BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of initial C-reactive protein (CRP) as a predictor of clinical outcome and to investigate whether follow-up CRP measurement is useful for the prediction of the clinical outcome of bloodstream infections in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), whose CRP production in response to infection may be attenuated. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study including 202 LC patients with Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia was conducted to assess the usefulness of serial CRP measurements in predicting clinical outcome in LC patients. The CRP ratio was defined as the ratio of the follow-up CRP level to the initial CRP level. RESULTS: The overall 30-day mortality rate of the study population was 23.8% (48/202). In the multivariate analysis, advanced age (> or = 70 years), healthcare-associated or nosocomial infections, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of > or = 30, and initial body temperature of < 37degrees C were significant factors associated with mortality (all p < 0.05). No association between initial CRP level and mortality was found. In a further analysis including 87 evaluable cases who had repeated CRP measurements at day 4 and/or 5, a CRP ratio of > or = 0.7 was found to be a significant factor associated with mortality (odds ratio, 19.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 276.86; p = 0.043) after adjusting for other confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: Initial CRP level did not predict mortality of sepsis in LC patients. However, serial CRP measurements during the first week of antimicrobial therapy may be useful as a prognostic factor for mortality in LC patients.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteremia/drug therapy/*immunology/microbiology/mortality ; Biological Markers/blood ; C-Reactive Protein/*metabolism ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/microbiology/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/microbiology/mortality ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/*isolation & purification ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications/*immunology/mortality ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is characterized by persistent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, an unusual pattern of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies, detection of the EBV genome in affected tissues or peripheral blood, and chronic illness that cannot be attributed to any other known disease. This is the first reported Korean case of an immunocompetent adult with CAEBV-associated interstitial pneumonitis. A 28-year-old female was admitted with a fever that persisted for 3 weeks. She had multiple lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and elevated serum aminotransferase levels. Serology for antibodies was positive and chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground glass opacities in both lungs. Histopathology of the lung tissue showed lymphocyte infiltration, and EBV DNA was detected in those lymphocytes using in situ hybridization with an EBV-encoded RNA probe. After 1 month of hospitalization, she improved without specific treatment.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications/*pathology/radiography ; Female ; *Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; Lung Diseases/etiology/pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/etiology/*pathology/radiography

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), previously called Churg-Strauss syndrome, is an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis, accompanied by asthma, hypereosinophilia, nonfixed pulmonary infiltrates, and sinusitis. Peripheral neuropathy is common in patients with EGPA; however, a few cases of EGPA with central nervous system (CNS) involvement have been reported. A 45-year-old female referred for right side weakness and posterior neck pain was diagnosed as EGPA with subarachnoid hemorrhage and mononeuritis multiplex. She was effectively treated with a high dose glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, and intravenous immunoglobulin. EGPA with CNS involvement is uncommon and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore more rapid and accurate diagnostic evaluation may be required. EGPA should be considered in patients with neurological symptoms and hypereosinophilia.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Asthma ; Central Nervous System ; Churg-Strauss Syndrome ; Cyclophosphamide ; Eosinophils* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Middle Aged ; Mononeuropathies* ; Mortality ; Neck Pain ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Sinusitis ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Vasculitis

Hyperplastic polyps are often multiple and by far the most frequent lesions among gastric polyps, contributing for about 90% of the polypoid lesions observed in the stomach. However, hyperplastic gastric polyposis is rare and was not exactly evaluated for natural course. These lesions are considered reactive and not genetically determined conditions. So it has been claimed that the hyperplastic polyps and hyperplastic polyposis are non-neoplastic lesions that result from regenerative hyperplastic reaction to inflammation and erosion. Recently we experienced a hyperplastic gastric polyposis with morphological changes during short follow-up period and reported herein.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Inflammation ; Polyps ; Stomach

Trisomy 18 is the second most common chromosomal anomaly that reach to live birth after Down syndrome. Several methods were proposed to screen patients on the risk of Edward syndrome like maternal serum levels using total human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and unconjugated estriol (uE3), or free beta hCG with AFP, but the serum screening has only 50-60% detection rate with a 1-2% of false positive rate. So to cover the limitations that serum marker has, detailed ultrasound examination is also necessary and sensitivities of 65-70% were reported. We report a case of trisomy 18 fetus in which second trimester triple markers of maternal serum was normal, but by detailed ultrasound examination, unilateral radius aplasia was diagnosed cytogenetic study confirmed the fetus as trisomy 18.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Biomarkers ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Cytogenetics ; Down Syndrome ; Estriol ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Live Birth ; Mass Screening ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Radius* ; Trisomy ; Ultrasonography

Intestinal duplications are rare developmental abnormalities that may occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. The possibility of a malignant change occurring in these duplications is very low. We present a case of adenocarcinoma arising in a duplication of the cecum. A 41-year-old male patient was admitted because of a palpable abdominal mass. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 6-cm, peripheral wall-enhanced, round, cystic mass in the cecal area. Excision of the mesenteric mass and a right hemicolectomy was performed. Upon histologic examination, the patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma arising in a duplication of the cecum.
Adenocarcinoma/*pathology/radiography/surgery ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Cecal Neoplasms/*pathology/radiography/surgery ; Cecum/*abnormalities/radiography/surgery ; Colectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

We report a case of a 61-year-old man who presented with a cough and abdominal discomfort. CT scan of the chest showed two lesions across both lungs, and an abdominal CT scan revealed multiple hypodense lesions in the spleen with cystic lesions on the splenic hilum. Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy found creamy yellowish discharge through a fistula between the stomach and splenic hilum. Under fluoroscopic guidance, forceps was inserted into the fistula tract, and forcep biopsy was done. The pathology was consistent with tuberculosis, and a nine-month anti-tuberculosis medication regimen was started. Imaging performed three months after finishing medication indicated improvement of splenic lesions, and the gastro-splenic tract was sealed off. This case is a very rare clinical example of secondary splenic tuberculosis with a gastro-splenic fistula formation in an immunocompetent patient.
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Fluoroscopy ; Gastric Fistula/pathology ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spleen/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Splenic Diseases/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Splenic/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Ultrasonography

Rarely, surgical clips can migrate into the biliary tract after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and work as a nidus for biliary stone formation. We report a case of the development of a common bile duct (CBD) stone induced by surgical clip in a 57-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy 10 years ago. On computed tomography, a CBD stone with a metallic material was found, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed a CBD stone including a metallic clip. The stone was removed completely by ERCP, and the surgical clip was found along with the stone.
Biliary Tract ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Common Bile Duct* ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Instruments*

This report describes a patient with hepatic congestion due to right heart failure mimicking liver tumor. The patient had a history of breast cancer and left total mastectomy 30 years ago, tricuspid valve regurgitation and tricuspid valve replacement 4 years ago. Three years ago, abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed to evaluate inguinal hernia, which revealed multiple small hepatic nodules. After 1 year, the number and size of liver nodules were increased in CT scan. The patient underwent gun biopsy and histopathology revealed sinusoid enlargement. The patient recently had jaundice, abdominal distension, and peripheral edema. Liver dynamic CT scan was done to evaluate the palpable liver. The number and size of liver nodules were more increased in CT than 2 years ago. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), numerous variable sized ill-defined nodules replacing entire liver with progressing centripetal enhancement, which were suggestive of malignancy such as angiosarcoma, were noted. MRI finding suspects malignancy or hemangiosarcoma. Finally, the patient received repeated gun biopsy, and histopathology revealed findings compatible with hepatic congestion.
Biopsy, Needle ; Female ; Heart Failure/*complications ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated the clinical features of ciprofloxacin-resistant Proteus mirabilis bacteremia and risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance. METHODS: From October 2000 to July 2009, 37 patients with clinically significant P. mirabilis bacteremia were identified and data from patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible P. mirabilis bacteremia were compared. RESULTS: The most common underlying diseases were neurologic disease (37.8%) and solid tumors (29.7%). The most common site of infection was the urinary tract (35.1%). Ten of the 37 patients (27.0%) were infected with ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, and univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between ciprofloxacin-resistant P. mirabilis bacteremia and neurologic disease, recent operation, L-tube insertion, percutaneous tube use, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production (all p < 0.05). ESBL was detected in six of 10 (60%) ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, while only three of 27 (11%) ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates produced ESBL (p = 0.005). In a logistic regression analysis, ESBL production remained a significant factor associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, after adjusting for other variables. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate a close association between ciprofloxacin resistance and ESBL-production in P. mirabilis bacteremia. This association is particularly troublesome because the therapeutic options for serious infections caused by ESBL-producing P. mirabilis are severely restricted.
Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology ; Bacteremia/*drug therapy ; Ciprofloxacin/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteus Infections/*drug therapy ; Proteus mirabilis/*drug effects/enzymology ; Risk Factors ; beta-Lactamases/*biosynthesis