Objective To develop and verify a specific serum bactericidal assay(SBA) in vitro for dysentery serum antibody,in order to evaluate the immune efficacy of dysentery bivalent conjugate vaccine.Methods A standardized SBA was developed by identification of strains, preparation of working bacteria stocks, determination of the percentage recovery rates of working bacteria stocks and complement screening according to the reference method published by WHO reference laboratory in US University of Alabama at Birmingham(UAB), and verified for the specificity, linearity, precision as well as robustness. The titers of 20 pairs of serum samples were determined using the developed SBA method.Results The strains were confirmed to be Shigella flexneri 2a(S.flexneri 2a) and Shigella sonnei(S.sonnei), and their working bacteria stocks were constructed respectively. The percentage recovery rates of working bacteria stocks of the two types were 92% and 94% after cryopreservation for more than 2 h, and 91% and 96% after cryopreservation for 6 months, respectively. The both working dilutions were determined to be 20 000, and the numbers of surviving bacteria were 115 and 109 CFU/spot respectively at this working dilution. Two batches(07634EL and 011834EL) of complements could be used as working complements. The CV of reproducibility of the method was less than 30%, and the inter-assay CV was less than 50%, indicating that the reproducibility and intermediate precision of the method were good. The bactericidal titers of the two serotypes were completely inhibited when the concentrations of homologous dysentery polysaccharide were 50 and 40 μg/mL, respectively, while the inhibition was still lower than 20% even when the concentration of heterologous dysentery polysaccharide increased to 200 μg/mL, which indicated that the method had a good specificity. The logarithmic value of bactericidal titer and the logarithmic value of initial dilution multiple of both two serotypes were significantly negatively correlated, with R~2 of 0.997 4 and 0.996 2, respectively.The antibacterial titers of S.flexneri 2a and S.sonnei antibodies increased significantly compared with those before immunization.Conclusion A standardized SBA in vitro for dysentery specific antibody was successfully developed, which can be used to assess the immune efficacy of dysentery bivalent vaccine.

Hair from 16 scalps of different ages (from 5 months to 77 years old) have been observed with SEM. The surface ultrastructure of the cuticle of the hair shaft is distinctly seen. The cuticles are arranged like shingles. Their free margins direct toward the end of the hair. The appearance and diameter of the shaft vary from age to age. The hair shaft of fetus is very fine. The cuticles are so broad that a single cuticle may encircle the shaft. They are parallel to each other. The intervals between successive free margins of cuticles are wide. Their free margin is smooth. The hair shaft of a 5-year old child is coarse. The cuticles vary in size. It requires a number of cuticles to encircle the shaft. The free margin becomes jagged and curved with microprotrusions on it. The intervals between free margins of the cuticles vary in width. The hair shaft of the youths is coarser. The cuticles are broad and arranged regularly. The intervals between free margins of the cuticles are comparatively narrow. There are numerous well developed microprotrusions on the free margin. The hair shaft of the middle aged is the coarsest and the intervals between free margins of the cuticles are the narrowest of all. There are less microprotrusions than those of the youths'. They are getting less and less, so that the free margin is partly smooth. Many cracks perpendicular to the free margin appear apparently and much debris fallen from the cuticle is attached to the surface of the the shaft. Sometimes falling of a whole cuticle may be observed. The hair shaft of the aged people is finer than that of the youths'. The intervals between cuticles with loose squamous arrangement are wider than those seen in the young and middle aged people. The free margin is usually smooth with only a few microprotrusions if any. Sometimes big and deep holes may be found on the surface of white hair. It is considered that the diameter of hair shaft, the size and arrangement of cuticles, the characteristic structures of free margin, the number of microprotrusions and with or without small debris attached to or holes appeared on the shaft are all related to age.

Purpose: To investigate the antitumor efficacy of intra-tumoral administration of plasmid DNA expressing mIL-12 in murine H22 liver tumor models grafted subcutaneously. Methods: Plasmid encoding mIL12 was constructed and examined the expression of cytokine in the eukaryotic cell through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proliferation assay of T lymphoblasts was performed for measuring the biological activity of expressed mIL12. After intra-tumoral administration of plasmid DNA, mean diameters of the tumor mass and survival time were measured in each murine models group. Lactic dehydrogenase ( LDH) assay was performed to examine whether or not treatment with different plasmid DNA could induce systemic cytolytic activity of lymphocytes against parental H22 cells. Histopathological analysis was operated after administration of plasmid DNA vectors in each murine model group. Results: Growth of liver tumor was significantly inhibited( F =4. 10, P =0. 03), and activity of CTL against H22 was enhanced in mIL12 gene therapy group as compared with the control group. In the focal treated with pDC511mIL12 plasmid DNA, inflammatory cell infiltration was more extensive and necrosis was more definite than control group at 1 month after DMA injection. Conclusions: Intra-tumoral administration of plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-12 could inhibit the growth of H22 liver tumor and induce the host antitumor immune response efficiently in the murine model.

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics of indometacin (IDM) enteric-coated dropping pills.Methods:Beagle dogs were used as the experimental animals and the marketed IDM enteric-coated tablets were applied as the control,the pharmacokinetics of IDM enteric-coated dropping pills was studied after a single oral administration.DAS software was used for the model fit and parameter calculation,and the bioequivalence was also evaluated.Results:Both IDM enteric-coated dropping pills and tablets were fitted a one-compartment model.Compared with those of IDM enteric-coated tablets,the Cmax,Tmax,AUC0-∞and Tlag of IDM enteric-coated dropping pills all showed notable differences (P<0.05),and the former two increased significantly,and the latter two were shortened significantly.The relative bioavailability of the dropping pills was (121.0±7.7)%.Conclusion:Compared with IDM enteric-coated tablets,IDM enteric-coated dropping pills are with significantly enhanced absorption and shortened lag time,which is worthy of further studies and development.

Objective To investigate the relationship between l evels of FⅦc and features of IR as well as macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.Methods The 2001-10~2002-08 FⅦc levels were measured by a one -stage biological assay in patients with type 2 diabetes and controls.Results (1)Type 2 diabetic patients had significantly higher FⅦc than control subjects.(2)FⅦc levels were higher in the type 2 diabetes w ith macrovascular complications than in those without macrovascular complication s.(3)FⅦc levels correlated positively with most features of IR.Conclusion FⅦc levels are increased in type 2 diabetic pat ients.Elevated FⅦc may be an important sign of IR and may contribute to type 2 diabetes and its macrovascular diseases.

Objective To analyze and investigate clinical characteristics, pathogenesis and treatment of urinary tract infection and aseptic meningitis. Methods Clinical features and laboratory tests of a two-month-old baby girl with urinary tract infection and aseptic meningitis were reported. Results The patient complained of fever, neck stiffness and a bulging fontanel, accompanied by congestion and abnormal secretion of urethra. The cerebrospinal lfuid (CSF) white blood cell count was 30×106/L. The blood culture and the CSF culture were both negative. And the urine culture was positive for Enterococcus faecium. The patient received a 10-day course of intravenous antibiotic therapy. The prognosis is good with no recurrence of the disease. Conclusions Aseptic meningitis can be concomitant with urinary tract infection, The probable hypothesis may be that sterile CSF pleocytosis is mediated by urinary tract infection. Knowledge of this may prevent unnecessary antibiotics therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis.

60%(lot number 20040828, Jiahui, Shanghai, China).METHODS:Rabbit autologous BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro.At the third passage, BMSCs at 2?1010/L were combined on 3 cm?2 cm gelatin sponge.Each gelatin sponge contained 60 ?L cell suspension, placed in a cell incubator for 4 hours for further use.In each group, rabbit models of steroid-associated femoral head necrosis were established by liquid nitrogen frozen method.After natural rewarming, a hole was drilled.Rabbits in the model control group were left intact.Rabbits in the decompression group were implanted with gelatin sponge.Rabbits of the BMSC transplantation and theaflavin + BMSC transplantation groups were implanted with gelatin sponge with rabbit autologous BMSCs, and perfused with 250 mg theaflavin three time every day till death.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The following parameters were measured:general conditions of animals;signal changes in the femoral head necrosis region were observed in the hip by magnetic resonance imaging scanning.Histology of femoral head samples was observed.Results of scanning electron microscope observation.RESULTS:After 8 weeks, rabbits became more active than before treatment, and walking way became normal gradually in the BMSC transplantation, theaflavin + BMSC transplantation groups.Four weeks after model induction, magnetic resonance imaging signal region of all groups had no obvious changes, but 8 weeks later, the necrosis signal region of the model control group magnified while it reduced obviously in the decompression group.Low signal region range became slightly small in the cell transplantation group.The low signal region range became significantly small in the theaflavin + BMSC transplantation group, and bone density signal was nearly normal.Compared with other three groups, positive number of empty lacunae significantly reduced in the theaflavin + BMSC transplantation group at 4 and 8 weeks following model induction(P

Objective To study the expression of bivalent DNA vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum in vitro/vivo and lasting time in vivo. Methods The bivalent DNA pVIVO2-SjFABP/Sj23 was transfected transiently into the human embryonic kidney cells of the line 293. RT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of SjFABP and Sj23 mRNA in the 293 cells. Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test(IFAT) was used to detect the expressions of SjFABP and Sj23 proteins. Twelve BALB/c mice were inoculated with pVIVO2-SjFABP/Sj23 via intramuscular injection. Two blood samples were collected from eye sockets and two mice were vivi-perfused each month. This work lasted for 6 months. IFAT was used to detect the expression of proteins in skeletal muscle. Western-blot was used to detect the serum IgG level. Results RT-PCR and IFAT showed the expressions of SjFABP and Sj23 in the HEK-293 cells. IFAT showed SjFABP/ Sj23 was present in vivo at least for 6 months. Special IgG was not detected by Western blot. Conclusions pVIVO2-SjFABP/Sj23, bivalent DNA vaccine, could express correctly in vitro/vivo, and lasts for 6 months at least in vivo.

Objective: To study the status of indomethacin (IDM) in IDM enteric-coated dropping pills and its interaction with PEG 6000.Methods: IDM, PEG 6000, their physical mixture and IDM enteric-coated dropping pills were respectively studied by DSC, IR, X-ray diffraction and SEM.Results: In the map of DSC, the endothermic peak of IDM enteric-coated dropping pills disappeared at 164℃, and the endothermic peak of PEG 6000 at 57℃ shifted forward.In the map of IR, the carbonyl stretching vibration peak of IDM in IDM enteric-coated dropping pills disappeared, and a new peak appeared at 1 680 cm-1.In the map of X-ray diffraction, there was no diffraction peak in IDM enteric-coated dropping pills.SEM showed the morphology of IDM in the base was much smaller than that of IDM raw material.Conclusion: IDM in IDM enteric-coated dropping pills is dispersed in the matrix with an amorphous or molecular form, and there is hydrogen bond between IDM and PEG 6000.

Objective To estimate fairness in the financial contributions of suburban households of Shanghai to the health system and the situation throughout the country. Methods A household survey was conducted to obtain data on health expenditure and government health input, which was then analyzed by means of the index for and methodology of fairness in the financial contributions of households in the performance assessment of the health system as introduced by the WHO. Results The coefficient of fairness in the financial contributions of households to the health system was estimated to be 0.735 and the rate of cooperative medical care coverage was positively related to the fairness. Conclusion The fairness level of the financial contributions of suburban households of Shanghai to the health system tallies with the level estimated by the WHO for China while the national level is lower. The calculations of government subsidy for household health, as recommended by the WHO in estimating fairness in the financial contributions to the health system, do not conform to the actual situation in China.