PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing patient privacy protection behavior among nursing students and examine the relationships between these factors. METHODS: Participants in this study were 144 nursing students who have experienced clinical practice. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS Win 23.0 program. RESULTS: Professional self-concept and ethical values were factors influencing patient privacy protection behavior among nursing students. These variables explained 21.9% of the variance for patient privacy protection behavior. A higher level of patient privacy protection behavior was associated with higher levels of professional self-concept and ethical values. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that strategies for enhancing patient privacy protection behaviors of nursing students should include methods for forming images of positive nurses and firming ethical values.
Ethics ; Humans ; Medical Informatics ; Nursing* ; Privacy* ; Professionalism ; Self Concept ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences Quality of Life(QOL) according to menopausal symptoms in middle aged women. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 578 women(45-60 years old) residing in urban area by convenience sampling from March 15 to May 30, 2002. The data were collected by structured questionnaire that included general characteristics, menopausal symptoms and QOL scale. the collected data were analyzed by the SPSS 11.0 program that included descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. RESULT: The averaged age of menopause of subjects was 48.29 4.66 years and 74.8% in the subjects complained menopausal symptoms. As for the orders of complained menopausal symptom, it was fatigue, hot flashes, benumbed hands and feet, and irritability. The mean score of the QOL scale was showing above average level of quality of life. Religion was significantly different to the score for activity of QOL, monthly income was different to the score for activity and physical well-being of QOL. Menopausal status was significantly different to the QOL. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a replicate study is needed. The results are also useful in developing various programs for health promotion of middle aged women.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to understand the meaning of mind control as it is understood by elderly persons in Korea. METHOD: This study was conducted by engaging three elderly persons who are over the age of sixty five and presently residing in Seoul. Several in depth interviews were conducted with these individuals from March 2003 until November 2003. The contents of the interviews were analyzed using the Giorgi Method (1985), which places the emphasis on discovering meaning within the phenomenological context of an individual's experience. RESULTS: The analysis of the contents revealed the following four components with regard to the meaning of mind control for elderly persons (1) Settling the mind (2) Gradual lowering of expectations and hope for the success of offspring, (3) Having good thoughts and acting accordingly, and (4) Making up one's mind to follow the 'natural flow of life'. CONCLUSION: By allowing a wider and deeper understanding of the meaning of mind control for elderly persons the results of this study provide a basis for improving the care of elderly with a holistic perspective.
Aged* ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Change Events ; Seoul

This study was performed to observe the therapeutic effects of interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) and gamma-globulin(gamma-globulin) in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of immune suppressed mice. After 9 weeks, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMZ; 10-50 mg/mouse/day), mouse IFN-gamma(5 x 10(4) units/mouse/day) and mouse gamma-globulin(20 mg/mouse/day) were administered to the mice for 3 weeks by the experimental group. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by body weights, histopathologic and electron microscopic findings of the lungs, and number of P. carinii cysts by Gomori's methenamine silver stain. Body weights of the mice were significantly increased in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma or gamma-globulin, and in the group of TMP-SMZ treatment (p < 0.05), however, little effect was found in the group of gamma-globulin alone. Histopathologic findings of P. carinii pneumonia were much improved in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma. Treatment with either TMP-SMZ or IFN-gamma significantly reduced the number of cysts in the P. carinii pneumonia, but gamma-globulin alone was ineffective. In electron microscopic findings of P. carinii pneumonia, the number of trophozoites and cysts were reduced by treatment with either TMP-SMZ or IFN-gamma, and most of the cysts were empty or containing one or two intracystic bodies. The present results suggested, that combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma had synergistic effects in treatment of P. carinii pneumonia in experimental mice.
Drug-Synergism ; Drug-Therapy,-Combination ; English-Abstract ; Gamma-Globulins-administration-and-dosage ; Interferon-Type-II-administration-and-dosage ; Mice- ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Combination-administration-and-dosage ; *Gamma-Globulins-therapeutic-use ; *Interferon-Type-II-therapeutic-use ; *Pneumonia,-Pneumocystis-carinii-therapy ; Gamma-Globulins ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Combination ; Interferon-Type-II

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hand moxa and hand press pellet on blood pressure, blood lipids and blood cell components in elderly women. METHODS: This study was conducted as a quasi-experiment with none equivalent control group pre-post test design. The participants were elders who had essential hypertension. There were 18 members in the experimental group and 20 members in the control group. The experimental group received hand moxibustion and hand press pellet 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The results were analyzed using 2 test, t-test, Fisher's exact test and repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: There were significant decreases in blood pressure in the experimental group compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed in total triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol between the two groups. Differences in hemoglobin and hematocrit were not significant either. However, there were significant increases in RBC in the experimental group after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that combined hand therapy contributes to the decrease of blood pressure among the elderly with hypertension. Therefore combined hand therapy is recommended as a complementary nursing intervention strategy for the elderly with essential hypertension.
Aged ; Blood Cells* ; Blood Pressure* ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Complementary Therapies ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Hand* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Moxibustion* ; Nursing ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: This study is conducted to survey and examine the relationships among anxiety about aging, perceived health status and health promoting behaviors in the elderly, and to provide basic data for health promoting interventions that would improve their successful aging. METHODS: Data in this study was collected from 333 elderly participants living in Busan. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA with Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The major findings of this study were as follows. 1) The mean score of anxiety about aging was 2.67 +/- 0.30, perceived health status 2.46 +/- 0.37, and health promoting behavior 2.77 +/- 0.21. 2) There was a positive correlation between health promoting behavior and perceived health status (r = 267, p = .000). There was a negative correlation between anxiety about aging and health promoting behavior (r = -.163, p = .003). 3) Health-promoting behavior was significantly associated with perceived health and anxiety about aging, which explained 20.9% of variance in health-promoting behavior. CONCLUSION: In order to promote perceived health status and to decrease anxiety about aging in the elderly, it is necessary to develop supporting interventions to decrease anxiety about aging.
Aged* ; Aging* ; Anxiety* ; Busan ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Senior Centers* ; Statistics as Topic

The time course of recovery in vestibular neuritis varies between individuals. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors for the early or late recovery of vestibular neuritis. The inclusion criteria were patients 1) who had an acute onset of vertigo lasting at least 24 hours, 2) with a horizontal-torsional unidirectional spontaneous nystagmus, and 3) with a canal paresis of 20% or more on the bithermal caloric tests. The primary endpoint for this study was an early or late recovery of vestibular neuritis as a dependent variable. A functional level scale was used to define the late recovery (5 or more points) at seven days after the symptom onset. The secondary endpoint was the duration of hospitalization. One hundred twenty eight patients met the inclusion criteria for this study, and among them, 71 patients had an early recovery. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus was the only independent significant variable for the prediction of a late recovery of vestibular neuritis. In addition, the diabetes mellitus was a predicting variable for long duration of hospitalization. Diabetes mellitus was a predictor for a late recovery of vestibular neuritis.

Primary small cell carcinoma of the salivary gland is a rare neoplasm that accounts for approximately 1.8% of all primary major salivary gland malignancies. Because of its rarity, it is difficult to diagnose small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland by fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). We experienced a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 72-year-old woman who presented with two palpable masses of the left infraauricular and ocular regions of two to three month's duration, respectively. Aspirate smears from the left infraauricular area were highly cellular on necrotic and lymphocytic background and showed individually dispersed cells or three-dimensional clusters of small cells. The tumor cells were round to oval with a very high nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Nuclei were about two times the size of lymphocytes and had uniformly dispersed but hyperchromatic to pyknotic chromatin. Nucleoli were occasionally visible but were generally inconspicuous. Numerous mitotic figures were detected. The clusters of these small tumor cells exhibited angular nuclear molding, irregular nuclear outlines, and occasionally rosette like arrangement. The tumor was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry.
Aged ; Animals ; Benzodiazepines* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Chromatin ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immobilization* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland ; Rats* ; Receptors, GABA-A* ; Salivary Glands ; Thyroid Gland

OBJECTIVE: Sperm must be properly prepared in in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) programs in order to control the fertilization rate and ensure that embryos are of high quality and have appropriate developmental abilities. The objective of this study was to determine the most optimal sperm preparation method for IVF. METHODS: Patients less than 40 years of age who participated in a fresh IVF-ET cycle from November 2012 to March 2013 were included in this study. Poor responders with less than three mature oocytes were excluded. Ham's F-10 medium or sperm-washing medium (SWM) was used in combination with the density-gradient centrifugation/swim-up (DGC-SUP) or SUP methods for sperm preparation. A total of 429 fresh IVF-ET cycles were grouped according to the media and methods used for sperm preparation and retrospectively analyzed (DGC-SUP/Ham's F-10, n=82; DGC-SUP/SWM, n=43; SUP/Ham's F-10, n=181; SUP/SWM, n=123). RESULTS: There were no significant differences among these four groups with respect to the mean age of the female partners, duration of infertility, number of previous IVF cycles, and retrieved oocytes. We determined that both the DGC-SUP and SUP methods for sperm preparation from whole semen, using either Ham's F-10 or SWM media, result in comparable clinical outcomes, including fertilization and pregnancy rates. CONCLUSION: We suggest that both media and both methods for sperm preparation can be used for selecting high-quality sperm for assistive reproductive technology programs.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reproductive Techniques ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen ; Spermatozoa

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand moxibustion for reduction of pain during menstruation. METHOD: Fifteen women were selected as subjects and data collection was conducted from September to December 2003. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermotraphic Image (DITI) were used to measure the degree of pain and body heat. RESULT: The results showed that there was a significant reduction of pain during menstruation when hand moxibustion was performed. Also, there were significant differences in the change of body heat. These were left hands (Z=-2.805, p=.005), right hands (Z=-2.805, p=.005) and lower abdomen (Z=-2.803, p=.005). CONCLUSION: It was found that hand moxibustion decreased pain during menstruation and increased body heat. Therefore, hand moxibustion may be a good method for intervention to decrease pain during menstruation.
Abdomen ; Data Collection ; Female ; Hand* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Menstruation* ; Moxibustion*