Objective: To understand the relationship between parental nutritional literacy and dietary behaviors of primary school students in Bao an District of Shenzhen, so as to provide a basis for promoting childhood healthy eating habits. Methods: In December 2022, a total of 2 293 students in grades 4-6 and their parents from seven schools in Baoan District, Shenzhen were surveyed with questionnaire by using stratified cluster random sampling method. Multiple linear regression model was used to explore the relationship between parental nutrition literacy and dietary behaviors among primary school students. Results: The mean score of parental total nutritional literacy was (75.04±8.08), and the mean scores of the three dimensions for basic knowledge and concepts, basic skills and lifestyle and dietary behaviors were (24.23±2.45) (34.99±5.61), and (15.82±2.56), respectively. The mean total nutrient literacy score of parents with normal body mass index (BMI) was (75.47±8.04), which was higher than that of parents with abnormal BMI (74.45±7.85) ( t=2.78, P <0.01); and the mean dietary behavior score of primary school students whose parents were sufficient nutritional literacy (32.45±3.02) was higher than those of parents with low nutritional literacy ( 30.98± 3.60) ( t=9.22, P <0.01). In multiple linear regression analyses, after adjusting for gender, grade, household registration, parental education, parental occupation, whether living with their parents, and parental BMI of primary school students and other factors, parental basic knowledge and concepts ( β=0.13, 95%CI =0.07-0.19), basic skills ( β=0.10, 95%CI =0.08-0.13), lifestyle and dietary behaviors ( β=0.28, 95%CI =0.23-0.34), and total nutritional literacy level ( β=0.09, 95%CI =0.07-0.11) were positively correlated with healthy dietary behaviours of primary school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions As parental nutritional literacy increases in Bao an District of Shenzhen, unhealthy dietary behavior among primary school students also relatively decreases. It s recommended that comprehensive parental nutritional literacy interventions should be enhanced to foster healthy dietary behaviors in children.