Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and nutritional education on blood lipids, physical fitness and exercise behavior among students with high cholesterol level. Methods: A total of 140 male college students with total cholesterol higher than 200 mg/dl were randomly divided into cycling + nutrition education (BE) group; control group (C). The BE group received 6-weeks intervention (3 times a week, 60 minutes each time, exercise intensity of 50%-70% HRR and 60 minutes of nutrition education per week). Blood lipids, physical fitness, daily dietary intake, and exercise behavior before and after intervention was assessed. Results: BMI and waist-to-hip ratio in the BE group were significantly lower than those in the group C[(25.57±1.77) kg/m2 vs (28.88±2.10) kg/m2], [(0.81±0.03) vs (0.87±0.06)]; Cardiopulmonary fitness was significantly better than group C [(54.45 ± 5.31) vs (50.00 ± 5.29)]. The level of TC of group C was significantly higher than that of group BE [(229.90±25.63) mg/dL vs (195.90±34.79) mg/dL], and the HDL-C of group BE was significantly better than group C [(70.30±8.06) mg/dL vs (58.60±10.42) mg/dL]. The conscious activity of the group BE was significantly better than that of the group C[(78.90±4.58) vs (74.10±5.48)], and the conscious dyskinesia in the group C was significantly higher than that in the group BE[(57.30±5.54) vs (51.40±4.87)], group BE The exercise self-efficacy was better than that of group C [(66.80±8.75) vs (57.10±9.09)], and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.33，4.11，6.22，P<0.05). The daily intake of potato, vegetables, fruits, livestock and poultry, fish and shrimp, eggs, milk and beans in the group BE was in a reasonable range, which was significantly better than that before intervention and group C(P<0.01). Conclusion In summary, intervention combined with moderate-intensity exercise and nutrition education shows significant effects in improving cardiopulmonary fitness, HDL-C level, and lowering BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and total cholesterol value; 6-week exercise intervention improves self-conscious sports interests, conscious movement disorders and cognitive self-efficacy; nutrition education intervention helps guide college students to take reasonable dietary behavior and reasonable intake of food.