Objective To study their chemical components of xianglingcao(Crotalaria ferruginea) and identify their chemical structures.Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral analysis and compared with the published data.Results Ten compounds were isolated and identified as vomifolilol(Ⅰ),genistein(Ⅱ),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅲ),5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-flavone-7-O-?-D-glycopyranoside(Ⅳ),octadecoic acid(Ⅴ),octacosanol(Ⅵ),?-stitosterol(Ⅶ),?-daucosterol(Ⅷ),stigmasterol(Ⅸ),and ?5,22 stigmasterol-3-O-?-D-glycopyranoside(Ⅹ).Conclusion The ten compounds are obtained from xianglingcao for the first time.

Objective To establish a short-term scenario simulation training campus in senior med-ical students before graduation for the sake of a smooth transformation from medical students to residents. Methods There were 101 participants involved in the study . All the participants attended emergency medicine traditional teaching, including 51 fourth-year medical students and 50 fifth-year medical students. The 48 students who took the emergency scenario simulation training course were classified as training camp group while the other 53 students were classified as control group. The control group only participated in the emergency medicine traditional teaching, and the training camp group participated in the emergency sce-nario simulation training course on the basis of control group's routine teaching, including advanced cardiac life support and team collaboration, sepsis and doctor-patient communication, polypnea and crisis manage-ment, disorder of consciousness and interdisciplinary teamwork, multiple injuries and emergency plans, and comprehensive case evaluation. The training camp group was divided into groups and received evaluation of performance on treating emergency simulated case (clinical skills, teamwork, doctor-patient communication) before and after class. The training camp group was received questionnaire survey after class. SAS 9.2 was used to do the t test and descriptive analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the scores of the performance on clinical skills, teamwork, doctor-patient communication of training camp group and control group before class. The scores of training camp group after class were sig-nificantly better than those of control group (P<0.05). In addition, the course had a high recognition by students. 92% (44/48) students thought the course was contributed to improving the ability of crisis man-agement and clinical practice and were in favor of developing similar courses for senior medical students. Conclusion Scenario simulation training campus can strengthen the cultivation of medical students' com-prehensive thinking, independent clinical decision making, practice skills and communication ability in the final stage of medical education as well as enhancing their self-confidence so as to help them to adapt to the real clinical work.

OBJECTIVETo establish discriminant functions of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by studying it from quantitative diagnosis angle, hoping to reduce interference of subjective factors in diagnosing and differentially diagnosing Chinese medical syndromes of IBS-D.

METHODSA Chinese medical clinical epidemiological survey was carried out in 439 IBS-D patients using Clinical Information Collection Table of IBS. Initial syndromes were obtained by cluster analysis. They were analyzed using step-by-step discrimination by taking information of four Chinese medical diagnostic methods and serum brain-gut peptides (BGP) as variables.

RESULTSClustering results were Gan stagnation Pi deficiency syndrome (GSPDS), Pi-Wei weakness syndrome (PWWS), Gan stagnation qi stasis syndrome (GSQSS), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (PSYDS), Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PWDHS), cold-damp disturbing Pi syndrome (CDDPS). Of them, GSPDS was mostly often seen with effective percentage of 34. 2%, while CDDPS was the least often seen with effective percentage of 5.5%. A total of 5 discriminant functions for GSPDS, PWWS, GSQSS, PSYDS, and PWDHS were obtained by step-by-step dis- crimination method. The retrospective misjudgment rate was 4.1% (16/390), while the cross-validation misjudgment rate was 15.4% (60/390).

CONCLUSIONThe establishment of discriminant functions is of value in objectively diagnosing and differentially diagnosing Chinese medical syndromes of IBS-D.

Alarmins ; Brain ; Cluster Analysis ; Diarrhea ; classification ; diagnosis ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; classification ; diagnosis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Yang Deficiency

OBJECTIVETo study a new method for the evaluation of the stability of production process of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) based on chromatographic fingerprinting.

METHODTaking the extraction process of Red Ginseng for example, the fingerprints of extracts produced with fluctuating processing factors, i.e. ratio of solvent to liquid, solvent concentration, extraction durations and extraction times, were acquired. Meanwhile, the similarity of fingerprinting based on Euclidean distance was calculated and each fingerprint was fitwith cubic spline.

RESULTSimilarities of fingerprints of the extracts responded to the fluctuation of processing factors, and it showed that taking similarity as index, quantitative relation between chromatographic fingerprints and processing factors could be established.

CONCLUSIONThe method proposed in the paper was able to describe the quality of products resulting from fluctuating conditions in extracting process, and therefore, can be developed as a practicable strategy to evaluate the stability Traditional Chinese Medicines in production process.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Ginsenosides ; isolation & purification ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Solvents ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective: To identify and analyze the components of Moutan Cortex from different origins by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Methods: UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology combined with chemical composition database was used to identify and analyze the components of Moutan Cortex. The results were analyzed and verified by multivariate statistical analysis and the biomarkers were identified. Results: The 37 components were identified in Moutan Cortex, the major components were galloyl glucoses, benzoic acids, paeonols, peoniflorins, and flavonoids. There were certain differences in the composition and content of Moutan Cortex from different origins. The medicinal materials from different origins were clustered into different groups respectively by principal component analysis (PCA). Five biomarkers were collected by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Conclusion: The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for understanding chemical material basis and quality evaluation of Moutan Cortex, also provide the basis for the development of Chinese medicinal materials specifications and grades.

To investigate the chemical constituents of the whole plants of Bidens bipinnata, the separation and purification of constituents were performed by chromatography on macroporous resin, silica gel, MCI and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-0-alpha-L-rhamnoside (2), keampferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), keampferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (4), 3', 5-dyhydroxy-3, 6, 4'-trimethoxyl -7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside flavonoid (5), 7, 8, 3', 4'-tetraflavanone(6), (2S)- and (2R)-isookanin-7-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside (7a/7b), (2S)- and (2R)-3'-methoxy-isookanin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8a/8b), 6, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyaurone(9), maritimetin (10), esculetin (11), 3-O-caffeoyl-2-methyl-d-erythrono-1, 4-lactone (12), (7S, 8R) balanophonin-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), eugenyl-O-beta-apiofuranosyl-( 1"-6') -O-beta-glucopyranoside (14), and (+)-syringaresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15). Compounds 8, 13, 14, and 15 were isolated from this genus for the first time. Compounds 1 and 6 were potent inhibitors against HSC-T6 cells in vitro and compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 were capable of decreasing the inflammatory cytokine production of macrophage cells in vitro.
Bidens ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

ObjectiveTo introduction of perforator flaps,muscle flaps pedicled by descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery,method and their clinical application that multiple soft tissue defects of hand are repaire by muliplefoliated tissue flap only branch lateral circumflex femoral artery.MethodsFifteen patients with multiple soft tissue defects of hand were repaired muliplefoliated tissue flap only pedicled bydescending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery.At first,the anterolateral thigh perforator flap was designed and harvested according to the soft tissue defects of hand, then the descending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery was dissected at the same time the segmented perforator flap,fascia lata flap,rectus femoris muscle flap, vastus lateralis muscle flap, vastus intermedius muscle flap and distal spatium intermusculare flap were harvested in need according to distance among soft tissue defects.The muliplefoliated tissue flap was harvested only pedicled by descending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery, at last muscle flaps and fascia lata flaps were covered by skin graft, so the multiple soft tissue defects of hand were repaired in one time.ResultsNo vascular crisis happened. All skin grafts survived well, the contour of all repaired soft tissue defects was good and protective feeling was recovered by skin grafts of all flaps. All cases were got follow-up and the range was from 6 to 20 months(the average was 8.7 months).Wound of donor site healed well, muscle strength of quadriceps and motion of knee were normal. Three cases were excellent,nine cases were well and 3 cases were good, according to upper extremity function evaluation criteria of Chinese Medical Society for the Surgery of the Hand, the rate of good was 80 percent.ConclusionMultiple soft tissue defects of hand can be repaired by muliplefoliated flap only pedicled by descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery. Its advantages included reduction of operation time and treatment, good recovery of hand contour and function. It is a good method to repair multiple soft tissue defects of hand.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene silencing mediated by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on proliferation and apoptosis of human tongue carcinoma cells.

METHODSshRNA eukaryotic expression vector targeting the specific sequence of human EGFR gene was constructed and termed shEGFR. The control vector targeting the unrelated sequence was also constructed and termed shNC. The vectors were transiently transfected into Tca8113 cells of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma by Lipofectamine 2000, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of EGFR in Tca8113 cells were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The cell proliferation of Tca8113 cells was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The apoptosis of Tca8113 cells was assessed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSEGFR expression in Tca8113 cells transfected with shEGFR were obviously decreased at mRNA level (81.6%) and protein level (72.0%) (P < 0.05) 48 h after transfection of shEGFR compared with untransfected Tca8113 cells. The proliferation activity of Tca8113 cells transfected with shEGFR was significantly lower than that of Tca8113 cells transfected with shNC and untransfected Tca8113 cells (P < 0.05). The early apoptotic rate of Tca8113 cells transfected with shEGFR was significantly higher than that of Tca8113 cells transfected with shNC and untransfected Tca8113 cells [(39.4 +/- 7.7)%, (4.3 +/- 1.2)%, (2.5 +/- 0.9)%, P < 0.05] 48 h after transfection of shEGFR.

CONCLUSIONSEGFR gene silencing mediated by shRNA may inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in human tongue carcinoma cells.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Tongue Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection

BACKGROUNDExtra glucose load in peritoneal dialysis is an important cause of newly-occurred diabetic mellitus, which initiates insulin treatment in some of the dialytic patients. The purpose of this study was to discuss the influence of the peritoneal transfer status on fasting blood glucose in non-diabetic nephropathy patients who are on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

METHODSOne hundred and forty-five patients with total KT/V per week over 2.0 were recruited, including 60 males and 85 females. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood albumin, blood lipid profile and blood C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed at the beginning of the peritoneal dialysis and after 12 months. A peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was carried out at the 3rd month of CAPD, and meantime residual renal function, peritoneal solute clearance rate, ultrafiltration volume and urine volume were also evaluated.

RESULTSTwenty-one cases were identified as a low transfer group (L), 32 cases as a low average transfer group (LA), 58 cases as a high average transfer group (HA) and 34 cases as a high transfer group (H). At the end of the 12th month, 83 cases had elevated FBG. Through stepwise multiple regression analysis we found the FBG level in these patients was positively related to glucose load and CRP, and negatively related to glucose absorption in the peritoneum (D/D(0)) and blood albumin (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis during a 48-month follow-up found the morbidity of hyperglycemia to be 17/34 cases (50.1%) in the high transfer group, 20/58 cases (34.5%) in the high average transfer group, 11/32 cases (34.3%) in the low average transfer group, and 1/21 cases (5.4%) in the low transfer group.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with high peritoneal transfer capacity might have the highest morbidity from hyperglycemia among patients with these four different peritoneal transfer status. Glucose load, baseline CRP and FBG level before peritoneal dialysis, and D/D0 can efficiently predict hyperglycemia in CAPD patients.

Aged ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; blood ; complications ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; methods ; Peritoneum ; metabolism ; Regression Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of overexpression of exogenous Notch1 in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells on cell growth and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in vitro.

METHODSHuman TSCC cell line Tca8113 cells were transiently transfected with the eukaryotic expression plasmid pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP encoding exogenous intracellular fragment of Notch1 and control plasmid pIRES2-EGFP by Lipofectamine 2000, respectively. Untransfected parental Tca8113 cells served as control. The cell proliferation was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay. The apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein levels of Notch1 and EGFR in Tca8113 cells were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The expression of EGFR protein in Tca8113 cells was detected by immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSMTT assay showed that the cell proliferation of Tca8113 cells transfected with pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP was significantly inhibited as compared with controls (P < 0.05). After transfected with pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP for 48 h, the apoptosis rate of Tca8113 cells was significantly higher than those of Tca8113 cells transfected with pIRES2-EGFP and untransfected Tca8113 cells (P < 0.05), and Notch1 expression was significantly increased at mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein (P < 0.05) levels, while EGFR expression was significantly decreased at mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein (P < 0.05) levels.

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of exogenous Notch1 may inhibit cell growth and down-regulate EGFR expression in TSCC cells.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Tongue Neoplasms ; Transfection