No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Skin*

To evaluate the implication of vascular factors in normal tension glaucoma, the authors measured ocular blood flow velocity in normal tension glaucoma patients using Doppler Ultrasound. Seventeen consecutive patients(29 eyes) of normal tension glaucoma were studied. The peak systolic and diastolic velocities of ophthalmic artery in normal tension glaucoma were 25.48 +/- 4.09cm/sec and 5.48 +/- 1.16cm/sec, respectively; there were statistically significant decrease of blood flow velocities compared to those of primary open angle glaucoma(30.83 +/- 5.38cm/sec, 9.10 +/- 3.25cm/sec)(p<0.05) and normal group(38.12 +/- 6.42cm/sec, 9.77 +/- 2.64cm/sec)(p<0.05). The peak systolic and diastolic velocities of central retinal artery in normal tension glaucoma were 5.95 +/- 1.05cm/sec and 2.14 +/- 0.83cm/sec, respectively; there was statistically no significant decrease of blood flow velocities compared to those of normal group and primary open angle glaucoma group. Above results imply that the blood flow velocity of ophthalmic artery decrease significantly in normal tension glaucoma and local vascular factors are somewhat related to the development of the normal tension glaucoma. Further studies are necessary to validate these preliminary findings.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma* ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Retinal Artery ; Ultrasonography*

A 30-year-old male was involved in a car accident. Radiographs revealed a depressed marginal fracture of the medial tibial plateau and an avulsion fracture of the fibular head. Magnetic resonance imaging showed avulsion fracture of Gerdy's tubercle, injury to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), posterior horn of the medial meniscus, and the attachments of the lateral collateral ligament and the biceps femoris tendon. The depressed fracture of the medial tibial plateau was elevated and stabilized using a cannulated screw and washer. The injured lateral and posterolateral corner (PLC) structures were repaired and augmented by PLC reconstruction. However, the avulsion fracture of Gerdy's tubercle was not fixed because it was minimally displaced and the torn PCL was also not repaired or reconstructed. We present a unique case of pure varus injury to the knee joint. This case contributes to our understanding of the mechanism of knee injury and provides insight regarding appropriate treatment plans for this type of injury.
Adult ; Fibula/*injuries/surgery ; Humans ; *Knee Injuries/complications/surgery ; Male ; *Multiple Trauma/complications/surgery ; *Tibial Fractures/complications/surgery

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disease affecting joint synovium, tendon sheaths, bursae. The usual treatment for PVNS is a surgical excision. If destructive joint lesions have occurred, complete resections must be performed followed by arthrodesis or arthroplasty. We report a case of a pigmented villonodular synovitis involving an ankle joint which was treated by total ankle replacement for recurrence after simple synovectomy.
Animals ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Arthrodesis ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Ankle ; Joints ; Recurrence ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; Tendons

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of a retrotrigonal layer backup stitch (RTBS) during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) on post-prostatectomy incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the difference in continence recovery between 94 patients (group 1, as historical controls) and 57 patients (group 2). The only technical difference between our two groups was the incorporation of the retrotrigonal layer into the posterior aspect of the vesicourethral anastomosis (group 1: without RTBS; group 2: with RTBS). Postoperative continence recovery was defined as the use of no absorbent pads. RESULTS: In group 1, the continence rate at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively was 40.4%, 70.2%, and 90.4%, respectively;in group 2, the continence rate was 42.1%, 70.1%, and 89.7%, respectively. The median (95% confidence interval) time to continence recovery was four months (range, 1 to 12 months) in group 1 and four months (range, 1 to 9 months) in group 2. Kaplan-Meier curves showed no significant difference in the recovery of continence between the two groups (log rank test, p=0.629). CONCLUSIONS: A RTBS does not appear to improve urinary incontinence after RALP. Further anatomical study and prospective randomized studies will be needed to confirm this.
Humans ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) has been reported to be as safe and effective as open surgery. We systematically evaluated the safety of video-assisted minilaparotomy surgery-living donor nephrectomy (VAMS-LDN) with use of the modified Clavien classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed complications in 720 cases of VAMS-LDN conducted in our institute from 2003 to 2010 by use of the modified Clavien classification of surgical complications. RESULTS: The mean age of the donors was 39.3 years (range, 16 to 66 years) and their mean body mass index was 23.3 kg/m2 (range, 15.8 to 36.4 kg/m2). A total of 67 complications occurred (9.3%). Based on the modified Clavien classification, grade 1, 2a, and 2b complications occurred in 49 (6.8%), 16 (2.2%), and 2 (0.3%) of the donors, respectively. Most grade 1 complications involved mild vascular injuries that were immediately repaired with polypropylene sutures during the surgery. These did not cause any postoperative problems. The other grade 1 complications were wound dehiscence, not requiring secondary closure, and wound site pain in 11 (1.5%) and 5 (0.7%) cases, respectively. Grade 2a complications occurred in 16 (2.2%) cases: 9 (1.3%) involved postoperative transfusions and 1 (0.1%) involved a renal fossa hematoma. One grade 2b complication occurred; it was a lymphocele that resolved with placement of a pigtail catheter. No complications classified as grade 2c or worse occurred. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present analysis of complications, VAMS-LDN is a safe procedure with complication rates comparable to those of LLDN as evaluated in previous studies.
Body Mass Index ; Catheters ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Laparotomy ; Living Donors ; Lymphocele ; Nephrectomy ; Polypropylenes ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Sutures ; Tissue Donors ; Vascular System Injuries

PURPOSE: Hydronephrosis constitutes a great portion of fetal anomalies screened by prenatal sonogram. The present authors made an attempt to access its natural courses through follow up neonatal hydronephrosis diagnosed by prenatal sonogram. METHODS: The study was composed of 23 neonates(36 renal units) who were diagnosed with hydronephrosis through prenatal sonogram screening and confirmed 3-7 days after birth with sonographic evaluation at Kyung Hee University Hospital. The neonates were closely monitored for 12-24 months with renal sonogram, diuretic renogram, intravenous pyelography(IVP) and voiding cystoureterography(VCUG). RESULTS: The underlying diseases were composed of 16 cases(44%) of functional abnormalities, 14 cases(39%) of ureteropelvic junction(UPJ) obstruction, three cases(8%) of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and on case each of multicystic dysplastic kidney, UPJ obstruction with ureteral stenosis and ureterovesical junction(UVJ) obstruction with VUR. The degree of hydronephrosis was divided into three classes according to its severity. In 30 renal units with UPJ obstruction and functional abnormalities, 26(87%) showed mild hydronephrosis, while four(13%) were moderate. During the follow up period, six cases(20%) showed natural resolution of hydronephrosis, 15 cases(50%) showed improvement while two cases(7%) were aggravated with improvement only after surgery of the underlying disease. The cases which showed natural resolution were all mild hydronephrosis at diagnosis and the cases which underwent surgery due to continuous aggravation were mild one case and moderate one case. CONCLUSION: Those with cases of mild hydronephrosis show rapid natural improvement. On the other hand, in some cases, follow up monitoring reveal aggravation of the situation, emphasizing the necessity for thorough follow up for a long period of time.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ; Parturition ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal* ; Ureter ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Miller Fisher syndrome is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia and usually develops after respiratory tract viral infection. Other various events that precede neurologic symptoms are GI tract infection, vaccination, digitalis intoxication, insect bite, and delivery. The clinical course is usually benign with complete recovery. Miller Fisher syndrome is rare and occurred after insect bite is even more rare. The authors experienced a case of Miller Fisher syndrome in 7-year-old female who had the sudden onset of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. These symptomes developed after insect bite.
Ataxia ; Child ; Digitalis ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings* ; Insects* ; Miller Fisher Syndrome* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Respiratory System ; Vaccination

STUDY DESIGN: Case report OBJECTIVES: We report a case of relatively rare multiple bilateral perineural cysts. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Tarlov cysts, also known as perineural cysts are most often found in the sacral region, but there are a few cases reported in the thoracic region. In particular, there are very few cases of multiple bilateral thoracic perineural cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A woman aged 65 years with perineural cysts in the bilateral T10-T11 and T11-12 neural foramens, underwent a T10-11-12 decompressive laminectomy and resection of the cyst. RESULTS: Satisfactory results were obtained for the patient after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: For more detailed and definitive treatment of thoracic perineural cysts, additional cases are required.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Sacrococcygeal Region ; Tarlov Cysts

No abstract available.
Ascorbic Acid* ; Pyuria* ; Vitamins*