PURPOSE: To compare chest radiographic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in non-AIDS immunocom- promised adult patients with those in immunocompetent patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eighty six patients who had pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. Of these, 41 were non-AIDS immunocompromised adult patients and 45 were immunocompetent adult patients. Chest radiographs obtained from 86 patients were retrospectively evaluated with regard to the followings ;the anatomic distribution and extent of tuberculous lesions, typical or atypical patterns of radiographic findings. We then compared the results in non-AIDS immunocompromised adult patients with those in immunocompetent adult patients. RESULTS: The characteristic manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis was a tendency of pulmonary lesions to localize in the apico-posterior segments of the upper lobe and the superior segment of the lower lobe in both groups but more wide distribution such as the anterior segment and the lingular segment of the upper lobe and the basal segments of the lower lobe was frequently identified in non-AIDS immunocompromised adult patients, and also bilateral, multisegmental and multilobular extents were common findings. in immunocompetent adult patients, more common findings were in local exudative and productive lesions and several cavities in preferential sites. Atypical plain radiographic findings were more common in non-AIDS immunocompromised adult patients, and which were multiple cavitary lesions, wide extent of bronchogenic spread and tuberculous pneumonia, and .miliary disseminations and mass like lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary tuberculosis in non-AIDS immunocompromised adult patients is characterized by frequent bilateral distribution, wide pulmonary extent, and atypical radiographic findings.
Adult* ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

PURPOSE: To compare, with the use of chest radiographic findings, improvement and complications in newborns treated with exogenous surfactant for hyaline membrane disease(HMD), and an untreated control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with HMD were randomly assigned to a control group (n=18) or surfactant treated group (n=18). As part of an initial evaluation of their pulmonary status, we then performed a retrospective statistical analysis of chest radiographic findings obtained in exogenous surfactant treated and untreated infants within the first 90 minutes of life. Subsequent examinations were performed at less than 24 hours of age. RESULTS: Chest radiograph before treatment showed no significant differences between the two groups, but significant improvement was noted in the surfactant treated group, in contrast to the control group. The most common chest radiographic finding after surfactant administration was uniform (n=15) or disproportionate (n=2) improvement of pulmonary aeration. Patent ductus arteriosus developed in three treated neonates and in four cases in the control group. Air leak occurred in three cases in the treated group and in five cases in the control group. In one treated patient pulmonary hemorrhage developed and intracranial hemorrhage occurred in three treated neonates and in four cases in the control group. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was developed in 6 cases of treated group and 3 cases of control group. CONCLUSION: A chest radiograph is considered to be helpful in the evaluation of improvement and complications of HMD in infants treated with surfactant.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyalin* ; Hyaline Membrane Disease* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Membranes ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is a common occurrence, and requires performance of appropriate triage to determine the priority for patient treatments. Undertriage, defined as inappropriate assignment of a low level of severity during triage, delays the initiation of treatment and may lead to deterioration of severely ill or injured patients. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of undertriage patients and their risk exposure to a worsening prognosis. METHODS: Subjects were ED patients admitted to a university affiliated hospital from Jan 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2010, and they were triaged according to the modified Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale. Patients who were initially categorized as non-emergency cases (scale 4 or 5) but later recategorized as emergency cases (scale 1 or 2) were defined as the undertriage group. Triage patients who did not receive a change of severity categorization were assigned to a low-acuity group for non-emergency cases, and a high-acuity group for emergency cases. The clinical characteristics and worsening prognosis of the undertriage group were compared with low- and high-acuity groups. Worsening prognosis included cardiac arrest and the admission to the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Patients in the undertriage group were 0.9% of the total study participants. The undertriage group predominantly included elderly males with head and neck injuries, or hemato-oncology diseases. Worsening prognosis was less likely in the undertriage group than in the high-acuity group, and more likely than in the low-acuity group. CONCLUSION: Undertriage was not common. However, worsening prognosis was very high in the undertriage group as compared to the low-acuity group. Prudential concern is required to avoid undertriage with the elderly, and patients with head and neck injuries, or hemato-oncology diseases.
Aged ; Emergencies ; Head ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Male ; Neck Injuries ; Prognosis ; Triage

PURPOSE: Group B streptococcal (GBS) meningitis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. There are limited current data regarding outcomes from GBS meningitis and factors that predict an adverse outcome. METHODS: Twenty-three cases of GBS meningitis that were proven by cerebrospinal fluid culture from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All GBS meningitis cases occurred in young infants less than 3 months and were late-onset (> or =7 days). Four infants (17.4%) died, and three (13.0%) were neurologically impaired at hospital discharge. Compared to the 16 infants with normal neurologic examinations, the 7 infants who died or had adverse outcomes at hospital discharge were more likely to present with seizures within hours of admission, have coma, require pressor support or ventilator support, have an initial peripheral blood leukocyte count less than 4,000/mm3 or neutrophil count less than 1,000/mm3, and have ampicillin resistance on culture. CONCLUSION: Despite advances in intensive care, 30.4% of infants with GBS meningitis die or have neurologic impairment at hospital discharge. Poor outcome can be predicted in cases that have seizures, coma, peripheral leukopenia, or require ventilator or pressor support on initial presentation. These cases show a tendency toward resistance to ampicillin, so vancomycin can be tried initially.
Ampicillin ; Ampicillin Resistance ; Coma ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Critical Care ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukopenia ; Meningitis ; Neurologic Examination ; Neutrophils ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Vancomycin ; Ventilators, Mechanical

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widespread arbovirus in the world. It can cause serious or fatal central nervous system (CNS) infection. We present a case of 58-year-old man who developed neuropsychologic and psychiatric impairment such as cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, health concerns and thought disorder after West Nile virus encephalitis. This is the first imported case of West Nile virus infection in Korean.
Arboviruses ; Central Nervous System ; Depression ; Encephalitis* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; West Nile virus*

PURPOSE: To analyze the optical coherence tomographic patterns and clinical courses of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) after treatment. METHODS: The charts of 65 patients with DME were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline optical coherence tomographic patterns of DME were categorized into the 4 groups: group 1 (9 eyes, 13.8%) showed diffuse retinal thickening, group 2 (21 eyes, 32.3%) had cystoid macular edema (CME), group 3 (13 eyes, 20.0%) demonstrated serous retinal detachment (SRD) and group 4 (22 eyes, 33.9%) had combined CME and SRD. Treatments for DME included intravitreal bevacizumab/triamcinolone injection, focal laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy. During 12 months of follow-up, changes in the patterns of DME were assessed. Additionally, the central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: During 12 months of follow-up, 21 eyes (32.3%) showed changes in the DME pattern: 2 eyes (22.2%) in group 1, 3 (14.3%) in group 2, 4 (30.8%) in group 3 and 12 (54.5%) in group 4. A significantly greater proportion of eyes with changes in DME pattern underwent vitrectomy compared with those without changes in DME pattern (p = 0.012). There was a significant difference in CRT among the 4 groups; group 4 demonstrated the largest CRT at baseline, 6 and 12 months (p < 0.001, 0.002 and 0.029, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in BCVA among the 4 groups at baseline, 6 or 12 months (p = 0.879, 0.375 and 0.246, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical courses varied according to the tomographic patterns of DME after treatment, and the poorest anatomic outcome was found in group 4. Change in tomographic pattern of DME was correlated with the treatment of DME, which might suggest a poorer outcome in those patients than in the patients who maintained their DME patterns.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema* ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Though exercise T1-201 myocardial perfusion-scintigraphy is an important test in the diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease, this test is limited in cases with poor physical conditions and unstable angina and the physical characteristics of thallium are not ideal for nuclear imaging of the myocardium. Recently, technetium-99m-labelled agent(99mTc-MIBI) has been developed to improved the quality of imaging and for easy usage in myocardial perfusion scan. Therefore, we performed dipyridamole 99mTc-MIBI myocardial scintigraphy and coronary angiography on 25 subjects who were suspeced to have coronary artery disease and the results obtanined were as follows ; 1) The overall diagnostic sensitivity of dipyridamole 99mTc-MIBI perfusion scintigraphy was 73.4%, while specificity was 66.7%. 2) Per vessel sensitivity for coronary artery disease diagnosis by the test was 71.4% and a per vessel specificity for coronary artery disease was 95.7%. 3) In all 75 coronary arteries, LAD had a sensitivity of 66.7%(10/15) and a specificity of 100%(10/10); RCA had a sensitivity of 75%(6/8) and a specificity of 82.4%(14/17); LCX had a sensitivity of 60%(3/5) and a specificity of 100%(20/20). 4) After infusion of dipyridamole, the most frequent adverse effect was chest pain which was seen in 8 cases(32%). The headache was seen in 7 cases(28%). Most of the symptoms were mild in severity and subsided spontaneously but 3 subjects were severe enough to require intravenous administration of aminophylline. In conclusion, dipyridamole 99m2011-06-17Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion scintigraphy is a useful and safe test for diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Administration, Intravenous ; Aminophylline ; Angina, Unstable ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Dipyridamole* ; Headache ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging* ; Myocardium ; Perfusion ; Perfusion Imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thallium

Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic autoinflammatory disorder that presents with recurrent fever, extreme fatigue, and joint pain. Pulmonary involvement is not uncommon and, although rare, severe pneumonitis can progress to respiratory failure. Still's disease-associated pneumonitis is generally treated with immunosuppressive agents, but improvement in our understanding of systemic inflammatory processes led us to explore alternative agents. Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist used to treat autoinflammatory disorders resistant to immunosuppressive therapy. Several case reports have demonstrated efficacy of anakinra in treating AOSD, but its relevance in cases complicated with severe pneumonitis has not been examined. Our patient's disease activity was not controlled with systemic steroids and cyclophosphamide. Treatment with anakinra led to a dramatic clinical response. This is the first reported case of AOSD with severe pneumonitis refractory to conventional therapy successfully treated with anakinra.
Arthralgia ; Cyclophosphamide ; Fatigue ; Fever ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein* ; Interleukin-1 ; Pneumonia* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Steroids ; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of the patient's criteria of successful treatment to emotional factors in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: Patients who visited our outpatient hospital due to chronic musculoskeletal pain were evaluated using a questionnaire survey. Patients were evaluated with the Patient-Centered Outcomes Questionnaire (PCOQ) to investigate their expectation and criteria for success regarding treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to check for psychological variables. Correlations among each of the variables were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: Patients with higher levels of depression and anxiety needed larger improvements to consider the treatment as a success in the pain domain (depression, r=0.398, p=0.04; anxiety, r=0.447, p=0.02) and emotional distress domain (depression, r=0.617, p=0.001; anxiety, r=0.415, p=0.03), but had lower level of expectation of the treatment in the pain domain (depression, r=-0.427, p=0.01; anxiety, r=-0.441, p=0.004), emotional distress domain (depression, r=-0.454, p=0.01; anxiety, r=-0.395, p=0.04), and interference of daily activities domain (depression, r=-0.474, p=0.01; anxiety, r=-0.396, p=0.04). Patients were classified into 3 clusters based on the importance rating of each domain via a hierarchical analysis. The cluster of the patients with the higher rating of importance across all domains (importance of pain domain, 9.54; fatigue domain, 9.08; emotional distress domain, 9.23; interference of daily activities domain, 9.23) had the highest level of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Consideration of psychological factors, especially in patients who require larger improvements in all treatment domains, may be helpful for the successful treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Anxiety ; Chronic Pain ; Depression ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Pain* ; Outpatients ; Psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate symptom trajectory of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korean school-age children. METHODS: Four hundred fifty six elementary school children were enrolled when they were in 1st grade and assessed once per year until 4th grade. Symptom severity was assessed by parents using the Korean version of the ADHD rating scale (K-ARS). High-risk was defined as a K-ARS score >18; 377, 325, and 284 children participated in the subsequent assessments. Symptom trajectory was analyzed using a mixed-model approach consistent with the longitudinal nature of the present study including missing data. RESULTS: K-ARS scores demonstrated significant main effects of time (F=35.33; p < 0.001), sex (F=20.77; p < 0.001), and first-year high-risk group (F=240.90; p<0.001). It also demonstrated a significant time×first-year high-risk group interaction effect (F=38.14; p < 0.001), but not a time×sex interaction effect. CONCLUSION: K-ARS scores demonstrated a tendency to decline with aging. Individuals in the high-risk group demonstrated earlier declining tendency than those in the non-high risk group. Although total K-ARS scores differed significantly between the sexes at all assessments, the declining pattern between both sexes did not differ significantly. Further studies including larger sample sizes, diagnostic interviews, and complete data sets are needed to confirm findings of the present study.
Aging ; Child* ; Dataset ; Humans ; Parents ; Sample Size