Objective:To explore the relationship between self-supporting levels and mental locus of control(internalexternal locus of control)in primary school students.Methods:193 grade 5 to 6 primary school students were examined by the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire for 6 to 12 Years Old Children and Multidimentional Measure of Children’s Perception of Control(MMCPC);and then the subjects were divided into two groups,of which the high-self-supporting group includes the top 27%according to the self-supporting behavior questionnaire total score,and the low-self- supporting group includes the bottom 27%.Results:①The high self-supporting group get significantly lower score in unknown control and powerful others’control subscales than the low self-supporting group,and get significantly higher score in internal locus of control than the low self-supporting group;②Except social self-supporting,the other dimentions in Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire were negatively correlated with unknown control and powerful others’control; were positively correlated with the internal control.Conclusion:Children’s self-supporting level were closely related to mental locus of control.the high self-supporting children were inclined to the internal control,and vice versa.

Objective: To explore the relationship between self-supporting levels and the early parent-child attachment in primary school students. Methods: 193 grade 5 to 6 primary school students were examined by the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire for 6 to 12 Years Old Children and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ 3.1); and then the subjects were divided into two groups, of which the high-self-supporting group included the top 27% according to the self-supporting behavior questionnaire total score, and the low-self-supporting group included the bottom 27%. Results: ①The low-self-supporting group got significantly higher score in mother negative loving, father negative loving, mother rejecting, father rejecting, mother anger and father anger subscales than the highself-supporting group; ②The children’s self-supporting behaviors were negatively correlated with mother negative loving, father negative loving, mother rejecting, father rejecting, mother anger and father anger. Conclusion: Children’s self-supporting levels were closely related to the early parent-child attachment. The refusal, rejection, negative loving, and anger of parents might play a passive role in the development of children’s self-supporting behavior.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the self-supporting levels and self-concept in primary school students.Methods:193 grade 5 to 6 primary school students were examined by the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire for 6 to 12 Years Old Children and Tennessee Self-concept Scale,and then the subjects were divided into two groups,of which the high-self-supporting group includes the top 27% according to the questionnaire total score,and the low-self-supporting group includes the bottom 27%.Results:①The high self-supporting group get significantly higher score in all subscales of Tennessee Self-concept Scale than the low self-supporting group;②All subscales of Tennessee Self-concept Scale were significantly positively correlated with all dimentions of Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire.Conclusion:Children's self-supporting behaviors were closely related to self-concept.The higher level of self-supporting,the more positive their self-concept.

In numerous digestive reconstruction techniques after proximal gastrectomy for tumor of the gastroesophageal junction,widely used methods are esophagogastrostomy,esophagogastric tube reconstruction and jejunalinterposition reconstruction.More studies have been focused on jejunalinterposition reconstruction in recent years,from which a variety of modified reconstructions derive.In clinical practice,a flexible choice is needed according to the actual situation of patients.

The concentrations of CuZn-SOD and malondialdehyde (MDA) in in-flowingand out-going pulmonary blood(IPB, OPB) were observed dynamically during intestinal ischemic-reperfusion in rabbits. The results showed that in normal subjects the content of SOD of OPB was higher than IPB, P

OBJECTIVE: To discuss marketing combination program strategy of online drug store in China.METHODS: It was analyzed from aspects of product strategy,price strategy,channel strategy and promotion strategy.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: For product strategy of online drug store,great importance should be attached to the rational selection of products;the product strategy should manifest its advantage of low price;the distribution channel strategy should be conducive to the close rate and the promotion means in promoting strategy should be diversified.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the selection of marketing strategy for post-marketing drugs.METHODS:?2 test was employed to analyze the number of 4 marketing strategies(flank attack strategy,guerrilla strategy,defensive strategy and attack strategy)used for the 100 well-known drug brands(74 from domestic versus 26 from abroad),meanwhile the regular marketing strategies for the domestic vs.foreign drug enterprises and for the OTC drugs vs.prescribed drugs were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There were significant differences between domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises in the use of guerrilla strategy and attack strategy,20 of the domestic brands(27.03%)vs.none of the foreign brands used guerrilla strategy(0.00%),however,the foreign enterprises prefer attack strategy than domestic enterprises(14 foreign brands(53.85%)vs.13 domestic ones(17.57%)).There were no significant differences between domestic and foreign brands in the application of flank attack strategy and defensive strategy,the same is true between OTC and prescription drugs in the four strategies mentioned above.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for domestic pharmaceutical enterprises in making marketing-mix strategy. METHODS: ?2 test was performed to analyze the numbers of the product strategy,price strategy,place strategy and promotion strategy included in marketing-mix strategy of 100 well-known brand drugs (74 domestic brand drugs versus 26 foreign brand drugs),and the regular patterns for the application of the strategies were summarized. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: There is great difference between domestic brand drugs and foreign brand drugs in product strategy and price strategy. In terms of product strategy,the foreign drug enterprises attach more importance to concept marketing strategy than domestic counterparts do;as for price strategy,the domestic drug enterprises prefer low price-high promotion strategy while the foreign counterparts prefer high price-high promotion strategy. However,the difference between Chinese drug enterprises and foreign counterparts in channel strategy and promotion strategy is non-significant.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the cognitive style of field dependence-independence and self-supporting levels in primary school students.Methods: One hundred and twenty grade 4 to 6 primary school students were examined by the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire for 6 to 12 Years Old Children,and then the subjects were divided into two groups,of which the high-self-supporting group includes the top 27% according to the questionnaire total score,and the low-self-supporting group includes the bottom 27%.Both the groups were tested by the Embedded Figures Test.Results: ①The high self-supporting group get significantly higher score in the Embedded Figures Test than the low self-supporting group;and the field-independence group get significantly higher scores in the scholastic self-supporting and self-determination subscales of the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire than the field-dependence group;②the score of Embedded Figures Test was significantly correlated with the scores of scholastic self-supporting,self-supporting in daily life,self-determination,self-action,responsibility undertaking,and the total score of the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire.Conclusion: Children's self-supporting levels were related to their cognitive style,namely,the high self-supporting children were inclined to field-independence cognitive style,and vice versa.

Objective:To explore the relationship between Parental Rearing Behavior and self-supporting levels in pri-mary school students.Methods:①79 grade 5 to 6 primary school students were examined by the Self-supporting Behav-ior Questionnaire for 6 to 12 Years Old Children and EMBU scale;②And then the subjects were divided into two groups,of which the high-self-supporting group includes the top 27% according to the questionnaire total score,and the low-self-supporting group includes the bottom 27%.Results:①Compared with the low self-supporting group,the high self-supporting group get significantly higher score of the emotional warmth and understanding of father and mother;compared with the high self-supporting group,the low self-supporting group get significantly higher score of refusal of mother,rejec-tion and punishment of father and mother;②Self-supporting of children was negatively correlated with refusal of mother,rejection and punishment of father and mother;positively with emotional warmth and understanding of father and mother.Conclusion:Children's self-supporting levels were related to parental style.