BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Perfluorocarbon exposed sonicated dextrose albumin (PESDA) microbubbles has been suggested to facilitate thrombus disruption under the transcutaneous ultrasound (US). Thus, we investigated whether such a noninvasive approach could augment thrombolytic effect of fibrinolytic agent in an experimental thrombotic model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thrombus formation was induced with electrical injury in the rabbit iliofemoral arteries (n=20): Thrombus occlusion was documented by angiography in all arteries. In the control group, only tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA, 3 mg/kg) was administered intrav-enously in five rabbits. In the Group 1 (n=9), injured arteries were exposed to transcutaneous US (20 kHz, 30 W/cm2, continuous mode) with t-PA (3 mg/kg). In the Group 2 (n=6), the same treatment was given while administering PESDA continuously (10 ml/min, intravenous). Angiographic results were evaluated at 10 minute interval for 1 hour respectively. RESULTS: In the control group, two of five iliofemoral arteries (40.0%) were recanalized and one of nine iliofemoral arteries (11.1%) was recanalized in Group 1. In contrast, four of six iliofemoral arteries (66.7%) were recanalized angiographically in Group 2 (p=0.392 vs. control group: p=0.047 vs. Group 1). However, late reocclusion occurred in all iliofemoral arteries of Group 2. CONCLUSION: Although PESDA with transcutaneous US significantly enhanced initial angiographic patency rate of t-PA, it was associated with high rate of reocclusion. Further studies will be necessary for clinical application of this noninvasive method in acute arterial occlusion.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Glucose* ; Microbubbles ; Rabbits ; Thrombolytic Therapy* ; Thrombosis ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by infantile hypotonia, mental retardation, hyperhagia, hypogonadism and obesity. Approximately 60% of all PLW syndrome show an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15, 37% have apparently normal chromosome, and 3.6% have a variety of other abnormalities involving chromosome 15. Diabetes mellitus has been considered a component of PLW syndrome and the incidence is about 7%. We experienced a 17-year-old female who revealed mental retardation, hypogonadism, obesity, and non-insulin dependent type DM, compatible with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Adolescent ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Prader-Willi Syndrome*

Ganglia are ubiquitous but periosteal ganglion is rare. This case is presented showing an unusual radiological picture. The radiological picture with honey combed appearance is striking. Previaus reports have stressed the concavity in the cortex. Histologically the structure is identical to that of soft tissue ganglia.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts ; Honey ; Strikes, Employee

Fracture of the scaphoid constitute 60% to 70% of all diagnosed carpal injury. The acute fracture will heal approximately 90% of the time if recognized early and properly immobilized. But nonunion are common since the symtoms do not alert patients to seek early medical treatment and the diagnosis is easily missed. Authors have experienced 19 cases of scaphoid nonunion and accomplished good result in all case by Russe procedure. The results were summerized as follow: 1 The cause of fratures was mainly due to fall down dinjury (36.8%). 2. The most common mechanism of the fracture was fall on the outstretched hand (52.7%). 3. Fractures were shown on the anterior-posterior, lateral and billiards view in all cases. 4. In ten cases, the fractures were found on the waist of scaphoid. 5. The cases of nonunion were probably inadequate intial treatment and delayed diagnosis. 6. The good results were obtained by bone graft according to Russe procedure.
Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Transplants

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is currently implicated as the most common and otentially serious viral respiratory pathogen of young infants. Apnea in association with RSV infection occurred in about 18% of the infants. Premature birth and a young postnatal age were risk factors for development of apnea with RSV disease. We experienced a case of RSV infection in a 37 day-old premature girl. The presenting complaint was apnea, with respiratory signs and symptoms developing later. She required mechanical ventilation.
Apnea* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Premature Birth ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Spine* ; Titanium*

BACKGROUND: In general, the outcomes of arthroscopic repair for superior labrum anterior to posterior lesions (SLAP) are favorable, however, persistent pain and limitation of motion are not rare complications. One of the possible cause is a “knot-ache”. This study evaluated the results of reoperation of symptomatic recurrent SLAP lesions and asked whether the knot is associated with postoperative complications. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2015, a total of 11 patients who had undergone arthroscopic SLAP repair were reoperated for recurrent symptomatic SLAP lesion. By retrospective chart review, operative findings, the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS), the range of motion (ROM), and functional scores were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 38.3 years, and the mean follow-up period was 42.5 months. In the primary operation, there were nine cases of repairs with conventional knot-tying anchors and three cases with knotless anchors. Impingement of the knots during abduction and external rotation of the shoulder was observed in the all cases with knot-tying anchors. The mean pVAS, ROM, and functional scores significantly improved with reoperation. At the final follow-up, the mean satisfaction VAS was 8.3. CONCLUSIONS: The knots of suture anchor maybe a possible etiology of the pain, which we termed a “knot-ache”. Considering that reoperation is performed due to pain after primary repair, the use of knotless suture anchor may have benefits of eliminating one of possible cause, “knot-ache”. Therefore, authors suggest the use of knotless anchors during reoperation for recurrent or recalcitrant pain after primary SLAP repair.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of tear osmolarity and protein after silicone punctal plug insertion in dry eye. METHODS: We collected tear from 21 dry eyes (11 males and 10 females) with porous polyester rod(Transorb(R)) before silicone punctal occlusion and 2 weeks after the procedure. Tear osmolarity was measured by Fiske 2400 Osmometer(R). Total tear protein concentration was analyzed by Bradford's assay. The concentration of human serum albumin (HSA), lactoferrin, lysozyme were measured by Bio-Rad Gel Doc 2000(R). RESULTS: The tear osmolarity was changed from 364.48+/41.39 mOsm/L to 327.48+/-27.24 mOsm/L after the punctal occlusion (P<0.05). There were no changes of total protein concentration, Human serum albumin, lactoferrin, but lysozyme was increased statistically significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Silicone punctal occulusion decreases tear osmolarity in dry eye. This decrease is associated with a decrease in ocular surface disease due to high tear osmolarity. Only lysozyme except HSA and lactoferrin was increased significantly. Silicone punctal plug is an effective procedure for dry eye patients, but further investigation of the effects on tear proteins is needed.
Humans ; Lactoferrin ; Male ; Muramidase ; Osmolar Concentration* ; Polyesters ; Serum Albumin ; Silicones*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a quality of life scale for children on chronic peritoneal dialysis(QOL-CPD). METHODS: Thirty children on chronic PD at Seoul National University Children's Hospital participated. A healthy control group included 47 elementary school children. Other patients groups are 32 children from the department of pediatric orthopedics and 28 children from the department of child psychiatry. The age range of all children was 7 to 16 years. Preliminary items of the QOL-CPD were developed and administered along with the Korean version of the Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) to all children. RESULTS: The final QOL-CPD was constructed by excluding those items with a factor loading of less than .20, and the principal axis factor analysis was performed again. The QOL-CPD demonstrated a good internal consistency with a value of .87. The dialysis and child-psychiatric groups showed significantly lower QOL scores compared to the healthy control group. In addition, the dialysis and child-psychiatric groups showed greater difficulties on physical and academic functions. For the CDI, the PD group showed a mild level of depression. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate the clinical utility of a newly developed self-report QOL scale specific for children on chronic PD.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child ; Child Psychiatry ; Depression ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Quality of Life