Objective To discuss the value of joint detection in patients with progressive cerebral infarction (PCI) on high sensi‐tivity c‐reactive protein(hs‐CRP) ,and homocysteine(Hcy) ,D‐Dimer ,Fibrinogen(Fib) ,ferritin(SF) .Methods According to the de‐velopment and evolution of the 156 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into progressive cerebral infarction group and non‐progressive cerebral infarction group ,to determine the level of serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy ,one or two D‐Dimer ,Fib ,SF .Results hs‐CRP ,Hcy ,D‐D ,Fib ,SF in the PCI group were higher than those in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Between the development of the PCI with hs‐CRP ,Hcy ,D‐D ,Fib and SF ,there is a close relationship ,to detect the level has a certain significance to the prediction of progressive ischemic stroke .

Objective To analyze the change of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Hubei Province, 2008. Methods The data of schistosomiasis control in the whole province, surveillance sites and standard examinations were collected and analyzed. Results Among all the 63 endemic counties (cities, districts), 21 reached the criteria of transmission interruption, 19 reached the criteria of transmission control, and 23 reached the criteria of infection control in 2008. Villages of Category Three, Category Four and Category Five accounted for 52.10% , 27.80% and 20.09% of all the endemic villages in the whole province, respectively. The infection rates of population and cattle were 1. 70% and 2. 20% , which decreased by 27. 04% and 34. 33% when comparing to those in 2007. The snail area was 77 363 hm~2, with a reduction of 315.70 hm~2 comparing to 2007. In the 74 provincial surveillance sites, the infection rate of population and cattle were 1. 32% and 1. 85% , respectively, with reduction rates of 32.99% and 68.38% comparing to 2007. The snail area was 2 833.98 hm~2 and the area with infected snails was 215.35 hm~2, the densities of living and infected snails were 0. 37 snails/0.1 m~2 and 0.000 3 snails/0. 1 m~2, respectively, and the infection rate of snails was 0.08%. Comparing to 2007, the snail area, densities of living and infected snails and the infection rate of snails decreased by 3.81 % , 21.28% , 40.00% and 27. 30% , respectively, while the area with infected snails increased by 4.52%. The results of standard examination suggested that all the 15 uncontrolled counties ( cities, districts) reached the criteria of infection control. Conclusions Though the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province has been controlled effectively, the endemic condition is still severe. Therefore, the comprehensive measures with an emphasis on infectious source control should be strengthened to consolidate the control result.

Nitrogen source is one of the important factors that affect the microalgae growth and lipid accumulation. We studied the effects of various nitrogen sources (i.e. NaNO3, CO(NH2)2, NH4Cl and CH3COONH4) and amount on the growth density, lipid yield, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content of Nannochloropsis oculata by single factor experimental method. The results show that N. oculata preferred NH4+ as nitrogen source rather than NO3- and CO(NH2)2. NH4+ could promote the growth and lipid accumulation of N. oculata. With the increase of nitrogen concentration, the biomass and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) increased, but the content of lipid decreased. CH3COONH4 was the most suitable for growth, accumulation of lipid and EPA of N. oculata among the four investigated nitrogen sources. The optimal concentration was 5.29 mmol/L.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ; metabolism ; Lipids ; biosynthesis ; isolation & purification ; Microalgae ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; metabolism ; Stramenopiles ; growth & development ; metabolism

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) play critical roles in the identification and elimination of tumor cells evading the host's immune system.Tumor model in mice which is given anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody shows obviously host anti-tumor response.Currently,immunotherapy drugs of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathways receive good effects in a variety of tumors failure of the traditional method,and with less adverse reaction,which provide valuable clinical experiences in advanced tumor immunotherapy.

Objective Objectives: To introduce the technique of performing minimally invasive concomitant Cox Maze Ⅳ ablation procedure entirely by bipolar clamp through right lateral minithoracotomy for patients with atrial fibrillation(AF) associated with mitral valve diseases.Methods Sixty nine patients with mitral valve disease and long-standing persistent AF received minimally invasive Cox Maze Ⅳ ablation procedure combined with mitral valve surgery from June 2012 to January 2015.The etiology of mitral valve disease was rheumatic(41 cases) and degenerative(28 cases).Age at operation ranged from 52 to 71 years.There were 43 males and 26 females.AF duration ranged from 1.5 years to 13 years.Diameter of the left atrium ranged from 42 to 60 mm.Diameter of the left ventricle ranged from 43 to 66 mm.Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ranged from 0.45 to 0.67.Concomitant Maze Ⅳ ablation procedure was performed through right lateral minithoracotomy entirely by bipolar radiofrequency clamp.Results All patients successfully underwent this minimally invasive concomitant Maze Ⅳ ablation procedure and mitral valve surgery.The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(130.3 ± 17.7) minutes.The mean aortic crossclamp time was(91.8 ± 12.7) minutes.No patient needed conversion to sternotomy during the surgery.There was no early death or pacemaker implantation in the perioperation.The average length of hospital stay was(9.8 ± 3.3) days.At discharge, 65 patients(65/69, 94.2％) maintained sinus rhythm.At a mean follow-up time of(21.0 ± 8.6) months, sinus rhythm was restored in 62 patients(62/69, 89.9％).Cumulative maintenance of normal sinus rhythm without AF recurrence at 2 years postoperatively was(85.1 ± 5.8)％.Conclusion The minimally invasive concomitant Maze Ⅳ ablation procedure performed entirely by bipolar clamp through right lateral minithoracotomy was a safe, feasible, and effective technique for patients with AF associated with mitral valve diseases.

Objective To assess the schistosomiasis endemic situation in the national surveillance sites in Hubei Province, so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Methods According to the national surveillance protocol,a longitudinal surveillance of endemic situation of schistosomiasis was carried out in 16 national surveillance sites from 2005 to 2010. Results In general,the positive rates of IHA,Kato-Katz technique and infection rates of Schistosoma japonicum decreased from 15.67%,10.93%and 1.71%in 2005 to 10.48%,8.54%and 0.90%in 2010,and declined by 33.12%,22.70%and 47.95%,respectively. The infection rates of S. japonicum of the male were higher than that of the female,and the peak infec-tion rates were in the groups aged above 30 years. The endemic situation of fishermen and farmers were relatively serious. The in-fection rates of S. japonicum in cattle decreased from 11.69%in 2005 to 1.41%in 2010,and declined by 88.01%(χ2 =298.79, P<0.001). The areas with infected Oncomelania hupensis snails,the densities of living snails,the rates of infected snails and the densities of infected snails decreased by 90.88%,61.66%,80.00%and 92.00%,respectively. Conclusion The schistosomiasis endemic situation in the national surveillance sites in Hubei Province mitigates in 6 years,but the prevention is still a very daunt-ing task.

Objective To Evaluate the performance of serum adenosine deaminase assays of different manufacturers and explore the approach for harmonization of test results.Methods It was evaluated the indice including the limit of blank ,precision,linearity range and reference interval of 10 test systems.It was as the reference system by Mindray test system to evaluate the comparability and the difference of ADA results among 10 different systems.The evaluation was performed before and after calibration by a selected fresh serum assigned by the reference system.A commercial calibrator of the minimum matrix effect was selected from 8 different calibrators as the long-term calibrator to harmonize the ADA results of 10 systems.Results The results of LoB were 0.1-6.3 U/L,respectively.The within-run CVs and total CVs of 10 systems were all less than 5%and actual linearity ranges were conformed to claims of manufacturers.After calibration with fresh serum calibrator ,the averaged difference of 10 test systems was reduced from 14% to 3.0%, and the average difference was 1.8% after calibration with long-term calibrator.The common reference interval of all test systems was 5-24 U/L identically.Conclusions The comparability of ADA measurements can be improved by using a common human serum calibrator and the commutable commercial calibrator.And it is necessary and feasible to develop the standardzation of ADA.

Objective Modified the medium that can increase single\|clone formed rate and confirmed the single clone spheres had the multipotential of differentation. Methods We modified the medium, that is, the medium contained half of primary culture medium and half of fresh culture medium. A great deal of neurospheres dervied from a single cell were plated averagely into 24 well plates and added into the DMEM differentiation medium (containing serum). After culturing for 14 days, cultures were stained with the neuronal\| ang glial\|specific markers (MAP\|2 for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes and CNP for oligodendrocytes). Results Each 96 well plate containing half of primary culture medium generated two to three single clone spheres, in control plate containing only fresh medium generated half to one single clone sphere. After differentiation, these cell clones expressed MAP\|2, GFAP and CNP positive respectively.Conclusion\ Using half of primary culture medium can increase single\|clone formed rate and these cell clones had the multipotential of differentiation.\;[

Objective To evaluate the effects of ginkgolide B on inducing neural stem cells differentiating into neurons. Methods A great deal of single cell clone neurospheres raised from single cell and proliferated by the technology of serum\|free culture and single cell clone.Suspensions of cell clone neurospheres were plated equably into 24 well plates and added into the 10% FBS differentiation medium containing ginkgolide B,BDNF or without any factor.Cultures were terminated at 7 and 14 days respectively.MAP\|2,neuron\|specific marker,were used to mark neurons by immunofluorescence.MAP\|2 positive neurons were observed and counted by fluorescence microscope.The area and perimeter of these positive neurons were analyzed. Results The number of MAP\|2 positive neurons in ginkgolide B group is more than that in the control group in two periods.The area and perimeter of MAP\|2 positive neurons in ginkgolide B group were markedly larger than those in the control group at 7 and 14 days after cultured,but it's less than those in the BDNF group.Conclusion\ Neural stem cells can be induced to differentiate into neurons by ginkgolide B which has the similar role to BDNF.\;[

Background Retinal microglia (RMG) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases,while chemokine CX3CL1 participates in the regulation of steady-state of microglia.It has been determined that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have a remarkable role to modulate the immune response and protect the central nervous system through the release of soluble factors in a paracrine fashion and further affect the functional behavior of cells.However,whether BMSCs are able to interact with RMG and activate related signaling pathway for the maintaining of homeostasis in the retina is still unclear.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between BMSCs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RMG in vitro,and dissect the effects of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway on the biological behavior of BMSCs and RMG.Methods RMG was isolated from SD rats,cultured with mixed culture of retinal glial cells and purified by shaking.The cells were identified by detecting the expression of CD111b,Iba1 and glutamamine synthetase (GS) with indirect immunofluorescence assay.LPS (1 mg/ml,2 μl) was added in the medium for 24 hours to stimulate RMG,and then the cells were divided into LPS control group,BMSCs group (cocultured with BMSCs for 24 hours) and CB-BMSCs group (cocultured with CX3CL1-blocking-BMSCs for 24 hours).The cells without LPS stimulation served as the blank control group.The functions of RMG,including the release content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β),the proliferation,phagocytosis,and migration of RMG were examined.Results RMG was successfully isolated and harvested from SD rats by using mixed culture of retinal glial cells and purified by shaking.CD11b and Iba1 showed the positive expression with the green fluorescence in the cells and GS was absent.The contents of TNF-αt in the cell supernatant were (2.55 ±0.97) ng/ml,(24.91 ±3.07) ng/ml,(20.38 ±2.97) ng/ml and (24.90 ± 1.88) ng/ml in the blank control group,LPS control group,BMSCs group and CB-BMSCs group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=119.90,P＜0.05).The contents of IL-1 β in the cell supernatant were (1.12±0.36) ng/ml,(10.40±2.76) ng/ml,(7.00± 1.75) ng/ml and (9.55 ± 1.11) ng/ml in the blank control group,LPS control group,BMSCs group and CB-BMSCs group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups(F =34.96,P＜0.05).The secretory volume of TNF-α and IL-1 β were evidently lower in the BMSCs group than those in the LPS control group (both at P＜0.05),and no significant differences were found in the secretory volume of TNF-α and IL-1β between CB-BMSCs group and LPS control group (both at P＞0.05).The proliferative rate of RMG was lower in the BMSCs group than that in the LPS control group (P＜0.05),while there was no statistical difference between BMSCs group and CB-BMSCs group (P＞0.05).The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the number of migrated RMG were considerably different among the four groups (F=70.55,15.49,both at P＜0.05),and those in the BMSCs group were significantly increased in comparison with the LPS control group (both at P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between CB-BMSCs group and LPS control group (both at P＞0.05).Conclusions BMSCs could suppress the proliferation of LPS-activated RMG.Moreover,BMSCs might inhibit proinflammatory cytokines releasing,enhance phagocytosis and migration capabilities of RMG via CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway.