the hospital K- Ha Noi, study was performed to determine the capacity of foreign antigene expression of tumor cells in the cell surface making them identified by immunology system through HLA system on NPC < 75 years old age patients. This system played an essential role in the regulation and realization of immune response.
Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Nasopharyngeal Diseases ; Diagnosis

Our descriptive-analytic observation study about clinical manifestations of SARS was performed on total 34 patients admitted to National Institute for Research on Tropical Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam. There were one patient with COPD and another patient with hypertensive heart failure. The mean age is 37.4 14.4 (18-76), males (13/34 (38.2%) and females 21/34 (61.8%). The mean incubation time is 8.73.6 (2-16) days. The common signs and symptoms are fever (100%), fatigue (94%), dry cough (67.6%, myalgia (55.9%), abnormal lung sounds (52.9%), headache (50%), chest pain (50%). There were 13/34 patients with diarrhea (38.2%), 8/34 with conjunctival and integumental congestion (23.5%), 5/34 with coryza (11.8%) and 2/34 with productive cough (5.9%), 11 severe patients had marked findings of respiratory failure with tachypnea, SpO2< 85% and abundant abnormal lung sounds, including 4 patients required BiPAP ventilation support. The mean age of these severe patients (48.714.7) is significantly higher than of remaining patients (32.011.0) with p value=0.0008. All patients have survived and have no fever after 10.5 days on average. In conclusion: the clinical manifestations of SARS patients in our study are not specific as fever caused by other common virus except findings of respiratory failure and the diagnosis should base on epidemiologic factors and chest X-ray imaging. The old age and reparatory failure degree may be factors associated with progressive disease.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; Diagnosis

93 cases of hyperuremia were treated by the “Thong Phong hoan”, a traditional formula at the Military Institute of Traditional Medicine. Among them, patients with hyperuremia and gout were 40-60 year old, occupied a part of 70%, 94.6% in male and 5.4% in female. 76.4% of cases had got 1-5 year duration of the disease, 12.9% > 5 years old and 2.1% > 10 years old. Consuming much of alcohol, meat and abusing tobaco were the common habits of studied male patients. After 30 days of treatment, the preparation exerted the effect of dramatical decrease of uremia, with good results 76.3%, medium 18.3%, bad 5.4%.
Medicine, Traditional ; Uremia

In this study, 48 long-term exposed people with polychemicals (the male/female ratio is 1/3, the age from 23 to 44): such as organic and iso-organic acids: benzene, toluene and their coequals were investigated. 17 normal people not exposed with polychemicals as the control group. Results were shown following: quantity of erythrocyte was lower than control group but not significantly. Leucocytes especially neutrophils reduced significantly (p<0.001). 15/48 cases (30%) appereared lymphoblast. There is no difference in platelet between studied group and control group
Chemistry ; Diagnosis ; Erythrocytes ; Blood Platelets