Objective To explore the relationships of traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) and recognition and empathy.Methods 120 cases with moderate to-severe TBI and 120 healthy controls with age and gender-matched were chose.Participants were evaluated for facial and vocal affect recognition;and affective and cognitive empathy (empathic concern and perspective-taking,respectively) were detected.Results Participants with TBI had signifi-cantly poorer facial and vocal affect recognition.Facial and vocal affect recognition variances (14.28 ±3.87) points and DANVA2-Voice (14.12 ±3.14) points were significantly lower than those of the control group ( t=-3.927, 4.183,all P<0.05);the empathic concern score (19.58 ±4.87) points and perspective taking(14.46 ±5.34) points were significantly lower than those of the control group too (t=-3.015,-3.935,all P<0.05).Conclusion TBI patients have a tendency to avoid thinking about emotions and more likely to have problems recognizing others′emotions and assuming others′points of view.

Objective　The effects of endotoxemia on hepatic energy metabolism and hepatic tissue blood flow were studied on the rats with obstructive jaundice.Methods　 After biliary obstructed and decompressed the rats were injected endotoxin,then hepatic tissue blood flow and energy metabolism were determined.Results　Hepatic blood flow decreased and hepatic energy metabolism lowered in rats with obstructive jaundice.Hepatic blood flow decreased markedly and hepatic energy metabolism lowered further due to endotoxemia. Afeter 4 weeks of jaundice hepatic energy metabolism did not recover.Conclusion　The decrease in hepatic tissue blood flow affected notably hepatic energy metabolism in obsturctive jaundice.When obstructive jaundice with endotoxemia happened,hepatic tissue blood flow markedly deceased and energy metabolism lowered further.

Barriers to doctor-patient communication induced medical disputes easily.Operation is one of the main means for surgical treatment.Surgery has a high incidence of medical disputes for its invasive and high-risk nature in operative treatments.In the course of surgical treatment,we place patients at the center of medical services and carry out the communicating model of "empathy" in doctor-patient communication to reduce the somatopsychic suffering of patients and promote mutual understanding and support between doctors and patients.It proves to help build a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients,reduce medical disputes,advance the quality of medical services and put the relationship between doctors and patients in a win-win situation.

Objective To determine the expression of Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) in the fetal membrane and placenta of idiopathic polyhydramnios. Methods The amnion, chorion and placenta were collected from 12 term pregnancies with idiopathic polyhydramnios(polyhydramnios group) and 12 term pregnancies who were normal (control group). The expression of AQP8 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of AQP8 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of AQP8 mRNA in amnion, chorion and placenta of polyhydramnios group was (0.78±0.13), (0.58±0.10), and (0.86±0.15) respectively, and that of control group was (0.39±0.07 ), (0.45±0.09),and (0.34±0.09) respectively. The expression of AQP8 protein in amnion, chorion and placenta of polyhydramnios group was (0.195±0.024), (0. 170±0.028), and (0. 193±0.024) respectively, and that of control group was (0. 151±0.018), (0.156±0.024), and (0. 152±0.023) respectively. In all 3 types of tissues the expression of AQP8 mRNA of polyhydramnios group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). In anmion and placenta the expression of AQP8 protein of polyhydramnios group was also increased compared to that of control group (P<0.05), but in chorion the difference in AQP8 protein expression between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of AQP8 mRNA and protein is significantly increased in the anmion and placenta of polyhydramnios, suggesting that AQP8 may play an important role in the regulation of amniotic fluid volume.

The author believed that pathogenesis of IGT is yin asthenia,deficiency of both vital energy and yin,obstruct of phlegm and blood stasis,which result from innate deficiency,improper diet,over exertion and so on.According to these pathogenesis,therapeutic principle as supplementing qi and nourishing yin,invigorating vital energy and spleen,removing blood stasis and phlegm,and nourishing yin and kidney are established.Besides,acupuncture and massage have been applied as well.According to the literatures,good potentialities have been shown in traditional Chinese medicine intervening on IGT.

BACKGROUND:Traditional imaging examinations have lower sensitivity in diagnosing articular cartilage injury, and the effects of biomarkers in body fluid on diagnosing severity of cartilage injury should be evaluated.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of the biomarkers, including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), in serum and synovial fluid in evaluating the early sports injury of articular cartilage.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: the 105 Central Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Eighteen adult male hybrid dogs (15-25 kg, average 22.5 kg) were divided into three groups randomly: ①plain-running group (n =8): the dogs ran on the plain; ② slope-running group (n =8): the dogs ran on the slope of 10°; ③control group (n =2): the dogs could move freely.METHODS: Dogs in the plain-running group and slope-running group were trained daily, rurning for an hour in the morning and in the afternoon respectively(total two hours per day), 4 m/s, and the training lasted for 10 weeks. Serum and synovial fluid were collected on the dayof training, and at the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 10th weeks respectively in both the plain-running group and slope-running group, and the concentrations of COMP,MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 were detected with ELISA. Standard curves were built by the standard concentrations and A values, according to which corresponding concentrations of specimens were obtained. Knee joint MRI examination was performed, and the training was canceled on the day of examination. All the dogs were killed after 10 weeks, and the knee joint cartilages weight loading region of femur condyles were observed histologically.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentrations of COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 in serum and synovial fluid on the day of training, and the 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks in each group; Results of MRI examination of knee joint; Results of the histological observation of knee joint cartilage after 10 weeks.RESULTS: All the 18 dogs were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of examination in serum. ② Results of examination in synovial fluid: In the slope-running group, the COMP concentrations at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks were obviously higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.01), MMP-1 concentration at 2, 4 and 6 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), MMP-3 concentrations at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.01);The MMP-3/TIMP-1 ratios at 2, 4 and 8 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group(P ＜ 0.05-0.01).③ The concentrations of COMP,MMP-1,MMP-3 and TIMP-1 and the MMP-3/TIMP-1 ratio in serum were significantly correlated with the corresponding biomarkers in synovial fluid (r =0.631,0.502, 0.748, 0.651, 0.667, P＜ 0.01). ④ Results of histological observations: In both the plain-running group and slope-running group, obvious pathological changes of articular cartilage injury were observed at 10 weeks, the activity of articular chondrocytes in the surface layer was obviously decreased, which was severer in the latter group than in the former one. ⑤Results of MRI examination: Early sports injury changes of knee joint appeared at 2 weeks, and progressive aggravation occurred in both the plain-running group and slope-running group.CONCLUSION: Repetitive, impacted, torsional, shearing motions with long time and great intensity are easy to induce sports injury,even osteoarthritis.The sensitivity of these biomarkers is better than MRI in reflecting the pathological changes of articular cartilage.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of acupoint application therapy for asthmatic diseases in the hottest of summer days. Methods: 500 cases of patients with asthmatic diseases were treated by applying a herbal drug on the acupoints in the hottest summer days, namely herbal cake stuck on the acupoint with a piece of plaster, for 6 h every time, once respectively in the first, second and third period of the hottest summer days. Six months after the last session, the clinical effects were assessed by questionnaire. Results: In 500 cases of the patients, the results showed a remarkable effect in 267 cases, improvement in 182 cases, failure in 51 cases and the effective rate was 89.9%. Conclusion: The therapeutic effects are positive in the application of a herbal drug on an acupoint for asthmatic diseases. This method is convenient and needs to be popularized clinically.

Embolic stroke of undetermined source ( ESUS ) refers to non-lacunar brain infarcts without definite proximal arterialstenosis or major cardioembolic sources.Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be the most important cause of ESUS, thus anticoagulation may be more effective than antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention to this group of patients.This paper reviews the latest progress on the definition, epidemiology, diagnostic approach, relation to atrial fibrillation and management of ESUS.

As a high-throughout technique after DNA chips in biomedical research, protein arrays are developing, with high sensitivity and veracity. They have drawn increasing attention because they can provide a new technological platform for life science studies. There has been no effective diagnosis instrument for common articular cartilage injuries when they are at an initial stage, but when the disorders progress into an advanced stage, visible functional disturbances often arise. Protein arrays may offer a solution to the lasting tough problem in orthopaedic field. In this paper, we review the development and research of protein arrays, the regulation of proteins, their biochemical functions and their potential interaction partners, as well as changes of cartilage biomarkers in body fluid after injury. In addition, the feasibility and rationality of using protein microarrays for diagnosing early articular cartilage injuries are discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of magnoflorine, hesperidin, nitidine chloride, ethoxychelerythrine and toddaloactone in Zanthozylum nitidum (Roxb) DC.f. fastuosum How ex Huang. METHODS: The RP-HPLC system consisted of a Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile solution-water solution (containing 0.2% phosphoric acid and 0.2% triethylamine) for gradient elution. DAD detector was used and the detection wave lengths were 273, 283 and 328 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 and the column temperature was 30°C. For different constituents, external standard method was used with the peak area at the maximum absorption wavelength as the quantitative index. RESULTS: The liner ranges of magnoflorine, hesperidin, nitidine chloride, ethoxychelerythrine and toddaloactone were 0.0957-1.3391 μg (r=0.9995), 0.3189-2.1260 μg(r=0.9998),0.0397-0.2648 μg (r=0.9995), 0.1004-1.0040 μg(r=0.9999), and 0.1080-2.1600 μg (r=0.9999), respectively. The average recoveries (n=6) were 100.2%, 99.8%, 97.1%, 98.8% and 101.6% (n=6) Respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate, simple, rapid, and reproducible for the determination of magnoflorine, hesperidin, nitidine chloride, ethoxychelerythrine and toddaloactone in Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb) DC.f. fastuosum How ex Huang. The determination result can be used as a reference for the reasonable medication, quality control and further study of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb) DC.f. fastuosum How ex Huang.